Synergies for Monitoring and Reporting on Climate and Biodiversity Actions
Global frameworks and national opportunities
Transparency is a shared pillar of the Paris Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)’s Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). Integrated monitoring and reporting can strengthen climate–biodiversity synergies while reducing reporting burdens and improving policy coherence.
Policy Recommendations
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A synergistic approach to monitoring and reporting helps measure progress toward biodiversity and climate goals and demonstrates how ecosystem-based approaches deliver outcomes for both.
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Recent decisions, including updates to the GBF, the UAE Framework for Global Climate Resilience, and the Belém Adaptation Indicators, create clear entry points for synergistic transparency through harmonized indicators, metadata, and methodologies across the CBD and Paris Agreement.
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Countries should develop shared national objectives and targets across their climate and biodiversity plans and strategies, identify overlaps and harmonize definitions and indicators, establish data agreements to facilitate the flow of data, and share data repositories for continuous monitoring.
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Countries should also align timelines for reporting and revision of national strategy documents, conduct capacity building and knowledge exchange, and continuously improve synergistic implementation through evaluation and learning.
This thematic paper presents the monitoring and reporting frameworks of the Paris Agreement and the Kunming-Montreal GBF, discusses opportunities at the global level for enhancing synergies between them, and compiles good practices and recommendations for aligning monitoring, evaluation, and learning systems at the national level. These recommendations include the following:
- develop shared national objectives and targets,
- identify overlaps and harmonize definitions and indicators,
- establish data agreements to facilitate the flow of data,
- share data repositories for continuous monitoring,
- align timelines for reporting and revising national strategy documents,
- conduct capacity building and knowledge exchange, and
- continuously improve synergistic implementation through evaluation and learning.
The thematic paper is part of a series aimed at enhancing the understanding and policy uptake of integrated solutions to the climate and biodiversity crises:
- Summary paper: Synergies Between Biodiversity- and Climate-Relevant Policy Frameworks and Their Implementation
- Thematic paper 1: Linkages and Synergies Between International Instruments on Biodiversity and Climate Change
- Thematic paper 2: Linkages Between Biodiversity and Climate Change and the Role of Science–Policy–Practice Interfaces for Ensuring Coherent Policies and Actions
- Thematic paper 3: Nature-Based Solutions: An approach for joint implementation of climate and biodiversity commitments
- Thematic paper 4: Good Governance for Integrated Climate and Biodiversity Policy-Making
- Thematic paper 5: From National to Local Implementation: A collaborative, multilevel effort to achieve joint climate and biodiversity goals
- Thematic paper 6: Delivering Financing for Joint Biodiversity and Climate Solutions
- Thematic paper 7: Synergies for Monitoring and Reporting on Climate and Biodiversity Actions: Global frameworks and national opportunities
- Thematic paper 8: The Role of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities in Contributing to the Achievement of Global Climate and Biodiversity Goals
- Thematic paper 9: Enhancing Synergies to Advance Gender-Responsive Approaches Under the Convention on Biological Diversity and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
- Thematic paper 10: Resources and Platforms for Capacity Building and Development for Synergistic Climate and Biodiversity Actions
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