Using Systemic Approaches and Simulation to Support Transformation Toward Sustainable Mobility

Transport is a crucial part of modern society, connecting communities and fostering development. However, the impact of the transport sector on the planet is huge, causing over 20% of global carbon dioxide emissions. It is therefore one of the main drivers of climate change while also having significant direct and indirect negative impacts on human health. This project aims to drive investment towards sustainable mobility and transport.

As populations and cities grow, the world’s transport networks will need to expand and modernize to meet demands. Sustainable transport can provide safe, accessible, efficient, and resilient mobility while minimizing carbon dioxide and other emissions. Despite these benefits, sustainable transport infrastructure is not being developed at the scale needed to adapt to ever-increasing climate impacts and to meet net-zero targets by 2050.

All infrastructure investments generate benefits and costs, which is why it is crucial to identify, quantify, and analyze all impacts surrounding a project. We use our Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) methodology, which is rooted in systems thinking and uses tools like spatial, Excel-based, and system dynamic models, to provide a more holistic understanding of the value of sustainable transport infrastructure by weighing the environmental, economic, and social co-benefits of a project. These approaches can be key instruments for helping investors, planners, and policy-makers make informed decisions about sustainable transportation investments.

For this project, we will deploy the SAVi methodology in 9 countries, as well as providing capacity building and training activities for policy makers and decision-makers. The general goals of this project are threefold​:

  1. To review strategic frameworks, methods, and models for sustainable transport.​
  2. To generate evidence of the societal benefits of a variety of projects, considering direct, indirect, and induced social, economic, and environmental project outcomes.​​
  3. To inform decision making for upscaling investments in sustainable transport, also in the context of green and resilient recovery packages.​

The project will specifically estimate investment avoided costs and added benefits of sustainable transport based on social, economic, and environmental indicators with a view of informing and influencing decision making on project selection, financing strategy, and implementation. It will also focus on the macro-economic level by providing an estimation of the contribution of sustainable transport to national sustainable development, considering its role in strengthening growth and in reducing public and private costs.

This will result in increased knowledge of the benefits of investing in sustainable transport infrastructure, as well as guide decision-makers on why and how to plan, choose, and implement sustainable transport and mobility-related investments. 

Webinar

Valuing Sustainable Transport

November 21, 2023 10:00 am - November 23, 2023 5:30 pm CET

(Open to public)

Transport is a crucial part of modern society, connecting communities and fostering development. However, the impact of the transport sector on the planet is huge, causing over 20% of global carbon dioxide emissions. It is therefore one of the main drivers of climate change while also having significant direct and indirect negative impacts on human health.

As populations and cities grow, the world’s transport networks will need to expand and modernize to meet demands. Sustainable transport can provide safe, accessible, efficient, and resilient mobility while minimizing carbon dioxide and other emissions. Despite these benefits, sustainable transport infrastructure is not being developed at the scale needed to adapt to ever-increasing climate impacts and to meet net-zero targets by 2050.

All infrastructure investments generate benefits and costs, which is why it is crucial to identify, quantify, and analyze all impacts surrounding a project. Our Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) methodology is rooted in systems thinking and uses tools like spatial, Excel-based, and system dynamic models to provide a more holistic understanding of the value of sustainable transport infrastructure by weighing the environmental, economic, and social co-benefits of a project. These approaches can be key instruments for helping investors, planners, and policy-makers make informed decisions about sustainable transportation investments.

We led this three-session webinar series on valuing sustainable transport with SAVi:

Valuing Sustainable Transport

 

Session 1: Thursday, November 16, 10:00–11:30 CET

Sustainable Transport Investment: a case study in Coimbatore, India

In the first session, we introduce the role that sustainable transport infrastructure can play in producing economic, social, and environmental benefits. We take you, step-by-step, through our SAVi methodology, which uses a combination of system dynamics, spatial modelling, climate data, and financial analysis to assess the environmental, social, and economic performance of infrastructure assets. We then look at this in focus through the lens of a case study of a non-motorized transport network in the city of Coimbatore, India.

Session 2: Tuesday, November 21, 10:00–11:30 CET

Systems Thinking for Sustainable Transport Projects: a case study in Bandung, Indonesia

In the second session, we delve deeper into systems thinking and systems dynamics. We introduce causal loop diagrams and examine how the simulation and interpretation of a variety of scenarios can help assess sustainable transport infrastructure investment options. During this session, we present a case study of a bus rapid transit system in Bandung, Indonesia.

Session 3: Thursday, November 23, 16:00–17:30 CET

Integrated Cost-Benefit Analysis for Transport Projects: a case study in Bogotá, Colombia

In the final session, we explore the added value of integrated valuations and cost-benefit analyses versus more traditional project costing approaches. We also demonstrate how to identify key added benefits and avoided costs for sustainable transport projects and how this enables decision-makers to delve beneath the surface of a transport project, looking at the longer-term benefits throughout its life cycle. This is illustrated by the case study of a mass-rapid transit system in Bogota, Colombia.

Report

Lithium-Sourcing Roadmap for India

Strategies to secure a robust and responsible battery supply chain

This report aims to provide a strategy to guide policy-makers in sourcing lithium responsibly to promote clean energy manufacturing in India, with the aim of supporting low-carbon economic growth, creating equitable jobs, and helping to mitigate climate change impacts. It analyzes strategies of mineral-rich nations, key importing nations, and international companies, to provide recommendations for policy-makers and industry to secure lithium supply. 

September 25, 2023

Lithium is a key mineral used in lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery technologies and is anticipated to play a pivotal role in driving the uptake of electric vehicles and stationary storage applications over the next decade. Its criticality is reflected in its inclusion in the critical minerals list of eight major global economies (the United States, European Union, Japan, Canada, Australia, China, Republic of Korea, and India), one of only three minerals to be included in an assessment by all eight countries (the others being tungsten and cobalt). In 2023, India reaffirmed lithium’s importance by designating it as a “critical” mineral along with 29 other minerals. The International Energy Agency (IEA) also forecasts that lithium for clean energy will see the fastest growth in global demand among different critical minerals, growing by 17 times between 2022 and 2045 under the IEA’s net-zero scenario, underscoring its unique importance in driving the energy transition.

India’s geostrategic allies and competitors have long recognized the importance of lithium in maintaining their industrial competitiveness and have taken steps to secure access to lithium resources through direct investments in overseas mines and long-term supply agreements, as well as setting up processing and refining capabilities. In contrast, Indian companies have thus far played a negligible role in the lithium battery supply chain, which, if left unaddressed, may create energy and economic security risks for the country. A lack of decisive action to secure a lithium supply in the coming decade could leave India behind in the race to develop a Li-ion battery manufacturing base and stymie the development of key industries such as electric vehicles and stationary storage applications, hindering India’s economic growth and job-creation potential.

The report would be useful to several Indian ministries, state-owned enterprises, such as Khanij Bidesh Limited (KABIL), as well as industry actors in India seeking to establish a presence in the global lithium supply chain.

Report details

Report

India's Potential in the Midstream of Battery Production

Strategies to create a globally competitive EV ecosystem in India

India could become a hub for electric vehicle (EV) manufacturing and recycling with the right incentives and government policies that can meet strong domestic demand for EVs and take advantage of the growing manufacturing sector. This report summarizes consultations with over 25 companies and actors to determine what factors are crucial in the considerations of companies on where to invest in and expand manufacturing. 

September 25, 2023

In India, transportation currently accounts for 14% of greenhouse gas emissions. With over 300 million vehicles currently on the road and 200 more million to be added in the next two decades, India faces a massive challenge to electrify its road vehicles and reach its goal of net-zero by 2070. However, this challenge also provides India with a tremendous opportunity. As the 4th largest producer of automobiles, the transition to EVs provides a huge economic opportunity if India localizes EV and battery manufacturing.

India could become a hub for EV manufacturing and recycling with the right incentives and government policies that can meet strong domestic demand for EVs and take advantage of the growing manufacturing sector. India can immediately become a vital segment of the battery supply chain by producing battery cells and expanding mineral processing. This report summarizes consultations with over 25 companies and actors to determine what factors are crucial in the considerations of companies on where to invest in and expand manufacturing.

This report gives an overview of India’s targets and current state of play and then discusses battery supply chain fundamentals that need to be critically assessed to understand where India has the strongest comparative advantage. It closes by outlining key companies’ decision-making factors and assesses India’s potential comparative advantage against each factor.

Participating experts

Report details

Conference

Sustainable Supply Chains for EV Batteries

September 26, 2023 10:00 am - 3:30 pm IST

In person at Tamarind Hall, India Habitat Centre, Lodi Road, New Delhi, and online.

(Open to public)

This hybrid event discusses strategies to create an internationally competitive electric vehicle (EV) ecosystem in India. The country has the potential to become a hub for EV manufacturing and recycling with the right incentives and government policies by producing battery cells and expanding mineral processing. However, India faces a challenge in sourcing critical minerals to develop locally- made batteries that will power the EV transition, which gives rise to two priorities. On the one hand, recycling existing batteries can secure a certain domestic supply of critical minerals while creating local employment. On the other hand, Indian companies will need to source primary raw minerals abroad in the short- to medium-term. 

To contribute to this discussion, the project partners, the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), and Invest India launch and present the findings of three reports at this event:

  1. An assessment of India’s midstream potential
  2. A lithium sourcing roadmap for India
  3. ICRIER “Sampada” model for assessing the macroeconomic impact of Rajasthan’s Waste Recycling Park on battery waste recycling.

Agenda

Opening

Welcome Remarks

Amrita Goldar, Senior Fellow, ICRIER

Introductory Remarks

Kanchi Gupta, Program Manager, ClimateWorks Foundation

Keynote Session

Sanjiva de Silva, Counsellor, Energy and Resources, Australian High Commission
Gaurav Joshi, Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Heavy Industries
Periasamy Kumaran, Officer On Special Duty, Ministry of External Affairs

Session 1: India’s potential in the battery supply chain

Presentation of Report

Tom Moerenhout, Senior Associate, International Institute for Sustainable Development
Abhishek Bansal, Senior Investment Specialist, Invest India
Arishna Saxena, Senior Investment Specialist, Invest India

Panel Discussion

Devashish Aneja, Vice President Partnerships, C4V
Deb Mukherji, Managing Director, Omega Seiki Mobility
Vikram Handa, Managing Director, Epsilon Carbon

Q&A

Session 2: Critical minerals strategy for India

Presentation of Report

Siddharth Goel, Senior Policy Advisor, International Institute for Sustainable Development

Panel Discussion

Moderator: Sonali Nandrajog, Communications Consultant, Climate Trends

Rajesh Chadha, Senior Fellow, Center on Social and Economic Progress
Murtiani Hendriwani, Policy Advisor, Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Metals, Minerals and Sustainable Development
Manish Dua, Principal Consultant, Benchmark Minerals Intelligence
Rishabh Jain, Senior Program Lead, Council on Energy, Environment and Water

Q&A

Session 3: Macroeconomic impacts of a circular economy

Presentation of Report

Amrita Goldar, Senior Fellow, ICRIER

Panel Discussion

V. P Yadav, Scientist ‘F’, Central Pollution Control Board
Vijai Singhal, Director, Greenhub Systems Private Limited
Parveen Kumar, Head Research and Development, Exigo Recycling
Suneel Pandey, Director Environment and Waste Management Division, The Energy and Resources Institute

Q&A

Final Remarks

Conference details

IISD in the news

G20 Summit Agreement Fails To Strengthen Coal Phase-Down Even As Data Show High Per Capita Coal Emissions

As world leaders gather in New Delhi for the Group of 20 (G20) Summit–with 19 member countries and the European Union–data show that a majority of the group still has very high per capita coal power emissions. At the summit, countries agreed to "pursue further efforts" to limit the global average temperature rise to 1.5 degrees celsius, agreeing to "encourage efforts to triple renewable energy capacity globally" but the G20 New Delhi Leaders Declaration included no new commitment on phasedown of coal power or on phasing down all fossil fuels.

September 10, 2023
IISD in the news

Solar Feeders Promise to Fulfil Solar Targets in Agriculture

Several Indian states like Maharashtra are pushing hard for increased solarization of their agricultural feeders to allow consistent power to its farmers during daytime. Some states like Bihar which don’t have any operational off-grid solar pump scheme have also planned to jump onto the bandwagon.

September 1, 2023

IISD in the news details

Insight

Advancing Biodiversity-Positive Nature-Based Climate Solutions

August 23, 2023

Climate change serves as a threat multiplier, amplifying biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation globally. As a result, advancing climate solutions that preserve and restore ecosystems is critical. Actively conserving our forests, wetlands, oceans, and coasts will help communities become more resilient to the impacts of climate change. Nature-based solutions (NbS) for climate change adaptation can be a cost-effective way to increase resilience while generating multiple benefits (or co-benefits) for nature and society. But achieving measurable gains for biodiversity functioning that also deliver wins for society and adaptation often proves to be challenging.

The International Institute for Sustainable Development’s (IISD’s) recent report, Enhancing Biodiversity Co-Benefits From Nature-Based Solutions, provides recommendations to help plan, design, and implement NbS for adaptation that enhance biodiversity and ecosystem integrity. These recommendations range from incorporating Traditional Knowledge of biodiversity and ecosystem services and using cost-effective indicators for monitoring, evaluation, and learning to integrating local values that will help ensure that benefits address the needs of local community members.

Concrete examples of biodiversity co-benefits achieved through the implementation of NbS exist. From India to Ethiopia to Canada, we explored some of them at a recent event hosted by the Aga Khan Foundation Canada, IISD (under the Nature for Climate Adaptation Initiative), and Global Affairs Canada. These three case studies provide valuable examples of NbS’ potential while showing the versatility of NbS for different contexts.

Enhancing the Resilience of Coastal Communities in India

In recent years, natural hazards on the Saurashtra coast of Gujarat in India have become increasingly frequent. Exacerbated by climate change, phenomena such as cyclones, storms, coastal erosion, sea level rise, heat waves, floods, and extreme rains have been intensifying. To adapt to these changes, 20 coastal villages in the Porbandar district have partnered with the Aga Khan Agency for Habitat and technology company Ericsson to enhance their resilience through an ecosystem-based and community-centred approach.

Community members are planting 100,000 mangroves and other plant species to restore the coastal ecosystem and protect against coastal erosion adjacent to villages and nearby areas. Mangroves have proven efficient in mitigating the effects of storm surges, soil erosion, and salinity, as well as soaking up the carbon dioxide that contributes to climate change. Furthermore, cloud-based artificial intelligence monitoring sensors used in the project generate real-time data on the mangroves and coastal restoration efforts. With this project, new climate-resilient livelihood opportunities will arise for local communities—for example, they will plant 20,000 fruit-bearing trees across 10 villages to help increase biodiversity and reduce local heat waves.

Anita Miya, Head, Knowledge Management and Partnership, Aga Khan Agency for Habitat, provides more information in her presentation.

Improving the Health, Profitability, and Adaptability of Ethiopian Coffee Farmers

Ethiopia is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries in the world due to its strong reliance on rain-fed agriculture and natural resources and its limited ability to adapt to the changing climate. As explained by Anil Gupta, Senior Environment Specialist at Global Affairs Canada, a quarter of the population (mostly small-scale female farmers) derive their livelihoods from the production, processing, and marketing of coffee. However, with increasing temperatures and high inter-annual and intra-seasonal rainfall variability, areas suitable for wild coffee production could shrink by 40% to 90% by 2040.

Another issue, specific to the Sidamo region in southern Ethiopia, is how to deal with coffee processing wastewater. According to an early case study presented by Gupta and Paul Stewart, TechnoServe, 2 billion litres of hazardous wastewater is produced annually, overflowing into rivers and impacting human and animal health. The Sidamo project took different NbS measures to tackle this problem, including

  • composting the waste pulp from coffee processing,
  • installing over 100 vetiver grass restoration initiatives around wetlands, and
  • planting over 1 million indigenous shade trees on 28,000 smallholder coffee farms (to protect the soils and the coffee trees from heat and retain soil moisture).

(Through the project) I learned that coffee trees have a shorter lifespan when grown under full sun and reduce the coffee yields. That is why I loved to plant trees on my farm, as it, in turn, leads me to live a comfortable life.

Birtikuan Debeko, beneficiary of the program in Aleta Wondo (Sidamo, Ethiopia)

As a result, both the river water quality and the climate resilience of small-scale coffee farmers in the Sidamo region have improved over the past 10 years.

Restoring, Protecting, and Connecting Natural Landscapes Across Southern Canada

Southern Ontario contains the highest diversity and density of species in Canada, explained Janet Sumner, Executive Director, Wildlands League. The region is home to approximately 200 endangered species—out of a total of 500 endangered species in the country—and 80% of the species at risk in the province. To address both the extinction crisis and the climate emergency, the Nature Connectivity Project brings together protected area initiatives on both public and private lands under the Southern Ontario Nature Coalition and aims to integrate these parcels of land into the Rouge National Urban Park, enlarging it by 30%.

An important piece of the connectivity puzzle is the Ontario Greenbelt, which is composed of 800,000 hectares of farmland and natural areas around the Greater Toronto Area that are currently protected from urban sprawl. It provides multiple benefits, such as offering spaces for outdoor activities, alleviating the impacts of climate change, and countering biodiversity loss. But a rapidly growing population and their housing and transportation needs are threatening the integrity of this space. It will only endure if we find ways to recognize and preserve viable ecological connections among a web of green spaces—namely for fauna to safely migrate to and from larger protected areas.

lake and trees in Algonquin Park, Ontario

The Nature Connectivity Project enables just that as it aims to achieve an interconnected network of protection and ecological corridors across Southern Ontario, with positive mitigation and adaptation benefits for 12 million people. Among the multiple benefits, the project will create jobs, protect communities from flooding, and deliver on biodiversity co-benefits, including protecting a rare Carolinian forest that hosts over 1,700 species of plants and animals—23 of which are at risk.

Working Together to Scale Up NbS for Adaptation

If our communities and ecosystems are going to work together to survive these modern crises, we will need to increase evidence-based, inclusive, impactful, and gender-inclusive NbS for adaptation and biodiversity worldwide. This is what the Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) for Climate and Biodiversity Community of Practice aims to do by allowing organizations across the world to share their insights, expertise, and networks—as seen with the case studies above that were presented in the same meeting to cover a variety of perspectives and NbS practices.

Furthermore, Stefan Ruge and Michael Opitz from the German foundation Hanns R. Neumann Stiftung along with Kevin West from popular coffee chain Tim Hortons shared findings from a collaborative project on coffee and climate change adaptation. In addition, Jerry Nwigwe from the youth-led association Debate and Development Resource Centre–Nigeria discussed the integration of an NbS approach applied to a cassava value chain.

Nicholas Macfarlane, International Union for Conservation of Nature, also introduced to the Community of Practice the Species Threat Abatement and Recovery (STAR) metric, which measures the potential of “particular actions at specific locations to contribute to global sustainability targets, supporting science-based targets for species biodiversity.” It is a spatially explicit and standardized way of measuring biodiversity that allows a range of stakeholders, from policy-makers to NbS project teams, to compare the potential biodiversity impacts of specific actions.


Any organizations interested in NbS for adaptation and biodiversity are welcome to join the Community of Practice and can email [email protected] for more information.

The initial work plan of the NbS for Climate and Biodiversity Community of Practice was co-developed by Global Affairs Canada, members of the Canadian Coalition on Climate Change and Development, and other organizations in Canada.

The event From Knowledge to Practice: Advancing Biodiversity-Positive Nature-Based Climate Solutions was organized as part of the Aga Khan Foundation Canada’s Speaker Series on Climate Resilience and Adaptation. All presentations from the event can be found here. Don't miss our upcoming event, From Knowledge to Practice: Mainstreaming Gender Equality and Social Inclusion in Nature-Based Solutions for Adaptation, on 19 October 2023.

Relevant resources are also available on the Nature-based Infrastructure Global Resource Centre.

Webinar

Financing India's Sustainable Energy Transition: Instruments, markets, and principles

August 17, 2023 11:00 am - 12:30 pm IST

Via Zoom

(Open to public)

This webinar explores financing challenges and their potential solutions to advance India's green energy transition. The webinar examines the quantum of financial flows required for this energy transition, analyzing the current financing mechanisms and exploring short- and long-term measures that need to be undertaken by policy-makers to mobilize the necessary capital. It discusses the limitations of funding agencies and the need for diverse financial instruments and structures to supplement the existing banking system. Moreover, the webinar addresses the concept of transition finance, the role of domestic institutional capital, and ways to embed just transition principles into the discourse of development finance. It also covers the need for policy support and fiscal management to attract different sources of capital and foster a supportive policy environment to support a just green transition for India's energy sector. 

This webinar is organized by the Centre for Development & Environment Policy (CDEP) at the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta (IIM-C) in collaboration with the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) as part of the Building Roadmaps for Industrial Decarbonisation and Green Economy (BRIDGE) initiative. BRIDGE aspires to bring experts together to discuss India’s changing energy landscape. The BRIDGE Initiative Webinar Series on Coal Transition, comprised of four webinars, focuses on the role of coal in a sustainable energy mix. 

Agenda 

Welcome

Setting the Context

Dhruba Purkayastha, India Director & USICEF Director, Climate Policy Initiative 

Panel Discussion

Neha Khanna, Senior Manager, Climate Policy Initiative

Shantanu Srivastava, Sustainable Finance and Climate Risk Lead, South Asia, Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis 

Suranjali Tandon, Associate Professor, National Institute for Public Finance and Policy 

Vaibhav Pratap Singh, Independent Consultant

Q&A

Wrap Up

Mritiunjoy Mohanty, Professor, CDEP, IIM Calcutta 

Webinar details

Webinar

Achieving a Just Energy Transition in India’s Coal-Mining Region: Participatory governance and role of the state

August 3, 2023 11:00 am - 12:30 pm IST

via Zoom

(Open to public)

This webinar will explore the essential governance elements needed to achieve a just energy transition in India, with a particular focus on the role of the state. It will delve into a bottom-up approach toward policy-making that prioritizes the well-being of individuals and communities, emphasizing the need to move away from a one-size-fits-all approach. The policy landscape for energy transition will be meticulously assessed, highlighting the criticality of sectoral coordination between state departments and real-time monitoring mechanisms to accurately track progress. The use of industrial policy to achieve economic diversification will be examined emphasizing the state's role in facilitating entrepreneurship and the importance of embracing technological advancements to facilitate decarbonization.

Lessons from international experiences will be shared, emphasizing the importance of strategic planning to mitigate social and economic disruptions during coal transitions. Furthermore, the webinar will provide a bottom-up perspective, amplifying the voices and viewpoints of marginalized communities, and highlighting the transformative role of empowered local governance structures. By synthesizing these diverse perspectives, this webinar aims to foster a comprehensive understanding of the governance, policy, and community dimensions that are indispensable for achieving a just energy transition in India.

This webinar is organized by the Centre for Development and Environment Policy at the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta (IIM-C) in collaboration with the International Institute for Sustainable Development, as part of the Building Roadmaps for Industrial Decarbonisation and Green Economy (BRIDGE) initiative. BRIDGE aspires to bring experts together to discuss India’s changing energy landscape. Comprising four webinars, the BRIDGE Initiative Webinar Series on Coal Transition focuses on the role of coal in a sustainable energy mix.

Agenda

Welcome

Setting the Context

Runa Sarkar, Professor, IIM Calcutta

Panel Discussion

Saon Ray, Visiting Professor, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations

Simran Grover, Founder and CEO, Centre for Energy, Environment and People

Vinuta Gopal, Co-Founder and CEO, Asar Social Impact Advisors

Madhura Joshi, Senior Associate, E3G India

Q&A

Wrap Up

Vibhuti Garg, Director, South Asia, Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis

 

Webinar details