Birds eye view of a river winding through a forest

Advancing Synergies Between Biodiversity and Climate Change Policy

IISD provides evidence-based policy advice, guidance, and practical tools for fostering synergies between climate change and biodiversity actions. Through this series of projects, we help policy-makers align climate change and biodiversity policies at the national and international levels to enable more coordinated, coherent, and effective approaches to addressing climate and biodiversity crises.

The 2015 Paris Agreement and the 2022 Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework are inherently complementary. Their overarching goals—to protect biodiversity and to mitigate and adapt to climate change—are deeply interlinked: the success of one depends on the implementation of the other. This interdependence has been recognized by policy-makers and the scientific community and reflected in numerous decisions, declarations, and calls for enhanced collaboration. The coordinated implementation of these two critical international agreements provides signatories with a strong foundation to meet their climate and biodiversity commitments more efficiently and effectively.

As countries renew their commitments in line with the respective agreements, there is a critical and timely opportunity to bring climate and biodiversity actions and policies closer together. This integrated approach can help deliver real wins for both biodiversity actions, and for climate adaptation and mitigation.

IISD is actively leading projects that highlight synergies between biodiversity and climate change policies, with a focus on national and local implementation. These efforts help people learn more, strengthen skills, and encourage policies that combine climate action with protecting nature—especially by using nature-based solutions and creating the right conditions and systems to put them into practice together. The work seeks to provide compelling examples, approaches, and case studies to demonstrate how biodiversity and climate objectives can be advanced together.

What does creating synergies mean?

Creating synergies involves the intentional coordination of planning and implementation of national climate and biodiversity commitments and strategiesnationally determined contributions, national adaptation plans, and national biodiversity strategies and action plansto achieve results greater than if each policy instrument were implemented by itself. It provides multiple co-benefits, results in more effective and efficient outcomes, and ensures efforts in one area do not undermine progress in another.

Project details