Critical Minerals, Responsible Supply Chains, and Sustainable Governance—China and Indonesia in Focus

Global demand for critical minerals is projected to quadruple by 2040, largely driven by green and digital technologies. This shift is accelerating mining and processing projects worldwide while increasing environmental and social pressures on supply chains. As countries seek to maximize benefits from their mineral resources, strengthening environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices must be a priority.

China dominates global critical mineral refining with an average 70% market share, meaning its overseas corporate operations significantly shape global ESG outcomes. At the same time, Indonesia has emerged as the world’s leading nickel producer, drawing substantial international investment to its processing sector.

This two-part side event at the Indonesia Critical Minerals Conference 2026 examines these dynamics through two complementary lenses: 

1. the governance frameworks needed to ensure Indonesia's mineral wealth translates into sustainable development
2. the ESG practices of Chinese companies in global supply chains.

Part 1: Advancing Indonesia’s Critical Minerals Strategy for Sustainable Growth

1:00 pm – 2:35 pm WIB

This session presents findings from IISD’s upcoming report on Indonesia’s critical minerals strategy, focusing on the nickel value chain, mining governance and ESG implementation, and the country’s evolving EV battery manufacturing policy. However, for growth to be sustainable, it must be inclusive and equitable.

The discussion will examine how Indonesia can align industrial development and growing critical mineral demand with stronger sustainability standards, governance frameworks, and inclusive economic development.

Part 2: ESG Standards and Practices of Chinese Companies in Critical Minerals Supply Chains

3:00 pm – 5:00 pm WIB

The session presents new research on how Chinese enterprises operating across global critical mineral supply chains approach ESG management, using Indonesia’s nickel sector as a case study. It compares China’s ESG frameworks with international sustainability standards and explores challenges related to responsible business conduct and supply chain due diligence abroad. 

The session also features a panel discussion with representatives from Harita Nickel; the China Chamber of Commerce for Metals, Minerals and Chemicals Importers and Exporters (CCCMC); the Association of Indonesian Mining Professionals; and Publish What You Pay Indonesia.

Attendance is free of charge. Participants must register as visitors through the Indonesia Critical Minerals Conference & Expo 2026 to access the venue.