Environment and Trade: A Handbook

UNEP/IISD

Table of Contents

	Subject Index Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations 1. Introduction    1.1 Global trends    1.2 Environment and trade linkages    1.3 Differing perspectives    Suggested Readings 2. International environmental management    2.1 Origins    2.2 Principles    2.3 National environmental management    2.4 Multilateral environmental agreements       2.4.1 Structure       2.4.2 The principal MEAs       2.4.3 Implementation and dispute settlement       2.4.4 Trade measures in MEAs    Suggested Readings 3. The basics of the WTO    3.1 Structure of the World Trade Organization       3.1.1 The Committee on Trade and Environment    3.2 Functions of the WTO    3.3 The core principles    3.4 The key agreements, with a special consideration of those related to the environment       3.4.1 The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 1994       3.4.2 The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade       3.4.3 The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures    3.5 Other agreements    3.6 Regional trade agreements    3.7 Dispute settlement    Suggested Readings 4. Physical and economic linkages    4.1 Product effects    4.2 Scale effects    4.3 Structural effects    Suggested Readings 5. Legal and policy linkages    5.1 Environmental standards and process and production methods    5.2 Environmental standards and competitiveness    5.3 Environmental standards, science and precaution    5.4 Ecolabelling and environmental management system certification programs       5.4.1 Ecolabels       5.4.2 Environmental management system certification       5.4.3 Ecolabels, EMS certification and international trade    5.5 Subsidies    5.6 Agriculture    5.7 Intellectual property rights       5.7.1 TRIPS and the Convention on Biological Diversity       5.7.2 TRIPS and agriculture    5.8 Investment    5.9 Government procurement    5.10 MEAs and the WTO    Suggested Readings 6. Institutional issues    6.1 Openness in trade policy-making    6.2 Environmental assessment of trade agreements    Suggested Readings 7. Environmental aspects of regional trade agreements    7.1 The North American Free Trade Agreement       7.1.1 Investment: Chapter 11       7.1.2 Standards: Chapters 7 and 9       7.1.3 International environmental agreements: Chapter 104    7.2 The European Union    7.3 Mercosur    Suggested Readings Conclusion
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© 2000 United Nations Environment Programme, International Institute for Sustainable Development