In July 2026 it emerged that ExxonMobil affiliates incorporated in Belgium, Luxembourg, and the United Kingdom have filed a notice of dispute under the Energy Charter Treaty against the European Union itself, challenging obligations under the EU’s 2024 Net-Zero Industry Act, which requires oil and gas producers to contribute to a target of 50 million tonnes of annual CO2 injection capacity by 2030. The notice triggers a three-month period for amicable settlement before arbitration can be commenced. The claim lands after the EU’s own withdrawal from the ECT took effect on June 28, 2025, exposing the reach of the treaty’s 20-year sunset clause: the Union now faces a potential claim over a central industrial decarbonization law under a treaty it has already left, and the European Commission has confirmed receipt of the notice. That a company which has publicly promoted carbon capture is contesting mandatory carbon capture obligations shows how ISDS can be turned against the very transition technologies it is said to support. The case strengthens the argument for coordinated inter se neutralization of the sunset clause, which IISD has long recommended.