Several ECT contracting states have opted out of the provisional application of the reform of the treaty despite actively negotiating the reform for years and voting in favor of adoption at the Energy Charter Conference in December 2024. So far, Finland, Switzerland, Belgium, Lithuania, Japan, Estonia, and Liechtenstein have signaled that they would not provisionally apply the treaty. Importantly, the start date of the 10-years of additional investment protection accorded to existing fossil fuel investments under the carveout negotiated by the EU and its member states depends on provisional application or regular entry into force of the reform.