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GSI publishes high-quality research including reports, articles, infographics, policy briefs, technical manuals, videos and more.

Explore our resources that focus on subsidies and sustainable development.

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Reports: Coal and Renewables in China

The cost to society of coal use includes the financial cost of providing subsidies to the coal industry in addition to the cost of externalities. This report explores the cost of coal in terms of subsidies and externalities and discusses the extent to which coal subsidies act as a barrier to the development of renewable energy. It finds that China is supporting the coal industry through the provision of billions of dollars’ worth of subsidies to consumers and producers. In addition to the financial cost, these subsidies increase the consumption of coal, producing externalities including air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.

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Reports: Tackling Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Climate Change: Levelling the energy playing field

Subsidies for the consumption of fossil fuels were estimated at US$550 billion in 2013, according to the International Energy Agency. This report by IISD and the Nordic Council of Ministers modeled the impact of removing fossil fuel subsidies in 20 countries between 2015 and 2020. The results show that this alone would reduce national emissions, against business as usual, by an average of 11 per cent. By taking 30 per cent of subsidy savings, and investing in renewable energy and energy efficiency, national emissions are reduced further to an average of 18 per cent by 2020. The report also includes case studies of reform in the Philippines, Morocco and Jordan.

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Reports: G20 subsidies to oil, gas and coal production: Turkey

Jointly prepared by IISD, OCI and ODI, this country study and accompanying data sheet compiles publicly available information on fossil fuel production subsidies in Turkey in 2013 and 2014. It is a background paper to the report Empty promises: G20 subsidies to oil, gas and coal production and provides a baseline to track progress on the phase-out of such subsidies as part of a wider global energy transition.

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Reports: G20 subsidies to oil, gas and coal production: South Africa

Jointly prepared by IISD, OCI and ODI, this country study and accompanying data sheet compiles publicly available information on fossil fuel production subsidies in South Africa in 2013 and 2014. It is a background paper to the report Empty promises: G20 subsidies to oil, gas and coal production and provides a baseline to track progress on the phase-out of such subsidies as part of a wider global energy transition.

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Reports: G20 subsidies to oil, gas and coal production: Russia

Jointly prepared by IISD, OCI and ODI, this country study and accompanying data sheet compiles publicly available information on fossil fuel production subsidies in Russia in 2013 and 2014. It is a background paper to the report Empty promises: G20 subsidies to oil, gas and coal production and provides a baseline to track progress on the phase-out of such subsidies as part of a wider global energy transition.

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