Budgeting for India’s Energy Transition
Analyzing public financial flows in India and their impacts on the energy transition
In recent years, India has positioned itself as an international climate leader, calling for global renewable energy capacity to rise while also funding decarbonization measures to decouple its fast-growing economy from greenhouse gas emissions and reach net-zero targets.
However, considerable challenges remain, particularly in reducing fossil fuel dependency, supporting new and renewable energy sources, and ensuring a just energy transition.
IISD work highlights both progress and further reforms that are needed as India aims to achieve 50% of electricity generation from non-fossil sources by 2030 and hit net-zero by 2070.
Energy Inventories
Mapping India’s Energy Policy 2026
India’s energy subsidies are shifting as demand grows, prices fluctuate, and support moves across electricity, liquefied petroleum gas, transport, and clean energy.
Mapping India's Energy Policy 2025
Mapping India's Energy Policy 2025 gathers the latest available data on energy-related government support and revenues in India, including fiscal year 2023–2024.
Budgeting for Net Zero: Powering India's reliable clean energy future
This report assesses the cost competitiveness of firm and dispatchable renewable energy (FDRE) relative to new thermal power in India through 2050, any government support needed to accelerate FDRE uptake as the cost-effective generation option, and the macroeconomic implications of scaling FDRE.
Mapping India's State-Level Energy Transition
Carefully aligning state support and revenues with India's net-zero future can drive coal-rich states like Chhattisgarh toward clean energy and growth.
Budgeting for Net Zero
This study estimates the cost gap for battery energy storage systems (BESSs), offshore wind, solar photovoltaic (PV), electric vehicles (EVs), and green hydrogen (GH2) to inform government support.
Mapping India's Energy Policy 2023
Mapping India's Energy Policy 2023 is the latest publication in a series of annual updates on government support for energy in India that includes critical data on energy subsidies and taxation.
Mapping India's Energy Policy 2022 (Update)
This study gathers and analyzes data on Indian government support for fossil fuels and clean energy for fiscal years 2014–2022.
Mapping India's Energy Subsidies 2021: Time for renewed support to clean energy
This report estimates India's energy subsidies over seven years and analyzes the implications for national clean energy targets.
Mapping India's Energy Subsidies 2020: Fossil fuels, renewables and electric vehicles
How have India’s energy subsidy policies changed? What have been the most significant developments in India’s dynamic energy policy environment? And is public support aligned with India’s desired energy future?
Media Coverage
India's clean energy support rises, but public finances still locked into fossil fuels: Report
"India's budget shows encouraging signs of a gradual shift toward clean energy, but larger public financial flows reveal a deeper issue," says IISD's Swasti Raizada.
Clean energy subsidies jump 31% to Rs 32,000 crore in 2023-24, but PSU capex still flows to fossil fuels: IISD
Public investment patterns risk locking in carbon-intensive infrastructure, finds report.
Firm and dispatchable renewables emerge as an increasingly competitive source of reliable power, study shows
A new IISD report reveals that solar, wind, and battery storage are increasingly cost competitive with new thermal as a source of 24/7 reliable power, offering a promising pathway that supports both India's energy security and the country's net-zero goals.
Opinion | From COP30 To 2030: India’s Path To Reliable Clean Power With FDRE
Firm and dispatchable renewable energy offers a pathway to reliable, clean power in India.
Chhattisgarh's fossil fuel subsidies 4x more than clean energy support: Report
Chhattisgarh's energy sector received more than INR 16,672 crore in government support in FY2024—but subsidies and investments for fossil fuels were four times higher than those for renewable energy, finds a new IISD report.
Chhattisgarh Chief Minister unveils IISD–Swaniti Initiative Report
Researchers from IISD and the Swaniti Initiative meet with Chief Minister Vishnu Deo Sai to discuss recent studies on India's state level energy transition.
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