The Cost of Carbon Pricing: Competitiveness implications for the mining and metals industry

This report, commissioned by the International Council for Mining and Metals (ICMM), assesses how best to develop carbon pricing policies that achieve a transition to a low-carbon economy without compromising the ability of national industries to compete internationally.

The assessment is based on a survey of the current policy environment, new research quantifying the impacts of climate change policies on member companies, a series of interviews with members, and an assessment of policies based on ICMM's "principles for climate change" policy design.The geographic regions analyzed include the European Union, South Africa, Australia, Canada and the U.S., as well as subnational jurisdictions within the U.S. and Canada, namely California, Quebec and British Columbia.Four commodities are included in the analysis: iron ore, copper, aluminum and coal. These commodities encompass a range of widely produced/used outputs and a variety of extraction and production techniques in many locations across the globe.