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IISD publishes objective, independent, high-quality research—this includes reports, briefs, guides, and other materials covering sustainable development themes.
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IISD Best Practices: Compensation for Expropriation
This paper analyzes the principles governing compensation for expropriation, as well as the primary methods of calculating the amount.
IISD Best Practices Series: Registration and Approval Requirements in Investment Treaties
This paper analyzes registration and approval requirements for investments in investment treaties, and examines the interpretation of such provisions by arbitral tribunals.
The Water-Energy-Food Security Nexus: Towards A Practical Planning and Decision Support Framework for Landscape Investment and Risk Management
This paper is intended to serve as a basis for discussion among experts working on the theoretical approaches and practical applications of WEF, in order to gather feedback and assist in improving approaches to integrating water, energy and food.