On July 23, 2025, the International Court of Justice issued a landmark advisory opinion affirming that states have binding obligations under international law to combat climate change. The opinion confirms that international law requires states to prevent significant harm to the climate—and failure to do so can trigger legal responsibility. This historic decision is expected to impact treaty-making and investment arbitration where climate-related regulatory measures are at stake. A more detailed analysis of the advisory opinion by IISD can be found here.