In March 2025, the European Commission (EC) sent a reasoned opinion to Hungary “for undermining the Union’s position on the international stage with regard to the prohibition of intra-EU investor-State arbitrations related to the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT).” As we reported earlier, the EC had opened an infringement procedure against Hungary, caused by Hungary’s declaration regarding the effects of the Komstroy judgment of the Court of Justice of the EU (discussed here) that is, according to the EC, at odds with both the EU position and the judgment. Hungary now has two months to respond and take the requisite measures, failing that, the Commission may initiate a proceedings before the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU).