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IISD Trade and Sustainability Review, July 2025

This edition of the IISD Trade and Sustainability Review explores how Latin America, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), the rest of Africa, and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries are responding to U.S. tariffs and global trade tensions, highlighting challenges from China's economic shifts, energy market volatility, and strategic diplomacy against the need to build resilience in emerging markets.

Deep Dive July 28, 2025

MENA at the Crossroads

Yara Aziz explores how MENA's seemingly low direct exposure to U.S. tariffs conceals deeper risks from global trade disruptions, energy market instability, and geopolitical tensions that could challenge the region’s traditional non-alignment amid rising U.S.–China competition.

Policy Analysis July 28, 2025

How Africa Is Responding to U.S. Tariff Policies

Kholofelo Kugler and Tani Washington explore how African countries are responding to a new U.S. tariff regime, highlighting uneven economic impacts and calling for a coordinated continental strategy to protect trade and integration goals.

Policy Analysis July 28, 2025

How can a vast electrification drive benefit East Africa?

Mission 300 must avoid loans with harsh terms and focus on distributed renewables to reach remote areas.

IISD in the news July 28, 2025

Historic International Court of Justice Opinion Confirms States’ Climate Obligations

The International Court of Justice has delivered its much-anticipated advisory opinion on states’ obligations to tackle climate change, confirming that international law requires states to prevent significant harm to the climate—and failure to do so can trigger legal responsibility.

Deep Dive July 28, 2025

U.S. Tariffs Hit Latin America Hard—China's Policy Response May Matter Even More

Liliana Rojas-Suarez and Ignacio Albe highlight how U.S. tariffs impact Latin America while underscoring that China's policy reaction and economic health may present an even greater challenge for the region’s growth and stability.

Policy Analysis July 28, 2025

Ring-Fencing Mining Income

The IGF's new toolkit offers practical guidance on when and how governments can use ring-fencing rules, drawing on the experiences of resource-rich countries.

Report July 25, 2025

A Guide to the Global Agreement to End Plastic Pollution

An insider's guide to global talks for a treaty to tackle plastic pollution from the Earth Negotiations Bulletin team.

Guide July 25, 2025

What Does the First Global Stocktake Mean for the National Adaptation Plan Process?

This report summarizes the key messages on adaptation from the outcomes of the first global stocktake and provides recommendations and actionable steps on how countries can implement the decisions as part of their national adaptation plan (NAP) processes.

Report July 24, 2025

July 2025 | Carbon Minefields Oil and Gas Exploration Monitor

Last month, governments across five countries granted 55 new oil and gas exploration licences, locking in reserves whose eventual combustion would unleash roughly 382.4 MtCO2.

Newsletter July 24, 2025

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