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Which studies is the ACA Project research based on?

1. Common Challenges & Capacity Gaps

• A comparative analysis of Americas sub-regional environmental priorities and institutions, and their links to sub-regional and hemispheric social and economic institutions

• Appendix detailing a draft plan for ESD capacity development in the ACA Project.

2. Options & Opportunities

• A review of potential institutional co-operation mechanisms for sustainable development in the context of the Americas integration process.

• Appendix containing new recommendations for institutional cooperation on ESD issues in the Western Hemisphere.

3. Methods for the ESD Assessment

• A review of methodologies to assess the institutional capacity of international environmental cooperation agencies, and their capacity to address social and economic concerns

• Appendix suggesting a draft methodology to assess/survey institutional capacity of Americas sub-regional environmental institutions (focusing on their capacity to address social and economic concerns, and to link with social and economic processes and institutions).

4. Five Sub-Regional Assessment Reports

• Institutional capacity of the Mercosur environmental authority, its capacity to address environmental priorities, and its links to social and economic institutions and processes.

• Institutional capacity of the Andean environmental authority (CAAA), its capacity to address environmental priorities, and its links to social and economic institutions and processes.

• Institutional capacity of the Caribbean environmental authorities (CEP, CEHI and others), their capacity to address environmental priorities, and its links to social and economic institutions and processes.

• Institutional capacity of the Central American environmental authority (CCAD), its capacity to address environmental priorities, and its links to social and economic institutions and processes.

• A synthesis of existing assessments, focused on the institutional capacity of the North American environmental authority (NACEC), its capacity to address environmental priorities, and its links to social and economic institutions and processes.

5. Making the Link

• An exploration of social and environmental issues related to the FTAA negotiations, and a discussion of the level of Americas capacity to address these issues.

• Appendix listing environmental and social aspects of the FTAA negotiations, and checking them against proposed provisions in the 2004 FTAA Draft No. 3

ACA Project Bibliography

• Altmann, J., Freier, I. Trade Policy and Sustainability: The Regional Approaches (Berlin, IIEE: 2000)

• Audley, J. and Sherwin, E. Politics and Parallel Negotiations: Environment and Trade in the Western Hemisphere, Working Paper (Washington: Carnegie Endowment, 2002).

• Birnie, P. W., and A. E. Boyle. International Law and the Environment (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992)

• Blum, J. S. "The FTAA and the Fast Track to Forgetting the Environment: A Comparison of the NAFTA and the MERCOSUR Environmental Models as Examples for the Hemisphere" (Summer, 2000) 35 Tex. Int'l L.J. 435.

• Brunnee, J. and Toope, S. "Environmental Security and Freshwater Resources: Ecosystem Regime Building," American Journal of International Law 91, No. l 1 (January 1997).

• Brunnée, J. & Toope, S.J. "International Law and Constructivism: Elements of an Inter-actional Theory of International Law" (2000) 39(1) Col. J. Trans'l. Law 19.

• Charnovitz, S. "Trade and Environment: Next Steps" in Trade and Environment: the International Debate, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Latin American Economic System, (Caracas: UNCTAD / SELA, 1995).

• Commission for Environmental Cooperation, "Environmental Management Systems and Compliance: Report to the Council of the Commission for Environmental Cooperation on Results and Recommendations Pursuant to Council Resolution 97-05," in North American Environmental Law and Policy (Cowansville: Yvon Blais, 1998).

• Cordonier Segger, M.C. "Developing Environmental Connectivity: Toward a Strengthened Americas Environmental Cooperation Agenda" with Ana Karina Gonzales, Nicola Borregaard & Maria Leichner, Briefing Paper for the Meeting of Americas Environment Ministers, Montreal, March 2001 (Montreal: IISD / ECOS / CEMDA, 2001).

• Cordonier Segger, M.C. et al. Beyond the Barricades: An Americas Trade and Sustainability Agenda (Bloomfield: Kumarian Press, 2004)

• Cordonier Segger, M.C. "Regional Integration Accords and Sustainability" Royal Institute of International Affairs Conference Papers for Trade, Investment and Sustainability: Which Way Now for the WTO? Conference (London: RIIA, 2000).

• Cordonier Segger, M.C. & M. Leichner"Strengthening Ecological Cooperation in the Americas", Briefing Paper for the XIII Meeting of Environment Ministers of Latin America and the Caribbean (Rio de Janiero: IISD / ECOS / CEMDA, 2001), available online: http://www.iisd.ca

• Cordonier Segger, M.C. et al., "Trade, Sustainable Development and Civil Society in the Free Trade Area of the Americas: How To Make the Link" Briefing Paper from Openness, Sustainability and the FTAA Workshop in October, 1999, Ottawa (Ottawa: IISD / FOCAL / ECOS, 1999).

• Cordonier Segger, M.C., M. Gehring & A. Khalfan, "Strengthening Environmental Governance & Law for Global Sustainable Development" Legal Brief for the IV Meeting of the Open-ended Intergovernmental Group of Ministers or their Representatives on International Environmental Governance, December 2001, Montreal (Montreal: CISDL, 2001).

• Cordonier Segger, M.C. et al., "Subsidiarity and Diversity in Americas Environment Regimes" Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Spring 2002.

• Cordonier Segger, M.C. et al., Social Rules and Sustainability in the Americas (Winnipeg: IISD / OAS, 2004).

• Cordonier Segger, M.C. et al., Ecological Rules and Sustainability in the Americas (Winnipeg: IISD / UNEP, 2002).

• Cordonier Segger, M.C. et al., Trade Rules and Sustainability in the Americas (Winnipeg: IISD / UNEP, 1999).

• Cordonier Segger, M.C. & Khalfan, A. Sustainable Development Law: Principles, Practices & Prospects (Oxford: OUP, 2004).

• Cosbey, A. ed. Environment and Trade: The Handbook (Geneva: UNEP / IISD, 2001).

• Cragg, W. Prosperity and Business Ethics — The Case for Corporate Social Responsibility in the Americas Policy Paper (Ottawa: FOCAL, 2001).

• Dannenmaier, E. Environmental Security and Governance in the Americas Policy Paper (Ottawa: FOCAL, 2001).

• Decleris, M. The Law of Sustainable Development (Brussels: European Commission, 2000).

• Dinerstein, E., D. M. Olson, D. J. Graham, A. L. Webster, S. A. Primm, M. P. Bookbinder, and G. Ledec, A Conservation Assessment of the Terrestrial Eco-regions of Latin America and the Caribbean (Washington: WWF-World Bank, 1995).

• Esty, D. & C. Deere, eds., Greening the Americas (Boston: MIT Press, 2002).

• Esty, D. "Toward Optimal Environmental Governance" Vol 74 No. 6 New York University Law Review Dec 1999.

• Esty, D. and M. R. Chertow, eds., Thinking Ecologically: The Next Generation of Environmental Policy (1997)

• Esty, D. Greening the GATT: Trade, Environment and the Future (Washington: IIE, 1994)

• Esty, D. "Revitalising Environmental Federalism" 95 Mich. L. Rev. 570 (1996)

• FAO Legal Office, Law and Sustainable Development since Rio: Legal trends in agriculture and natural resource management, Legislative Study 73 (Rome: FAO, 2002).

• Gray, M.A. "The United Nations Environment Programme: An Assessment" 20 Envtl. L. 297 – 315 (1990)

• Hudson, S. "Trade, environment and the pursuit of sustainable development." International Trade and the Environment. World Bank Discussion Paper No. 159. Ed. Low, P. (Washington: World Bank, 1992) p. 55.

• Hurrell, A., and B. Kingsbury "The International Politics of the Environment: An Introduction", in A.

• Hurrell and B. Kingsbury, eds. The International Politics of the Environment: Actors, Interests, and Institutions (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992).

• ICTSD "Comercio y medio ambiente en los acuerdos regionales" (Junio – Julio Agosto 1999) Puentes Entre el Comercio y el Desarollo Sostenible Vol. 2 No. 1, International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 1999.

• Ivanova, M. and Esty, D. Global Environmental Governance (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002)

• Katz de Barrera-Hernandez, L. and Lucas, A. "Environmental Law in Latin America and the Caribbean: Overview and Assessment" Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, Vol. 12:207 (1999).

• Leff, E. & M. Munos, eds. "Ecosystems, Trade and Sustainability in the Americas: Sustainable Development Opportunities in the FTAA and Americas Summits Agenda" in Trade, Environment and Sustainable Development: Latin American and Caribbean Perspectives (Mexico City: UNEP, 2001).

• Mackay, D. R. Challenges Confronting the Free Trade Area of the Americas Policy Paper (Ottawa: FOCAL, 2002).

• Mcgormick, D. "Sustainable development and human rights: An integrated conception." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 45, (October, 1996).

• McGraw, D. Coherence, Coordination and Cooperation: International Environmental Governance Working Paper (Ottawa: Environment Canada, 2002).

• Muñoz, H. and R. Rosenberg, eds., Difficult Liaison. Trade and the Environment in the Americas (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1993).

• Palmer, G. "New Ways to Make International Environmental Law" 86 Am. J. Int'l L. 259, 263 (1992)

• Robb, C. ed., Trade and Environment: International Environmental Law Reports Vol 2, (Cambridge: CUP, 2001).

• Rogers, K. and Moore, J. "Revitalizing the Convention on Nature Protection and Wild Life Preservation in the West Hemisphere: Might Awakening a Visionary but Sleeping Treaty Be the Key to Preserving Biodiversity and Threatened Natural Areas in the Americas?" Harvard International Law Journal. Vol. 36, No. 2, Spring 1995.

• Tarasovsky, R., From Marrakesh to Singapore, Trade and Environment Issues in the WTO (Bonn: IUCN, 1999).

• Timoshenko, A. Dispute Avoidance and Dispute Settlement in International Environmental Law (Nairobi: UNEP, 2001).

• Tramhel, J. M.E., "Free Trade in the Americas: A Perspective from the Organization of American States" (1997) Symposium: International Law in the Americas- Rethinking National Sovereignty in an Age of Regional Integration 19 Hous. J. Int'l L 595.

• UNEP, Decision-making process of MEAs (UNEP/IGM/4/5)

• UNEP, Global Environmental Outlook (GEO) 2000 Report (Nairobi: UNEP, 2000).

• UNEP, Implementing the Clustering Strategy for MEAs (UNEP/IGM/4/4)

• UNEP, Inter-Agency Technical Committee of the Forum of Ministers of the Environment of Latin America and the Caribbean, Twelfth Forum of Ministers of the Environment of Latin America and the Caribbean Bridgetown, Barbados, 2^nd to 7^th March 2000, Preparatory Meeting of Experts 2^nd to 3^rd March 2000, UNEP/LAC-IGWG.XII/TD.6 1 February, 2000, Original: Spanish.

• UNEP, International Environmental Governance: MEAs (UNEP/IGM/4/INF/3: Advance Copy)

• UNEP, Legal status of GMEF (UNEP/IGM/INF/5/Rev.1)

• UNEP, MEAs: A Policy Paper (UNEP/IGM/2/4) UNEP, International Environmental Governance: MEAs (UNEP/IGM/2/INF/3)

• UNEP, Multilateral Environment Agreements (UNEP/IGM/INF3_MEA_Add)

• UNEP, Proposal for a Systematic Approach to Coordination of Multilateral Environmental Agreements Open-Ended Intergovernmental Group of Ministers or their Representatives on International Environmental Governance, Second Meeting, Bonn, Germany, 17 July 2001 UNEP/IGM/2/5 July 2001

• UNEP, Questions Raised on International Environmental Governance (UNEP/IGM/2/CRP.1)

• UNEP, Report of the Environmental Management Group, second meeting (UNEP/IGM/2/INF/4)

• UNEP, Summary of selected papers (UNEP/IGM/1/INF/2)

• Vaughan, S. and Dehlavi, A. 'Policy Effectiveness and Multilateral Environmental Agreements', UNEP Environment and Trade Series, (Geneva: UNEP, 1998).

• Vogler, J. The global commons: A regime analysis (West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1995)

• von Moltke, K. "International environmental management, trade regimes and sustainability." International Institute for Sustainable Development. (Winnipeg: IISD, 1996).

• von Moltke, K., P. Stedman-Edwards, et al.. The Private Sector in Latin America: Implications for the Environment and Sustainable Development (Washington: World Wildlife Fund, 1998)

• von Moltke, K., O. Kuik, et al. Global Product Chains: Northern Consumers, Southern Producers, and Sustainability (Geneva: United Nations Environment Programme, 1998).

• von Moltke, K. On Clustering International Environmental Agreements: Working Paper for Government of France (Winnipeg: IISD, 2001).

• von Moltke, K. The Organization of the Impossible: Working Paper (Winnipeg: IISD, 2001).

• von Moltke, K. Whither MEAs? The role of international environmental management in the trade and environment agenda: Working Paper (Winnipeg: IISD, 2001).

• von Moltke, K. "International Civil Society: A World of Regimes and Governance" J.Theys, ed., L'environnment au XXIe siècle. Vol. 1: Les Enjeux. (Paris: GERMES, 1998).

• von Moltke, K., O. Young, "The Consequences of International Environmental Regimes. Report from the Barcelona Workshop" International Environmental Affairs vol. 6 no. 4 (Fall 1994).

• von Moltke, K. "Trade and Environment: An Uneasy Relationship," Murray G. Smith, ed., International Trade and Sustainable Development (Ottawa: Centre for Trade Policy and Law, 1995).

• von Moltke, K. "How Can the Trade and Environment Agenda be Revived?" in S. Aga Khan, ed., Policing the Global Economy. Why, How and for Whom? (London: Cameron May Ltd., 1998).

• von Moltke, K. "Trade, Sustainable Development and Commodity Markets" A. Fijalkowski and J. Cameron, eds., Trade and the Environment: Bridging the Gap (London: Cameron May Ltd., 1998).

• Ward, H. "Common but differentiated debates: Environment, labour and the world trade organization." International and Comparative law Quarterly 6, (July, 1996)

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