Environmental standards and PPMs

OECD. Process and production methods: Conceptual framework and considerations on use of PPM-based trade measures (OCDE/GD(97)137). Paris: OECD, 1997.

von Moltke, Konrad. "Reassessing 'like products'." Paper presented at Chatham House Conference, "Trade, Investment and the Environment," 29 & 30 October 1998.

Environmental standards and competitiveness

Jaffe, A. et al. "Environmental regulation and the competitiveness of U.S. manufacturing: What does the evidence tell us?" Journal of Economic Literature 33 (March 1995): 132-163.

UNCTAD. Opportunities and constraints of internalizing environmental costs and benefits in prices of rubber and rubber goods. Proceedings of an UNCTAD/International Rubber Study Group workshop, Manchester, UK, 13 June 1997.

Environmental standards, science and precaution

Raffensperger, Carolyn and Joel Tickner, eds. Protecting public health and the environment: Implementing the precautionary principle. Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1999.

von Moltke, Konrad. "The dilemma of the precautionary principle in international trade." Bridges 3, no. 6, (July-August 1999).

Ecolabelling and EMS certification programs

van Dyke, Brennan and Charles Arden-Clarke. ISO eco-labelling standards, the WTO and MEAs: A legal briefing examining elements of DIS 14020. Gland, Switzerland: WWF International, 1997.

IISD. Global green standards: ISO 14000 and sustainable development. Winnipeg: IISD, 1996.

Lehtonen, Markku. Criteria in environmental labelling: A comparative analysis of environmental criteria in selected labelling schemes (environment and trade series #13). Geneva: UNEP, 1997.

OECD. Eco-labelling: Actual effects of selected programmes (OCDE/GD(97)105). Paris: OECD, 1997.

UNCTAD. Report of the expert meeting on possible trade and investment impacts of environmental management standards, particularly the ISO 14000 series, on developing countries, and opportunities and needs in this context (TD/B/COM.1/10, TD/B/COM.1EM.4/3). Geneva: UNCTAD, 1997.

Zarilli, Simonetta, Veena Jha and René Vossenaar. Eco-labelling and international trade. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997.

Subsidies

IISDnet Subsidy Watch. IISD.

Meyers, Norman with Jennifer Kent. Perverse subsidies: Tax dollars undercutting our economies and environments alike. Winnipeg: IISD, 1998.

Porter, Gareth. Fisheries subsidies, overfishing and trade (environment and trade series #16). Geneva: UNEP, 1998.

Steenblik, Ronald. Previous multilateral efforts to discipline subsidies to natural resource based industries. Paper prepared for the Pacific Economic Co-operation Council Workshop on the Impact of Government Financial Transfers on Fisheries Management, Resource Sustainability, and International Trade, Manila, Philippines, 17-19 August 1998.

Agriculture

Bohman, Mary et al. The use and abuse of multifunctionality. Economic Research Services/US Department of Agriculture, November, 1999.

Government of Norway. Non-trade concerns in a multifunctional agriculture: Implications for agricultural policy and the multilateral trading system. Oslo: Ministry of Agriculture, 1998.

Murphy, Sophia. Trade and food security: An assessment of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture. London: Catholic Institute for International Relations, 1999.

WWF International. Directing WTO negotiations towards sustainable agriculture and rural development. Gland: WWF International, 1999.

Intellectual property rights

Cosbey, Aaron. Sustainable development effects of the WTO TRIPS Agreement: A focus on developing countries. Winnipeg: IISD, 1996.

Downes, David. Integrating implementation of the CBD and the rules of the WTO. Gland: IUCN, 1999.

Dutfield, Graham. Intellectual property rights, trade and biodiversity. London: Earthscan/IUCN, 1999.

South Centre. The TRIPS Agreement: A guide for the South. Geneva: South Centre, 1997.

• Main text
• Annex

Investment

South Centre. Foreign direct investment, development and the new global economic order. Geneva: South Centre, 1997.

von Moltke, Konrad. An international investment regime? Issues of sustainability. Winnipeg: IISD, forthcoming.

Ward, Halina and Duncan Brack, eds. Trade, investment and the environment. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs/Earthscan, 1999.

Government procurement

OECD. Trade issues in the greening of public purchasing (COM/TD/ENV(97)111/FINAL). Paris: OECD, 1997.

MEAs and the WTO

Brack, Duncan. "Reconciling the GATT and MEAs with trade provisions: The latest debate," Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 6, no. 2 (1997): 112-120.

Centre for International Environmental Law. "The use of trade measures in selected MEAs" (environment and trade series #10). Geneva: UNEP, 1996. (Introduction, Part 1, Part 2, Part 3).

Charnovitz, Steve. "MEAs and trade rules," Environmental Policy and Law 26, no. 4 (1996): 163-169.

OECD. Trade measures in multilateral environmental agreements: Synthesis report of three case studies (COM/ENV/TD(98)127/FINAL). Paris: OECD, 1998.

Stilwell, Matthew and Elizabeth Turk. Trade measures and multilateral environmental agreements: Resolving uncertainty and removing the WTO chill factor. Gland: WWF International, 1999.

UNEP. The use of trade measures in selected MEAs (environment and trade series #10). Geneva: UNEP, 1996.

Chapter 6: Institutional issues