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IISD publishes objective, independent, high-quality research—this includes reports, briefs, guides, and other materials covering sustainable development themes.
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Comparative Analysis of the Existing Criteria, Principles, and Safeguards for the Implementation of Nature-Based Solutions
This background note analyzes the similarities, differences, and gaps of the International Union for Conservation of Nature Global Standard for Nature-based Solutions and the Convention on Biological Diversity Voluntary Guidelines for the Design and Effective Implementation of Ecosystem-based Approaches for Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction.
UNI2 Microcrédito, a Microfinance Organisation Serving Rural and Farming Communities in Colombia
This case study analyzes the extent to which UNI2 supports compliance with international standards for responsible investment through its financing of companies associated with agricultural value chains.
Unpacking the European Union Deforestation Regulation
This explainer breaks down European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) requirements, provides an overview of steps that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) must take to ensure compliance, and highlights the role of voluntary sustainability standards (VSSs) as a tool to support compliance.
Model Contracts for Agricultural Investments | IISD Best Practices Bulletin #3
This bulletin promotes model investment contracts in agriculture, outlining benefits for governments and guidance for creating country-specific templates.
IISD Submission to the United Kingdom Consultation on Building the North Sea's Energy Future
The British government has invited input on its vision for the North Sea's clean energy future. This is the International Institute for Sustainable Development's (IISD's) response to the consultation.
Options for International Agreements on Fossil Fuel Subsidies
This report presents six building blocks for any international agreement on fossil fuel subsidies identifying a series of options and choices for negotiators to consider.
How Reforming the European Union's Public Procurement Directive Can Help Drive a Green Transition
This policy brief explains how reforming European Union (EU) public procurement rules can drive climate action and strengthen Europe's competitiveness.
April 2025 | Carbon Minefields Oil and Gas Exploration Monitor
Last month, a total of 23 oil and gas exploration licences were awarded across five countries. Israel awarded licences with the largest volume of embodied emissions.
Cities in Transition
This research shows the critical role of urban planning to reduce emissions and build low-carbon, livable communities.
Debt Relief for Resilience
The report introduces the Debt for Resilience (D4R) initiative, a new approach to debt relief for International Development Association–eligible countries that redefines current debt vulnerabilities as structural balance of payments pressures—rather than mere liquidity issues—offering targeted debt reduction and policy support to safeguard economic stability and enable long-term development investments.