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IISD Trade and Sustainability Review, Volume 1, Issue 1, November 2020

This inaugural edition of IISD's Trade and Sustainability Review features analytical pieces and commentaries on a series of topics at the forefront of the trade and sustainability discussion, from subsidy reform efforts at the World Trade Organization to the impact of COVID-19 on export markets.
Newsletter November 16, 2020

Code Shift: The environmental significance of the 2022 amendments to the Harmonized System

This report explains how recent amendments to the harmonized coding system used to track international merchandise trade will help improve the monitoring of trade in both environmentally sensitive products and environmental goods.
Report May 4, 2020

Measuring Fossil Fuel Subsidies in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals

This report provides methodological guidance for measuring fossil fuel subsidies in the context of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator 12.c.1: “Amount of fossil fuel subsidies per unit of GDP (production and consumption)”.
Report May 22, 2019

Subsidy Estimation: A survey of current practice

One of the key challenges of subsidy reform is a lack of consistent, internationally-comparable data. Information and guidance on how to measure subsidies is incomplete. As a first step towards developing internationally-agreed upon subsidy estimation methods and best practice, the GSI has…
Report June 27, 2010

A New Template for Notifying Subsidies to the WTO

The GSI's proposed template for WTO subsidy notifications is designed to address some of the problems inherent in the notification format that contribute to poor compliance. For example, under the current format, it is not clear whether the absence of subsidies is because they do not exist, or…
Report April 21, 2010

Biofuels - At What Cost? Government support for ethanol and biodiesel in Canada

This report provides an in-depth analysis of government support to biofuels in Canada, including a comprehensive quantification of the amount of public money spent on supporting biofuels. The report finds a growing array of subsidy programs at the federal, provincial, and even municipal levels that…
Report April 26, 2009

Biofuels at what cost – Government support for ethanol and biodiesel in Australia

This report on government subsidies for biofuels in Australia by the Global Subsidies Initiative of the IISD finds the Australian government spent A$95 million on supporting biofuel production and consumption in 2006-07. The Global Subsidies Initiative analyzes government subsidies and the ways in…
Report April 11, 2008

Biofuels - At What Cost? Government support for ethanol and biodiesel in the European Union

The GSI report, "Biofuels at What Cost? Government Support for Ethanol and Biodiesel in the European Union", questions the rationale behind the very large sums of money being invested in support of this particular form of energy. Subsidies and other forms of government support are strongly…
Report October 5, 2007

Biofuels - At What Cost? Government support for ethanol and biodiesel in selected OECD countries

A synthesis of reports addressing subsidies for biofuels in Australia, Canada, the European Union, Switzerland and the United States from the Global Subsidies Initiative of IISD.
Report September 26, 2007

Biofuels: At What Cost? Government support for ethanol and biodiesel in Switzerland

Report on government support for biofuels in Switzerland by the Global Subsidies Initiative of IISD.
Report September 26, 2007
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