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Recommendations to Strengthen the First Draft of the Fourth Financing for Development Conference Outcome Document

This document outlines key recommendations from the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) to inform negotiators ahead of the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development (FfD4), taking place June 30–July 3, 2025, in Seville, Spain. As the global community confronts urgent financing challenges for sustainable development, climate, and nature, IISD draws on its interdisciplinary expertise to propose actionable solutions that align financial systems with the needs of people and the planet. These recommendations aim to support a more integrated, equitable, and effective global financing framework.

Report May 29, 2025

International Trade and Investment Agreements and Sustainable Critical Minerals Supply

This report seeks to assess the current state of play by examining the body of trade and investment agreements.

Report April 7, 2025

Reforming Environmentally Harmful Subsidies

This playbook offers a strategic framework for philanthropic organizations to understand, engage, and advance environmentally harmful subsidies reform as a critical avenue for sustainable environmental and economic transformation.

Report February 11, 2025

Border Carbon Adjustments: Priorities for international cooperation

This IISD policy brief looks into border carbon adjustment design elements that are priorities for international cooperation, as well as the possible venues, formats, and shapes that such a discussion might take.

Brief August 29, 2023

The WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies: A Reader's Guide

This guide provides a clear overview of the World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies, explaining succinctly the rules and provisions that the treaty establishes.

Guide March 8, 2023

A Draft World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies: What's on the table?

World Trade Organization (WTO) members hope to conclude a deal to curb harmful fisheries subsidies in June. This update provides an overview of the draft agreement and highlights how it attempts to find balance among various priorities and considerations.

Brief May 17, 2022

WTO Negotiations on Fisheries Subsidies Update: What's the state of play?

This update provides an overview of the key questions that WTO Members will need to answer in the final phase of negotiations on fisheries subsidies.

Brief June 3, 2021

IISD Trade and Sustainability Review, Volume 1, Issue 1, November 2020

This inaugural edition of IISD's Trade and Sustainability Review features analytical pieces and commentaries on a series of topics at the forefront of the trade and sustainability discussion, from subsidy reform efforts at the World Trade Organization to the impact of COVID-19 on export markets.

Newsletter November 16, 2020

Trading Services for a Circular Economy

This report draws on survey and interviews of firms to identify the services relevant to a circular economy and how they are traded internationally.

Report October 5, 2020

Stock Take of APEC Economies’ Existing Measures on Withdrawal of Subsidies in Cases Where There Has Been a Determination of IUU Fishing

This report provides an overview of APEC economies’ existing measures on withdrawal of subsidies in cases of illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing, drawing on the voluntary responses and input of member economies

Report July 30, 2020

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