{"id":420,"date":"2016-06-20T15:30:33","date_gmt":"2016-06-20T19:30:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.iisd.org\/toolkits\/sustainability-toolkit-for-trade-negotiators\/?page_id=420"},"modified":"2016-08-31T21:35:03","modified_gmt":"2016-09-01T01:35:03","slug":"4-1-2-protecting-biodiversity","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.iisd.org\/toolkits\/sustainability-toolkit-for-trade-negotiators\/4-trade-provisions\/4-1-intellectual-property-rights\/4-1-2-protecting-biodiversity\/","title":{"rendered":"4.1.2 Protecting Biodiversity"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The Nagoya Protocol to the Convention on Biological Diversity<sup>12<\/sup> is aimed at fleshing out the Convention\u2019s provisions on what is called access and benefit sharing: the state obligations on access to their genetic resources, and obligations on those using that material to share the benefits derived from it. The ultimate objective of those provisions is to better protect biological diversity by providing powerful incentives to preserve it.<\/p>\n<p>To fully support the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol, trade agreements\u2019 IPRs provisions would mandate that domestic patent law should demand, as part of the application process, to know the origin of any genetic material used as a basis for innovation, and demand certification that it was obtained in accordance with the Protocol\u2019s provisions (i.e., that it was obtained after prior informed consent and on mutually agreeable terms negotiated with the host government and\/or traditional knowledge holders from whence it came). Where these conditions are found to have not been met, domestic law should provide for appropriate penalties, including possibly revocation of the patent.<\/p>\n<p>Without these requirements, domestic patent authorities have no way of knowing whether applicants have in fact acted in accordance with the Nagoya Protocol provisions, and have no recourse if it is found that they have not.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Nagoya Protocol to the Convention on Biological Diversity12 is aimed at fleshing out the Convention\u2019s provisions on what is called access and benefit sharing: the state obligations on access to their genetic resources, and obligations on those using that material to share the benefits derived from it. The ultimate objective of those provisions is<a class=\"excerpt-read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iisd.org\/toolkits\/sustainability-toolkit-for-trade-negotiators\/4-trade-provisions\/4-1-intellectual-property-rights\/4-1-2-protecting-biodiversity\/\" title=\"Read4.1.2 Protecting Biodiversity\">&#8230; Read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":408,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"3"},"class_list":["post-420","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iisd.org\/toolkits\/sustainability-toolkit-for-trade-negotiators\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/420","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iisd.org\/toolkits\/sustainability-toolkit-for-trade-negotiators\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iisd.org\/toolkits\/sustainability-toolkit-for-trade-negotiators\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iisd.org\/toolkits\/sustainability-toolkit-for-trade-negotiators\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iisd.org\/toolkits\/sustainability-toolkit-for-trade-negotiators\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=420"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.iisd.org\/toolkits\/sustainability-toolkit-for-trade-negotiators\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/420\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iisd.org\/toolkits\/sustainability-toolkit-for-trade-negotiators\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iisd.org\/toolkits\/sustainability-toolkit-for-trade-negotiators\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=420"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}