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Selected Sources…..Rights and Responsibilities of Sustainable Development

Compiled by Marlene Roy and Jeffrey Turner - Information for Sustainable Development Project

Published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development

Books and Articles

Adams, Patricia. Probe International. Governments must start respecting the environmental rights of their people if the environment is to be protected : striking a balance - the environment and development in Latin America and the Caribbean. Toronto: Probe International, 1990. 4 p.

Conference: Seminar on Global Development and the Environment (1990: Montreal, Canada)

Agarwal, Anil, Narain, Sunita. Towards a green world: should global environmental management be built on legal conventions or human rights? New Delhi: Centre for Science and Environment, 1992. 204 p.: ill.

Contents: Global environmental governance in a world of inequality and poverty (Ozone Treaty, Basel Convention, Climate Convention, Biodiversity Convention, Forest Convention); Greening of aid, trade and debt: policing the Third World's environment; Western green politics: asserting participatory democracy without global equity; State of the South: degraded lands and desperate finances; Action framework: building blocks for global environmental democracy.

Anderson, Nancy W. (ed). Agenda 21 [twenty-one]: moving into the 21st [twenty-first] century: a record of proceedings... March 20-21, 1993. Medford, MA: Tufts University, 1993. 223 p.

Conference: New England Environment Conference on Agenda 21 (1993 : Medford, MA)

Contents: (Selected): The corporate response to Agenda 21: the Earth Summit challenge; Media coverage of environmental issues; From cold war to peace: conversion, jobs for the environment; Northern forests: a

panel discussion; Business, ethics and the environment; Indigenous rights after Rio: native peoples and sustainable development; Population issues; The environmental impacts of conventional agriculture; Greening the debate: the roles of environmentalists in elections; A world-wide network of environmental lawyers; Corporation actions to improve the environment; The urban environment: the complexity of the problems; Renewable energy and building design; Local and regional sustainable development; Citizen participation in lake protection; Watersheds and their importance; The growth of organic farming; Making universities environmentally responsible; Careers in the environmental field.

Abstract: The paper provides a record of the proceedings of the March 1993 conference on Agenda 21 organized by the New England Environmental Network.

Bauer, Jan. Report of NGO expert meeting on the mandate of the special rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences. Montreal: International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development, 1994. 45 p.

Contents: Introduction; Overview of developments leading to the appointment of the special rapporteur on violence against women; Summary of the scope of the mandate; Normative framework of the mandate of the special rapporteur; Building the mandate; Documenting violence against women; The potential for cooperative relationships.

Abstract: Summarizes oral and written commentaries provided by participants as well as points raised in general discussion.

Benjamin, Medea and Andrea Freedman. Bridging the global gap: a handbook to linking citizens of the first and third worlds: a project of Global Exchange. Washington, D.C.: Seven Locks Press, 1989. 338 p.

Contents: Travel with a purpose; Partners with people; Aid: from charity to solidarity; Championing human rights; Fair trade: buying and selling for justice; The buck stops here: consumer and corporate accountability; Government by the people; Money matters; Internationalism today and tomorrow.

Abstract: First major work on the growing internationalist movement that is focusing national attention on the interdependence of nations and on the connections between local and international struggles.

Berger, Thomas R. A long and terrible shadow: white values, native rights in the Americas 1492-1992. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 1991. 183 p.

Berkes, Fikret and Carl Folke. Linking social and ecological systems for resilience and sustainability: background paper and framework. Winnipeg: The Authors, 1994. 16 p.

Notes: Place of publication assumed

Conference: Property Rights and the Performance of Natural Resource Systems Subproject 9 Workshop (1994 : Stockholm, Sweden)

Beversluis, Joel D. (ed) A sourcebook for Earth's community of religions. Grand Rapids, Michigan: CoNexus Press, 1995. 366 p.

Contents: Making the connections; African traditional religions; The Baha'i faith; Buddhism; Christianity; Confucianism; First Peoples and native traditions; Hinduism; Humanism; Islam; Jainism; Judaism;

Shinto; Sikhism; Spiritual, esoteric and evolutionary philosophies; Taoism; The Unification Church; Wicca and nature spirituality; Zoroastrianism; Joining the sacred community; Legacies of the parliaments; The 1993 parliament of the world's religions; A global ethic; Religions united?; Toward spiritual concord; Interfaith dialogue; Facing intolerance, violence and other evils; Religions and good governance; The United Nations at 50; Earth Day, every day; Human rights and religions freedom; Hunger; Population; Values and social development; Weapons and disarmament; A culture of peace; The next generations; Women are speaking out; Science and religion; Voices of dispossessed and indigenous peoples; What do we do now?; Service organizations and resource centers; Print, audio and video resources; A global brain.

Abstract: The book presents religions, spiritual and humanistic philosophies, and indigenous views and how they can help modern societies resolve global issues such as environmental destruction, population pressures, hunger and interreligious conflict. It contains more than 300 articles, essays and quotations and nearly 400 resource listings.

Bhaskar, V. and Andrew Glyn. The north, the south and the environment: ecological constraints and the global economy. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd., 1995. 263 p.

Contents: Introduction; Environmental sustainability and the growth of GDP: conditions for compatibility (Ekins and Jacobs); Northern growth and environmental constraints (Glyn); Can the north stop consumption growth? Escaping the cycle of work and spend (Amalric); Population growth and the environmental crisis: beyond the "obvious" (Bhaskar); Distributive justice and the control of global warming (Bhaskar); Enclosing the global commons: global environmental negotiations in a north-south conflictual approach (Lipietz); Environmental policies and north-south trade: a selected survey of the issues (Sen); The Korean model of development and its environmental implications (You); National development and local environmental action - the case of the River Narmada (Sen); Economics and ecosystems: the case of Zimbabwean peasant households (Cavendish); Development after ecology (Sutcliffe).

Abstract: This book analyses the impact of environmental constraints on the patterns of development in both the North and the South, and on the relations between the two. Current inequalities in the distribution of income, resource use and consumption mean that constraints will have very different implications around the world. Experts from the North and the South assess the kinds of economic institutions, government policies and international arrangements which are needed in order to achieve sustainable development in

both the industrial and developing world, and a just and economically viable relationship between them.

Blackburn, J. Walton and Willa Marie Bruce (eds). Mediating environmental conflicts: theory and practice. Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 1995. 309 p.

Contents: Introduction; Mediation and the new environmental agenda (Reed); Environmental mediation: what do we know and how do we know it? (O'Leary); Mediating environmental disputes: borrowing ideas from a law and economics perspective (Maida); Training environmental mediators: a community-based approach (Allen); Midwest energy utilities (Dworkin and Jordan); The problems of designing environmental mediation for small communities (Klase); Beyond the limits: dispute resolutions of intractable environmental conflicts (Burgess and Burgess); Evaluating ADR as an approach to citizen participation in siting a low-level nuclear waste facility (Clary and Hornney); Negotiating community consensus in preparing environmental impact statements (Richardson); Consensus building to write environmentally responsive rules for Maine's new transportation policy (Bogdonoff); The ethics of environmental mediation (Stephens et al); Assuring justice in cross-cultural environmental mediation (Blackford and Matunga); Regulatory negotiation: learning from experiences at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Ryan); Environmental mediation: keys to success at the local government level (Wood and Guy); Mediating the Idaho wilderness controversy (Baird et al); The inland northwest field burning summit: a case study (Mangerich and Luton); Environmental mediation theory and practice: challenges, issues and needed research and theory development (Blackburn).

Abstract: Provides an examination of environmental mediation by 28 experts from diverse perspectives as well as stresses the need for mediated dispute resolution as an alternative to litigation. Case studies analyze nuclear waste siting, highway design, wilderness designation, field burning, and Environmental Impact Statement development.

Boyce, James K. "Equity and the environment: social justice today as a prerequisite for sustainability in the future." Alternatives, 21(1) : 12-17. (s.l.): Alternatives, 1995. 5 p.

British Columbia. The provincial land use strategy. Victoria: Commission on Resources and Environment, 1994. 4 v. in 1

Contents: v.1 A Sustainability Act for British Columbia: consolidating the progress, securing the future. v.2 Planning for sustainability: improving the planning delivery system for British Columbia. v.3 Public participation: rights and responsibilities, Community Resource Boards. v.4 Dispute resolution: developing a comprehensive system, ensuring fairness and effectiveness.

British Columbia. Vancouver Island land use plan. Victoria: Commission on Resources and Environment, 1994. 2 v.

Contents: v.1 (selected): Overview; Summary of key recommendations; Purpose and design of regional planning negotiations; Vancouver Island, past and present; Aboriginal rights on Vancouver Island; The Vancouver Island land use negotiation table; A land use plan for Vancouver Island; Recommendations.

Abstract: This report recommends a Land Use Plan for Vancouver Island. The plan is intended to help end long-standing uncertainty and conflict over resource and environmental issues. The plan draws on provincial government policy leadership, technical inventory and impact analyses, and intensive public participation. It recommends broad-scale land use designations, and economic transition strategy, and directions for implementation and monitoring. The appendices are presented in Volume 2.

Bromley, Daniel W. (ed). The handbook of environmental economics. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1995. 705 p.

Contents: Choices without prices without apologies (Vatn and Bromley); Benefits, costs and the safe minimum standard of conservation (Randall and Farmer); The environment and property rights issues (Schmid); Zoning and the urban environment (Fischel); Public policies for land conservation (Hodge); Intergenerational choices under global environmental change (Howarth and Norgaard); Neoclassical economic growth theory and sustainability (Toman et al); Measuring sustainable development (Pearce and Atkinson); Nonrenewable resource supply: theory and practice (Toman and Walls); Empirical consequences of the Hotelling Principle (Berck); Recycling programs (McClain); Nonconvexities and the theory of

external costs (Burrows); Liability and penalty structures in policy design (Segerson); A bargaining framework for the global commons (Bromley and Cochrane); Transferable discharge permits and global warming (Tietenberg); Trade, pollution, and environmental protection (Runge); Optimal timber management policies (Montgomery and Adams); Bioeconomic models of the fishery (Conrad); Management regimes in ocean fisheries (Rettig); Privatization open access fisheries: individual transferable quotas (Anderson); Regulation, imperfect markets and transaction costs: the elusive quest for efficiency in water allocation (Colby); Issues in the conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater (Provencher); Minerals policy (Gordon); Valuation of environmental quality under certainty (Bishop and Woodward); Environmental valuation under uncertainty (Ready); Quasi-option value (Graham-Tomasi); Evaluating changes in risk and risk perceptions by revealed preference (Freeman); Contingent valuation (Bishop et al); Travel cost models (Bockstael); Hedonic pricing methods (Freeman)

Abstract: Provides a comprehensive set of materials on environmental and natural resource economics based on 30 specially commissioned pieces by leading authorities in the field.

Brown, Peter G. Restoring the public trust: a fresh vision for progressive government in America. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1994. 176 p.

Contents: Loss of faith in government and the crisis in political theory: The sources of disillusion, Justifying the conservative revolution, What's wrong with the Right, The failure of market failures;

Restoring the public trust: The public trust, Restoring government and preserving persons, How to stop wasting our children's heritage, Paying for a sustainable responsible society

Abstract: Analyzes the limits inherent in the free market approach to public policy, and offers a concept of government rooted in trusteeship

Bryant, Bunyan (ed). Environmental justice: issues, policies, and solutions. Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1995. 278 p.

Contents: Introduction, 1 - Issues and potential policies and solutions for environmental justice: an overview (Bryant); 2 - Environmental justice and the professional (Bailey, Alley, Faupel, Solheim); 3 - Health-based standards: what role in environmental justice? (Head); 4 - Environmental equity justice centers: a response to inequity (Wright); 5 - Environmentalists and environmental justice policy (Ferris, Hahn-Baker); 6 - Residential segregation and urban quality of life (Bullard); 7 - The net impact of environmental protection on jobs and the economy (Bezdek); 8 - Toward a new industrial policy (Hamilton); 9 - Environmental equity and economic policy: expanding the agenda of reform (Wolcott, Drayton, Kadri); 10 - Minorities and toxic fish consumption: implications for point discharge policy in Michigan (West, Fly, Marans, Larkin, Rosenblatt); 11 - Indigenous nations: summary of sovereignty and its implications for environmental protection (Goldtooth); 12 - Toward a democratic community of communities: creating a new future with agriculture and rural America (Ostendorf, Terry); 13 - Sustainable agriculture embedded in a global sustained future: agriculture in the United States and Cuba (Perfecto); 14 - Rethinking international environmental policy in the late Twentieth Century (Buttel); 15 - Summary (Bryant); Appendix 1 - Executive order 12898, February 11, 1994 federal actions to address environmental justice in minority populations and low-income populations, Appendix 2 - Executive summary of the recommendations: from the symposium on health research and needs to ensure environmental justice.

Campiglio, Luigi. The environment after Rio: international law and economics. International environment law and policy series. Boston: Kluwer Publishers, 1994. 285 p.

Notes: Edited by Luigi Campiglio and others. Includes references

Contents: (Selected): Rio Conference between policy and law; Role of the United States; Role of the European Communities; Role of the Developing Countries; Declarations and Conventions adopted in Rio:

Legal protection of the world's forests after Rio '92, Framework Convention on Climate Change, Convention on Biological Diversity; Prospects for the future in the light of Agenda 21 and of the

evolving principles of international environmental law: Polluter pays principle in the early 1990s, Management of water resources, Protection of the oceans in Agenda 21 and international environmental law, Protection of mountain areas in the instruments adopted at the Rio Conference; Environment: development and interdependence: Is there anything new in the concept of sustainable development? (Hammond), Economic growth, technical progress and the environment (Musu, Role of technology), North

South trade, property rights and the dynamics of the environment (Chichilnisky), Global environmental change, rationality and ethics (Zamaagni), Externalities, market incentives and efficiency), Poverty and the environment: is there a trade-off (Dasgupta), GDP and pollution, Net national product and sustainable development, Environmental degradation and children as producer goods), Urbanization, energy and environment: for a global approach (Allal), Are international institutions in favour of the environment? (Berthelot)

Abstract: Proceedings from a congress in Courmayeur, Italy, 1993. Aims to identify trends of international environmental policy and to work out priorities that the various countries have to deal with in the future.

Canada. Convention on the Rights of the Child: first report of Canada. Ottawa: Canadian Heritage, 1994. 262 p.

Notes: Canada ratified the Convention on December 13, 1991

Conference: Convention on the Rights of the Child (1991)

Abstract: Report prepared for submission to the United Nations under the terms of the Convention of the Rights of the Child, and outlines measures adopted before Dec 31 1992 by all governments in Canada to

implement the Convention, and relevant case law.

Canada. Reviewing CEPA: the issues. Hull: CEPA Office, Environment Canada, 1994. v. in box

Notes: CEPA review undertaken as per the provision in the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (1988) which stated that a Parliamentary Committee had to review the act in 5 years. Review currently (Winter 1994) being undertaken by the Standing Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development. Text in English and French, some vols. (e.g.v.10) have separate French eds. Some vols. have second copies. Vol.19 is titled Issue elaboration paper. Vols. not pub. Sequentially.

Contents: CEPA Review: The Government Response - environmental protection legislation designed for the future - a renewed CEPA. A proposal; An overview of the issues; 1. Sustainable development in Canada 2. Biodiversity. 3. The ecosystem approach. 4. Coastal zone management in Canada. 6. Environmental protection of Indian lands. 7. Pollution prevention. 8. Economic instruments. 9. Community right

to know. 10. Public participation for environmental protection. 11. Environmental emergencies. 13. Negotiated settlements : an enforcement option. 14. Administrative monetary penalties : their

potential use in CEPA. 15. Inspectors' powers and provisions governing official analysts in the Canadian Environmental Protection Actio (CEPA). 16. Guidance document on the options evaluation process. 17. Federal intergovernmental co-operation on environmental management : a comparison of developments in

Australia and Canada. 18. CEPA and the precautionary principle/approach. 19. Globalization of environmental protection and national accountability; Green indeed: Charles Caccia has produced solid proposals for the federal government to take the lead in saving the environment

Canada. Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. Bridging the cultural divide: a report on Aboriginal People and criminal justice in Canada. Ottawa: Canada Communications Group, 1996. 315 p.

Contents: (Selected) Introduction; 1 - Aboriginal concepts of law and justice - the historical realities; 2 - Current realities : the failure of the justice system, the right of self-government and the authority to establish Aboriginal justice systems, the case for Aboriginal control of justice; 3 - Current aboriginal justice initiatives : Aboriginal policing, indigenization, Indian Act provisions, Diversion programs and related initiatives, elders panels and sentencing circles, young offender initiatives, Aboriginal initiatives in Canadian prisons, two case studies, conclusions; 4 - Creating conceptual and constitutional space for Aboriginal justice systems : Aboriginal justice systems - back to the future, Jurisdiction, application of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms to Aboriginal justice systems, ensuring the safety of women and children in Aboriginal justice systems; 5 - Reforming the existing justice system; 6 - Summary of major findings, conclusions and recommendations.

Abstract: This report reviews the historical and contemporary record of Aboriginal people's experience in the criminal justice system to secure a better understanding of what lies behind their over-representation there. Besides providing a framework for understanding this document also provides a framework for change. This framework has two inter-related dimensions. The first dimension is the reform of the existing criminal justice system to make it more respectful of and responsive to the experience of Aboriginal people; the second dimension is the establishment of Aboriginal justice systems as an exercise of the Aboriginal right of self-government. This second dimension is the primary focus of the report.

Canada. Status of Women Canada. Canada's national report to the United Nations for the fourth World Conference on Women. Ottawa, Canada: 1995. 85 p.

Contents: Review and appraisal at the national level; Changes since the early 1980s; Mechanisms at all levels to promote the advancement of women; Awareness of, and commitment to, internationally and

nationally recognized women's human rights; Poverty; Women's access to, and participation in, the definition of economic structures and policies and the productive process itself; Access to education,

health, employment and other means to maximize awareness of women's human rights and the use of the capacities; Violence against women; Effects on women of continuing national and international armed or

other kinds of conflict; Use of mass media to promote women's positive contributions to society; Adequate recognition and support for women's contribution to managing natural resources and safeguarding the environment; Review and appraisal of international support; Future strategic goals and objectives.

Abstract: This report provides information on Canada's national and international activities and accomplishments that address the needs of Canadian women and that will bring them closer to equality with

men.

Canada. Parliament. House of Commons Standing Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development. It's about our health! - towards pollution prevention: CEPA revisited - report of the House of Commons Standing Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development. Ottawa, Ontario: Canada Communication Group - Publishing, Public Works, and Government Services Canada, 1995. 357 P.

Contents: Chapter 1 - The federal role in environmental protection: introduction, elements of the federal role, conclusion; Chapter 2 - The Canadian Environmental Protection Act - history and description; Chapter 3 - The need for change : the environmental record, achievements under CEPA, the challenge confronting CEPA; Chapter 4 - Guiding principles for an effective CEPA : a new approach, sustainable development, pollution prevention, ecosystem approach, biological diversity, precautionary principle, user/producer responsibility; Chapter 5 - The assessment of substances : introduction, risk assessment under the present

definition of toxic, substances covered under CEPA, new substances, continuing information requirements for substances under CEPA; Chapter 6 - Preventing toxic substances pollution : managing substances declared or deemed toxic under CEPA, additional means by which CEPA can promote pollution prevention in Canada; Chapter 7 - Ocean dumping and coastal zone management : ocean dumping, coastal zone management; Chapter 8 - Regulation of nutrients, products of biotechnology, and other substances : nutrients, products of biotechnology, other substances; Chapter 9 - International commitments; Chapter 10 - Environmental emergencies : introduction, current provisions in CEPA, other federal legislation affecting

environmental emergencies, voluntary ininiatives, the nature of the problem, proposed improvements; Chapter 11 - Putting the federal house in order : existing authority under part IV, problems with part IV, changes needed under part IV; Chapter 12 - Aboriginal peoples and environmental protection : introduction, environmental protection measures under the Indian Act and CEPA, toward an environmental protection regime for aboriginal peoples; Chapter 13 - The North : background, contamination from afar, waste disposal, arctic science, institutional arrangements, conclusion; Chapter 14 - Improved public participation and citizens' rights : introduction, a public registry, the right to notice and comment and appeal, the National Pollutant Release Inventory, confidentiality of information, whistleblower protection, the right of citizens to request an investigation, the right to citizens to sue, the right of citizens to prosecute, the creation of an

environmental fund, participant funding, an environmental bill of rights; Chapter 15 - Enforcement : introduction, the present situation, the need for improved enforcement, additional enforcement options, improved enforcement powers, miscellaneous issues; Chapter 16 - The administration of CEPA : management and resources, Federal-Provincial harmonization under CEPA, administrative agreements under the fisheries act, parliamentary review; Chapter 17 - Conclusion : the way forward, implementing

change, parting thoughts; Recommendations; Glossary; Appendix A - Witnesses; Appendix B - Briefs; Appendix C - Site visits; Request for government response; Report on the CEPA review dissenting

opinion of the official opposition; Minutes of proceedings

Abstract: This report reviews the provisions of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA). The history of CEPA, the framework of the act, issues surrounding its implementation, enforcement, and administration are discussed. Improving public participation under CEPA and the issues surrounding the implementation of CEPA on aboriginal lands are also discussed. The role of CEPA in helping Canada fulfill its international obligations in respect of the environment is considered. Recommendations that include amendments to CEPA are given in each of these areas and others.

Canadian Bar Association. Sustainable Development Committee. Sustainable development in Canada: options for law reform. Ottawa: CBA, 1990. 316 p.

Contents: (Selected): Background issue papers to proposed federal and international environmental law reforms: The environment, sustainable development and the limits of constitutional jurisdiction, by H. Scott Fairley. Principles of environmental assessment at the federal level, by Roger Cotton and Glen Bell. Public access to environmental justice, by Franklin Gertler and others. The Nuclear Liability Act: nuclear power versus legal rights, by David Poch. Spending green: federal expenditure reform and sustainable development, by Ted Schrecker. Reducing solid waste, by Steven Shrybman. Toward a national pollution prevention strategy: principles for reform to address the problem of toxic contamination of the Canadian environment, by Paul Muldoon. Federal pesticide regulation, by Toby Vigod. The international regulation

of atmospheric pollution, by Moira L. McConnell. Sustainable development and marine environmental protection, by Moira L. McConnell and David VanderZwaag. Water diversion/exports and sustainable development, by J. Owen Saunders. International water resources: Canada-United States of America, by Charles B. Bourne. Federal law reform proposals for sustainable forestry, by Monique Bass. International regulation of fisheries, by Richard Paisley. The federal government's role in the protection of endangered

species, by Ronald I. Orenstain. Migratory birds, by Andrew R. Thompson and Nancy A. Morgan. Sustainable development in Canada's north, by Stephen D. Hazell. International law reform and the protection of the Arctic, by Nigel Bankes. International regulation of the Antarctic, by Maurice Copithorne and Deborah Overhoff. The rule of law and sustainable development, by Linda F. Duncan. The new international environmental protection law: the enforcement role of the International Court of Justice, by Edward McWhinney. Tanker traffic and oil spills, by David Anderson.

Collins, Sheila D. (et al ) . Jobs for all: a plan for the revitalization of America. New York: Apex Press, 1994. 134 p.

Contents: Jobs for all; Adequate income for all; Rights of workers; Community investment, preservation and support (Corporate citizenship, Public regulation of private capital, Local job and economic development, Community federalism); Military conversion; Environmental preservation and sustainability (Defining sustainable growth and development, Environmental protection and job creation, Public policy support for environmental sustainability, Planning for conversion to an environmentally sustainable economy); Fair trade and economically viable local production for local consumption; Democratic planning and industrial policy; Rebuilding the nation's cities (Financing the cities, Integrated policy response to urban poverty); Sound government finance (Gaining a realistic perspective on the deficit); Lifelong learning

Abstract: Analyzes the impact of domestic and global economic restructuring on American workers, families and communities, and proposes an comprehensive program, with 11 principles, of jobs for all as a

solution to social, economic and environmental problems

Conca, Ken, Michael Alberty and Geoffrey D. Dabelko (eds). Green planet blues: environmental politics from Stockholm to Rio. Boulder, Co: Westview Press, 1995. 328 p.

Contents: Two decades of global environmental politics (Conca et al); The limits to growth (Meadows et al); Environment and development: the case of the developing countries (Augusto and Castro); The tragedy

of the commons (Hardin); No tragedy of the commons (Buck); The tragedy of the commons: twenty-two years later (Geeny et al); The scarcity society (Ophuls); Laws, states and super-states: international law and the environment (Johnston); The shadow ecologies of western economics (MacNeill); Global technopolitics

(Pirages); The green revolution: the American environmental movement 1962-1992 (Sale); The emergence of the environmental movement in Eastern Europe and its role in the revolutions of 1989 (Fisher); Fight for the forest (Gross); Ozone diplomacy (Benedick); Ozone layer depletion and global warming (Rowlands); Skinning scientific cats (Jasanoff); Global warming in an unequal world: a case of environmental colonialism (Agarwal and Narain); Appraising the Earth Summit: how should we judge UNCED's success? (Haas et al); The case for free trade (Bhagwati); The perils of free trade (Daly); The emperor's new clothes: the World Bank and environmental reform (Rich); The role of the World Bank (Piddington); Towards

sustainable development; Whose common future? (Lohman); Sustainable development: a critical review (Lele); Environmental scarcities and violent conflict (Homer-Dixon); Environmental security: how it

works (Myers); The case against linking environmental degradation and national security (Deudney); For whose benefit? redefining security (Saad); The need for eco-justice (Kelly); Statement to UNCED (Mohamad); Women, poverty and population: issues for the concerned environmentalist (Sen); Two agendas on Amazon development (COICA).

Abstract: The book begins with a discussion of some of the dominant paradigms and controversies that shaped debate at the time of the Stockholm Conference, and during the conference itself. The material in Part I focuses in particular on the two most provocative and influential ideas of the Stockholm era: first the notion that there are inherent "limits to growth" on a planet of finite natural resources and limited ecological resilience; and second, the claim that self-interested individual behavior often adds up to a global tragedy of the commons. The second part examines how the structure of the international system shapes the types of problems we face and the types of solutions we can imagine. Parts III and IV then turn to examine the challenges of international cooperation and institutional reform. The volume concludes with three powerful and controversial new paradigms that crystallized in the two decades between Stockholm and Rio: sustainable development, environmental security and ecological justice.

Connell, John and Richard Howitt (eds.). Mining and indigenous peoples in Australia. Sydney: Sydney University Press, 1991. 205 p.

Contents: (Selected): Land rights, labour relations and fertility in the Soroako Nickel Project, Sulawesi; Aborigines and gold mining in central Australia; Coromandel gold: conquest and conservation; Conflict over Waikato coal: Maori land rights

Cornell University, American Indian Program and Plenty Canada. Indigenous economics: toward a natural world order. Akwe:kon Journal 9 (Summer 1992). Ithaca, NY: Akwe:kon Press, 1992. 112 p.

Notes: Includes bibliography

Contents: First words; Indigenous perspectives on international development (Brascoup‚); The search for lessons (Barreiro); Guatemala: Mayan approaches emerge; Indian economic development: the US experience of an evolving Indian sovereignty (Mohawk); Investing in indigenous knowledge (Adamson); Indigenous environmental perspectives: a North American primer (LaDuke); Documenting Dene traditional

environmental knowledge (Johnson); Indian rights and environmental protection (Wiggins); Interviews with Sam Mercado (Johnson and Cornell); PANA PANA: a Miskito development and environmental

organization; Banana gold: problem or solution?

Abstract: Reports on a process of Native thinking about environment and development. The articles emerge from a series of discussions by Native governments, organizations and networks over the past few

years.

Dakers, Sonya. Animal rights campaigns: their impact in Canada. Ottawa: Research Branch - Library of Parliament, 19 p.

Abstract: This review describes how the anti-sealing campaign adversely affected the livelihoods of sealers in Labrador and Newfoundland and of the Inuit in northern Canada, who hunted only adult seals. It then outlines how a similar campaign might affect trapping and fur ranching in this country. Also touched on are two other activities (animal research and factory farming) that have been attracting sporadic but well-publicized attention from various animal rights groups and seem likely to be the next targets of animal rights campaigns in this country.

Deardorff, Allan and Robert Stern. Analytical and negotiating issues in the global trading system. Ann Arbour, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1994. 629 p.

Contents: Introduction and overview; Multilateral trade negotiations and preferential trading arrangements (Deardorff and Stern); On the importance and extent of rent sharing in the multi-fibre arrangement: evidence from U.S.-Hong Kong trade in apparel (Krishna and Tan); Reforming the European Community's common agricultural policy: who stands to gain? (Hertel et al); Do rules control power? GATT articles and arrangements in the Uruguay Round (Finger and Dhar); The trade effects of antidumping investigations: theory and evidence (Staiger and Wolak); Quid pro Quo restraints and spurious injury: subsidies and the prospect of CVDs (Leidy); Optimal pursuit of safeguard actions over time (Mayer); GATT, dispute settlement and cooperation (Kovenock and Thursby); Trade-related intellectual property rights: issue and exploratory results (Maskus and Konan); TRIMS, policy change and the role of the GATT (Mutti); Conceptual and political economy issues in liberalizing international transactions in services (Hoekman); Fair trade, reciprocity and harmonization: the new challenge to the theory and policy of free trade (Bhagwati)

Abstract: Contributors address the principles of the global trading system in an analytical manner. Topics covered include: multilateral trade negotiations and preferential arrangements; rent sharing; reforming

the European Community's common agricultural policy; GATT articles and arrangements; antidumping investigations; intellectual property rights; among others.

Dommen, Edward. How just is the market economy? Geneva: The Author, 1993. 21 p.

Contents: What the market is; The convenience of the market; Aspects of the market which raise ethical problems; Kinds of justice; Conclusion

Abstract: The paper is intended to stimulate reflection on economic ethics in general by exploring the ethics of a particularly important part of the economy: the market.

Earth Ethics Research Group, Inc. Proceedings. New York: Earth Ethics Research Group, Inc., 1994. 392 p.

Conference: Ethical Dimensions of the United Nations Program on Environment and Development, Agenda 21 (1994 : New York)

Contents: Use value only? (Aiken); Ethical questions embedded in biodiversity provisions of Agenda 21 (Barahona); Judging the United Nations Agenda 21 industrial pollution prevention provisions: an ethical

and policy analysis (Blomquist); Confronting environmental racism: waste trade and Agenda 21 (Bullard); The ethical concept of corporate environmental responsibility (Dion); Summary of remarks (Duchin); Ethics and Agenda 21: research on the values within sustainable development (Farrel); Seeing the environment through Islamic eyes (Hamed); Redefining wealth and progress (Henderson); The ethical implications of a global climate change - a Third World perspective (Heredia); Agenda 21 and the limits of technological rationality (Heyd); Understanding the rhetorical nature of science in the implementation of Agenda 21 (Junker) ; Sustainable development and imperialism: ethical reflections on Agenda 21

(Katz); Environmental decisions as human decisions: the appropriate role of science as revealed by looking at the atmosphere (Landen); Agenda 21 and protection of the atmosphere: the status of science

(Lemons); Can economics provide an ethically-sensitive framework for environmental choices? (Meyer and Chilton); Biological diversity as habitat protection (O'Neil); Ethical questions embedded in water resource provisions of UN Agenda 21 (Ott); Free trade and sustainable development - the moral basis of Agenda 21 and its problems (Paden); A perspective on some emerging ethical dilemmas in water resources management (Priscoli); Agenda 21: biodiversity and responsible land use planning and management:

economic, legal, scientific and ethical implications of modernist, post-modernist and universalist environmental philosophies (Quinn and Petrick); Environmental protection and an equitable international order: ethics after the Earth Summit (Rolston); Say what you mean! the undefined in Agenda 21 (Rothenberg); Biodiversity and Agenda 21: ethical considerations (Sagoff); Ethical questions embedded in the nuclear waste disposal provisions of Agenda 21 (Singh); Biodiversity and intellectual property rights: an ethical analysis (Traylor); The role of religion in forming an environmental ethics (Tucker); Ecofeminism and Agenda 21: a philosophical view on taking empirical data seriously (Warren); Who can save the Earth? Agenda 21 and professional expertise (Weir); Ethical issues in toxic waste export (Weiss); Ecosystem integrity and Agenda 21 science, sustainability and public policy (Westra)

Edwards, David. Free to be human: intellectual self-defence in an age of illusions. Dartington, GB: Green Books, 1995. 288 p.

Contents: Beyond totalitarianism: Noam Chomsky and the propaganda model of media control; Extending the scope of the propaganda model; Killing the dream of religious truth; Killing the dream of right conduct;

The desolated day-tripper; Beyond "success" - Tolstoy's Confession; The wound outside; Joining the two wounds: personalizing the global, globalizing the personal; A chest of tools for intellectual self-defense.

Abstract: Influential writers such as Noam Chomsky and Edward Herman have shown that the corporately controlled mass media of Western democracies serve as a giant filter system favouring powerful state

and business interests: what we receive as 'objective news' about domestic politics, human rights and environmental issues, is in fact an extremely partial and biased view of the world. The author shows how the same filter system distorts our understanding of many personal, ethical and spiritual issues, ensuring that we remain passive, conformist, confused and uninformed - and willing to accept the irrational values of corporate consumerism.

Emond, D. Paul (comp.) Dalhousie University. Environmental Management Development in Indonesia Project, Indonesia. Ministry of State for Population and Environment. Environmental law: resource materials for the study of environmental law in Indonesia and Canada, v.1. Halifax: EMDI Project, 1990. 1 v. in various pagings.

Contents: (Selected): A. The rise of environmental awareness 1. Global: M.K. Tolba, "Environment and development explained"; M.K. Tolba, "Combining the best of the old with the best of the new"; D.M.

Johnston ,"Systemic environmental damage: the challenge to international law and organization"; J.W. MacNeill, "Environmental management"; H. Versteed ,"The protection of endangered species: a Canadian perspective". 2. Regional: P. Grennfelt, "Sources and distribution of acidifying compounds"; E. Gold, "The pollution business"; E. Gold, "The development of marine pollution responsibilities"; M. Mellon et al. "The regulation of toxic and oxidant air pollution in North America"; P. Dupuy, "Normative and institutional proposals for the integrated management of international hydrographic basins". 3. National: M.Askin, "Protection of Indonesian living marine resources: Legislation and resource management"; A.J. Whtiten et al.,"The ecology of Sumatra". 4. Local: E.A.Ripley et al.,"Environmental impact of mining in Canada". B. Nature of the problem: 1. Introduction: Economic Council of Canada, "Reforming regulation"; C.P. Stevenson, "Environmental risk management"; B. Commoner, The closing circle: man, nature and technology. 2. Pollution: American Association for the Advancement of Science, Air conservation

publication 80. 3. Resource use: W. Ophuls,"The scarcity society". C. Causes of environmental disruption: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality,"Environmental quality: first annual report".

1. Technology. World Commission on Environment and Development: Our common future. 2. Population and affluence: P.R. Ehrlick, "Review of Commoner, The closing circle"; J.W. Forrester, "World dynamics".

3. Economic incentives: Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution, First report; Peter Victor, "Economics and the challenge of environmental issues"; P. Usher," Property rights: the basis of wildlife management". 4.Politics: W. Ophuls, "Ecology and the politics of scarcity"' O.P. Dwivedi, "Political science and the environment"

Emond, D. Paul. (comp.) Dalhousie University.Environmental Management Development in Indonesia Project, Indonesia. Ministry of State for Population and Environment. Environmental law: resource materials for the study of environmental law in Indonesia and Canada, v.2. Halifax: EMDI Project, 1990. 1 v. in various pagings

Contents: (Selected) D.: Economic analysis 1) Introduction : W. Leiss, The dominion of nature; R.B. Stewart and J.E. Krier, Environmental law and policy. 2) Limitations : U.S. Council on Environmental

Quality, "Environmental quality: Fourth annual report"; J. Passmore, "Man's responsibility for nature"; C.D. Stone, "Should trees have standing: toward legal rights for natural objects". 11) Process for solving environmental problems: A. The Judicial Process: 1) J.L. Sax,"Environment and the courts of law"; 2) Nuisance and defences: J.P.S. McLaren, The common law nuisance actions and the environmental battle-well tempered swords or broken reeds"; R.J. Rolls, "Due diligence defence environmental law: bringing and

defending actions"; 3) Strict liability; 4) Rights of water quality and flow; 5) Public nuisance/public trust; 6) Remedies

Environment Liaison Centre International. Justice between peoples - justice between generations: synthesis of citizens' movements' responses to environment and development challenges, and Agenda Ya Wananchi - draft citizens action plan for the 1990s. Nairobi: ELCI, 1991. 43 p.

Notes: Prepared for Roots of the Future, a global NGO conference in relation to the 1992 Earth Summit, Paris 17-20 December '91

Conference: Roots of the Future Conference (1991 : Paris)

European Parliament, Environment and Development Resource Centre. Striking a green deal: a comprehensive international conference on "Europe's role in environment and south-north trade relations". Brussels: EDRC, 1993. various p.

Contents: Green protectionism: does the end justify the means? (Henandez); Green protectionism: differentiating environmental protection from trade protectionism (Arden-Clarke); How a log export ban became an unfair trade practice: it's resources, stupid! (Shrybman); Natural fibres as environmentally intelligent trade products (Braungart et al); International agreements to deal with environmental

externalities of primary commodity exports (Kox); Trade and desertification (Greijn); Transferring patent rights for sound technologies to an international organization (Aydin); Technological cooperation, technology transfer and environmentally sustainable development (Barnett); Towards an alternative trade and development paradigm (Morales); Guiding principles in the environment and trade interface (Ferretti and Hudson); Democratizing international trade and financial policy: proposal for a feasibility study (McCoy); Constraints to a just global trading system: a southern perspective (Odhiambo); Trade among the

member states of the economic community of West African States and its effect on the environment (Chaytor); Environmental impacts of trade evolution in ECOWAS countries (Fall); Environmental opportunities in regional trade cooperation among developing countries (Jordan); MERCOSUR and trade blocks in Latin America: the relationship trade and environment (Onestini); The multilateral trade organization: a revised prospective (Cameron and Ward); The Lome IV Convention, the Maastricht Treaty and NAFTA: trade agreements with an environmental twist (Dixson-Decleve); The role of major groups in implementing Agenda 21: focus on the potential role and contributions of the private sector (Aydin); The world in the round; Changing western consumer lifestyle (Davison); Environmental standards, competition and the international trading system (Flanders)

Abstract: Contains a collection of papers presented at the international conference "Striking a Green Deal", held in Brussels, November 1993.

Eyles, John. Social indicators, social justice and social well-being. CHEPA working paper series no.94-1. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University, 1994. 108 p.

Faber, Daniel. Environment under fire: imperialism and the ecological crisis in Central America. New York: Monthly Review, 1993. 301 p.

Contents: Introduction: environment under fire; A legacy of ecological imperialism; Poverty, injustice and the ecological crisis; Poisoning for profit; Revolution in the rainforest; The Nicaraguan revolution and the liberation of nature; War against nature: militarization and the impact of U.S. policy; Conclusion: the

struggle for social and ecological justice.

Abstract: The author explains in a theoretical and empirical detailed fashion, the roots of Central America's current social and ecological crisis - a crisis he views as grounded in decades of U.S. promoted development policies that have favored production for export over production for local needs, the intensive exploitation of natural resources for profit over the sustainable use of these assets, and the interests of wealthy landowners and U.S. based multinational corporations and banks over the interests of the

popular classes that make up the majority of Central Americans. In doing so, the author hopes to demonstrate the responsibility that U.S. environmentalists must assume to help end the social and

ecological devastation of Central America.

Family Care International. Action for the 21st. (twenty-first) century: reproductive health and rights for all. New York: Family Care International, 1994. 45 p.

Contents: Enabling conditions for reproductive health; Affirming reproductive health & reproductive rights; Championing reproductive health for all; Ensuring coverage, utilization & quality of reproductive

health services; Mobilizing the resources for action

Abstract: This report synthesizes the fundamental reproductive health recommendations contained in the ICPD Programme of Action, endorsed at the International Conference on Population and Development held

in Cairo in September 1994. It outlines the who, what, and how of achieving universal reproductive health and rights within the next two decades.

Finkel, Adam M. and Dominic Golding (eds). Worst things first: the debate over risk-based national environmental priorities. Washington: Resources for the Future, 1994. 348 p.

Contents: Should we - and can we - reduce the worst risks first? (Finkel); Rationalism and redemocratization: time for a truce (Rivlin); EPA's vision for setting national environmental priorities (Habicht); An overview of risk-based priority setting at EPA (Kent and Allen); Integrating science, values and democracy through comparative risk assessment (Lash); A proposal to address, rather than rank

environmental problems (O'Brien); Current priority setting methodology: too little rationality or too much? (Hattis and Goble); Quantitative risk ranking: more promise than the critics suggest (Morgan); Paradigms, process and politics: risk and regulatory design (Hornstein); Is reducing risk the real objective

of risk management (Belzer); State concerns in setting environmental priorities: is the risk-based paradigm the best we can do?; The States: the national laboratory for the risk-based paradigm? (Mehan); Working group discussions; Pollution prevention: putting comparative risk assessment in its place (Commoner);

Hammers don't cut wood: why we need pollution prevention and comparative risk assessment (Graham); Unequal environmental protection: incorporating environmental justice in decision making (Bullard); Risk-based priorities and environmental justice (Nichols); An innovation-based strategy for the environment

(Ashford); Promoting innovation "the easy way" (Wilson); Summary of closing panel discussion; Recurring themes and points of contention (Finkel and Golding); Afterthoughts (Finkel)

Abstract: EPA representatives describe the agency's plans for pursuing risk-based planning, while analysts suggest ways to improve its methods, process and implementation. Advocates of alternative paradigms, which give risk assessment little or no role, also present their arguments.

Franke, Richard W. and Barbara H. Chasin. "Kerala State: a social justice model." Multinational Monitor (July/Aug 1995) : 25-28. Washington, DC: Essential Information, 1995. 4 p.

Abstract: Discusses the Kerala State in southwest India as a social justice model which shows that Third World people can make their lives better in the absence of industrialization or large-scale economic growth.

Global Forum on Environment and Poverty (1993 : Dhaka). International Workshop on Environment and Poverty July 22 -24, Dhaka. Dhaka,IN: GFEP, 1993. v. in box

Notes: Includes miscellaneous conference papers

Contents: (selected) Justice as a key element of sustainable development: poverty, power, and political ecology in an inequitable world (Thrupp)

Goldman, Benjamin A. and Laura Fitton. Toxic wastes and race revisited : an update of the 1987 report on the racial and socioeconomic characteristics of communities with hazardous waste sites. Washington, D.C.: Center for Policy Alternatives, 1994. 27 p.

Gowdy, John M. Coevolutionary economics: the economy, society and the environment. Natural resource management and policy series. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994. 246 p.

Notes: Includes references

Contents: The economy, economics and the environment; The bioethics of hunting and gathering societies; Equality and environmental sustainability in agricultural societies; Markets, property rights and biodiversity; Evolutionary theory and economic theory; Selection and coevolution in industrial economics; Economic growth versus the environment; Progress, Economy and environment: toward a declining state.

Abstract: This book discusses the human economy and its coevolutionary relationship with the natural world. This relationship is examined in three broad types of societies, hunter-gatherers; agriculturalists, and modern market economies. The broad themes that unite the chapters of this book are coevolution,

self-organization, punctuated equilibrium, and a critique of the notion of progress in economic and social history. The book also presents a system classifying selection processes in the economy. It argues that selection for reasons of efficiency is only one of several reasons for firm survival. A major conclusion of the book is that the institution of the market economy is incompatible with ecological sustainability. There is a basic conflict between the self-organizing principles of markets and the self-organizing principles of ecosystems.

Hanna, Susan and Mohan Munasinghe (eds). Property rights and the environment: social and ecological issues. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1995. 164 p.

Notes: Includes references Companion volume 'Property Rights in a Social and Ecological Context: Case Studies and Design Applications' by the same editors is also available.

Contents: An introduction to property rights and the environment (Hanna, Munasinghe); Property rights and environmental resources (Hanna, Folke, Karl-Goran Maler); Designing complexity to govern complexity (Ostrom); Distributed governance in fisheries (Townsend, Pooley); Efficiencies of user participation in natural resource management (Hanna); The management of transboundary resources and property rights systems: the case of fisheries (Kaitala, Munro); Building equity, stewardship, and resilience into market-based property rights systems (Young, McCay); Analysis of Earth summit prescriptions on incorporating traditional knowledge in natural resource management (Cicin-Sain, Knecht); Mechanisms that link property rights to ecological systems (Folke, Berkes); Poverty, population, and the environment (Dasgupta)

Abstract: This book investigates the institutional dimensions of environmental sustainability. Property rights regimes are particularly important types of institutions, the knowledge of how they function in relation to humans and their use of the environment is critical to the design and implementation of effective environmental protection. The papers in this book consider the theoretical and conceptual background related to the design of governance systems for sustainability; the relationships among equity, stewardship, and environmental resilience; the use of traditional knowledge in resource management; the mechanisms that link humans to their environment; and the role played by poverty and population.

Hanna, Susan and Mohan Munasinghe (eds). Property rights in a social and ecological context: case studies and design applications. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1995. 206 p.

Contents: An introduction to property rights in a social and ecological context (Hanna, Munasinghe); Design lessons from existing air pollution control systems : the United States (Tietenberg); Distributed governance in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands lobster fishery (Townsend, Pooley); Enforcement of regional environmental regulations - nitrogen fertilizer in Sweden : Appendix 4-A - calculation of abatement and enforcement costs (Gren, Brannlund); Designing incentives to conserve India's biodiversity (Gadgil, Rao); Will new property right regimes in Central and Eastern Europe serve the purposes of nature conservation (Zylicz); Nonsustainable use of renewable resources : mangrove deforestation and mariculture

in Ecuador (Parks, Bonifaz); Learning by fishing : practical science and scientific practice (Palsson); Indigenous knowledge and resource management systems : a Native Canadian case study from James Bay (Berkes); The role of validated local knowledge in the restoration of fisheries property rights : the example of the New Zealand Maori (Ruddle); The role of tenurial shells in ecological sustainability : property rights and natural resource management in Mexico (Alcorn, Toledo); Integrating ecological and socio-economic

feedbacks for sustainable fisheries (Hammer); Parametric management of fisheries : an ecosystem - social approach (Wilson, Dickie); Environmental and socioeconomic linkages of deforestation and forest land use change in the Nepal Himalaya (Pradhan, Parks); Environmental crisis and unsustainability in Himalayas : lessons from the degradation process (Jodha)

Abstract: This publication contains a collection of case studies and design applications from around the world that focus on the institutional dimensions of environmental sustainability. The knowledge of how

property rights regimes, as particularly important types of institutions, function in relation to humans and their use of the environment is critical to the design and implementation of effective environmental protection. These studies address questions of the design of governance systems for sustainability; the

relationships among equity, stewardship, and environmental resilience; the use of traditional knowledge in resource management; the mechanisms that link humans to their environments; and the role played by poverty and population.

Hartley, Troy W. "Environmental justice: an environmental civil rights value acceptable to all world views." Environmental Ethics 17 (Fall 1995): 277-289. Denton, TX: University of North Texas, 1995.

Abstract: In accordance with environmental injustice, sometimes called environmental racism, minority communities are disproportionately subjected to a higher level of environmental risk than other segments of society. Growing concern over unequal environmental risk and mounting evidence of both racial and economic injustices have led to a grass-roots civil rights campaign called the environmental justice movement. The environmental ethics aspects of environmental injustice challenge narrow utilitarian views and promote Kantian rights and obligations. Nevertheless, an environmental justice value exists in all ethical world views, although it involves a concept of equitable distribution of environmental protection that has been lacking in environmental ethics discussion.

Haugh, Alison. "Balancing rights, powers, and privileges: a window on co-management experience in Manitoba." Northern Perspectives 22 (Summer/Fall 1994): 28-32. Ottawa: Canadian Arctic Resources

Committee, 1994. 5 p.

Hawken, Paul. The ecology of commerce: a declaration of sustainability. New York: HarperCollins, 1993. 250 p.

Contents: A teasing irony; The death of birth; The creation of waste; Parking lots and potato heads; Pigou's solution; The size thing; Private lives and corporate rights; The Jesse Helms Citizenship Center; The opportunity of insignificance; Restoring the guardian; Pink salmon and green fees; The inestimable gift of a future.

Abstract: Argues that every commercial act in today's industrial society degrades the environment, and what is needed is a business system where the opposite is true, where the everyday acts of work and

production accumulate in a better world as a matter of course. Outlines a series of economic strategies and innovations.

Hewison, Grant. Reconciling trade and the environment: issues for New Zealand. Wellington, NZ: Victoria University of Wellington Institute of Policy Studies, 1995. 78 p.

Contents: (Selected): Realizing New Zealand's "Clean green trade opportunities": Perception of New Zealand in its major markets, The "green" consumer, From image to reality: sustainable agriculture,

sustainable tourism, Does trade benefit or harm the environment: the case of New Zealand agriculture, Environmental impacts of agricultural liberalization; Environmental restrictions on trade: environmental measures that impact on trade: Import bans, Export bans, Eco labeling, Eco packaging, German packaging law, Eco standards, Environmental charges and taxes, Subsidies, Animal welfare, Consumer boycotts; International trade rules governing environmental regulations and standards: plant and animal health,

Technical barriers to trade; Competitiveness; Intellectual property rights.

Abstract: Reconciliation of trade and environmental policies for New Zealand is crucial as she is dependent on free international trade and sustainable environmental management for strong economic growth. Examines issues affected by the lowering of tariff barriers under the Uruguay Round

Hobley, Mary. Policy, rights and local forest management: the case of Himachal Pradesh, India. Rural Development Forestry Network paper 13b. London: Overseas Development Institute, 1992. 32 p. : map

Hofrichter, Richard (ed). Toxic struggles: the theory and practice of environmental justice. Gabriola Island, B.C.: New Society Publishers, 1993. 260 p.

Contents: (Selected); Capitalism and the crisis of environmentalism (Faber, O'Connor); Anatomy of environmental racism (Bullard); Building a new vision: feminist, green socialism (Mellor); Creating a culture of destruction: gender, militarism and the environment (Seager); Feminism and ecology (King); Cultural activism and environmental justice (Hofrichter); Race, gender and the environment: a society

based on conquest cannot be sustained: native peoples and the environmental crisis (LaDuke); Blue collar women and toxic waste protests: process of politicization (Krauss); Building on our past, planning for our future: communities of color and the quest for environmental justice (Miller); Unequal protection: the racial

divide in environmental law (Lavelle, Coyle); Ecofeminism and grassroots environmentalism in the United States (Epstein); Hidden environment: crisis at work: Effects of occupational injury, illness and disease on the health status of Black Americans: a review (Wright, Bullard); Farm workers at risk; Global connection:

exploitation of developing countries: Corporate plundering of Third World resources (Weissman); Trading away the environment: Free Trade agreements and environmental degradation (Ritchie); Economics

and environmental justice: rethinking North South relations (Peng)

Abstract: Discusses how in local communities across the country people of colour, the poor, women, migrant farmworkers and industrial workers are joining forces with civil rights, peace and local community

activists to challenge corporate polluters

Hollister, Benjamin. Shopping for a better world: the quick and easy guide to all your socially responsible shopping. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1994. 394 p.

Contents: (Selected): Students shopping for a better world; Shopping for: Generous gift giving, Equal opportunity, Right to know, Thriving community, Family benefits, Better workplace, Greener world

(Labeling, New architecture and building supplies, Green construction materials), Better packaging, Conservation and energy savings. Americans and food; Americans and clothes; Business of toys; American auto industry; Appliance industry; Computer industry; Telecommunications industry; Investments

Abstract: Ratings on over 200 companies with 2000 brand products in 17 industries

Human Rights Watch, Natural Resources Defence Council. Defending the earth: abuses of human rights and the environment. Washington, DC: The Council, 106pp.

Abstract: This report focuses on the relationship, often causal, between human rights and environmental abuses. Includes case studies from Brazil, Eritrea, India, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Philippines, The

former Soviet Union & United States.

International Labour Office; ILO. Defending values, promoting change: social justice in a global economy: an ILO agenda: report of the Director-General (Part 1). Geneva: ILO, 1994. 106 p.

Conference: International Labour Conference (81 st. : 1994)

Contents: A changing world; Values and structures of the ILO; Standards: a broader approach; An organization at the service of its constituents; The role of the ILO in international policy-making.

Abstract: The author provides an in depth review of the goals and principles of the International Labour Organization (ILO). International Labour Organisation; ILO. The rights of migrant workers: a guide to ILO standards for the use of migrant workers and their organisations. Geneva: ILO, 1992. 17 p.

International Labour Organisation. International labour standards for development and social justice. Geneva: ILO, 1990. 48 p.

Kane, Michael J. "Promoting political rights to protect the environment." Yale Journal of International Law 18, no. 1 (1993):389-411. 1993.

Contents: Introduction; Political rights affecting environmental protection; Institutions, policies and programs; Conclusion

Abstract: This article describes the relationship between efforts to promote human rights and efforts to protect the environment. Part II illustrates how the exercise of political rights is crucial for

individuals and communities who seek to protect the environment. Part III describes selected national and international policy initiatives that have begun or that should begin to link human rights and environmental concerns.

Khali, Mohamed H., Walter V. Reid, and Calestous Juma. Property rights, biotechnology and genetic resources. African Centre for Technology Studies biopolicy international series no. 7. Nairobi: ACTS Press, African Centre for Technology Studies, , 1992.

58 p.

Contents: Synthesis of papers presented at an expert workshop in Nairobi, Jun 10-15 1991

Koers, A.W. Rights and obligations of the individual on the electronic highway: the birth of a charter. Hague, Netherlands: Rathenau instituut, 1995. 48 p.

Komen, John and Gabrielle Persley. Agricultural biotechnology in developing countries: a cross-country review. ISNAR research report no.2. The Hague: International Service for National Agricultural Research, 1993. 45 p.

Contents: Introduction; A comparison of government programs; Regulatory issues: biosafety and intellectual property rights; Addressing emerging constraints; Discussion.

Abstract: Growing numbers of governments in developing countries are investing in infrastructure and human resources to support national biotechnology R&D in both the public and private sectors. This

report provides a comparative description of the different approaches taken by 10 developing country governments to stimulate biotechnology research. The experiences discussed include an analysis of the institutional organization adopted, a description as to how the governments of these countries manage the regulatory aspects of biotechnology (biosafety and intellectual property rights), and how they address issues constraining further development of agricultural biotechnology.

Korten, David C. When corporations rule the world. West Hartford, Connecticut: Kumarian Press, 1995. 374 p.

Contents: Cowboys in a spaceship: from hope to crisis; end of the open frontier; the growth illusion; Contest for sovereignty: rise of corporate power in America; assault of the corporate libertarians;

decline of democratic pluralism; illusions of the cloud minders; Corporate colonialism: dreaming of global empires; building elite consensus; buying out democracy; marketing the world; adjusting the poor; guaranteeing corporate rights; A rogue financial system: the money game; predatory finance; corporate cannibalism; managed competition; No place for people: race to the bottom; the end of inefficiency; people with no place; Reclaiming our power: the ecological revolution; good living; an awakened civil society;

agenda for change; Epilogue: a choice for life

Abstract: This publication contends that the convergence of ideological, political, and technological forces are leading to an increasing concentration of economic and political power in a handful of corporations and financial institutions, separating their interests from the human interest, while the market system considers only its own short term financial gains. The human and environmental consequences of the efforts of multi-national corporations to reconstruct values and institutions everywhere to serve narrow financial ends are discussed. This includes discussion of reconstruction of world trade bodies and world trade agreements. The need for sustainable communities, sustainable livelihoods, and citizen networking are discussed. To ensure human survival a community-based, life centered alternative is suggested as a replacement for capitalism and communism. Specific steps are given for implementing this alternative. Developing political rights, economic rights, and localizing the global system by limiting the power and freedom of the large corporations is the alternative presented.

La Botz, Dan. Mask of democracy: labor suppression in Mexico today. Boston: South End Press, 1992. 223 p.

Lane, Charles and Richard Moorehead. Who should own the range: new thinking on pastoral resource tenure in dryland Africa. Pastoral land tenure series no.3. London: International Institute for Environment and Development, 1994. 34 p.

Contents: Introduction; Indigenous land tenure; Conventional approaches to African pastoral resource tenure; The 'tragedy of the commons' argument; The property rights school; The 'assurance problem'

argument; Theory in practice; Nationalization; Sedentarization, land use planning and land titling; Privatization; Summary; The implications for land tenure of the new directions in African range management and policy; Options for the future; Research; Applied approaches based on research; Policy formation and adoption; Conclusion.

Abstract: Pastoralists in dryland Africa are often accused of degrading the resources they use, because they are unable to create and maintain an effective tenure system for managing their natural resources. New thinking about range management and tenure theory are challenging this 'old orthodoxy'. This paper looks at the implications for tenure issues of the 'non-equilibrium' approach to range management in the light of the 'Tragedy of the Commons', 'Property Rights' and ' Assurance Problem' approaches to resource tenure issues, drawing on case study material from throughout Africa. The paper argues that pastoralists are well able to manage their natural resource if they are empowered to do so, and an essential prerequisite for this is secure access rights to range and water. The paper describes the threat to herders' livelihoods from the creeping privatization of key pastoral resources, and concludes with an agenda for action to support herder's own tenure systems.

Lynch, Timothy. Polluting our principles: environmental prosecutions and the Bill of Rights. Policy Analysis no. 223 (April 1995). Washington, DC: CATO Institute, 1995.

Abstract: The author argues that many of the US's most basic constitutional principles are being compromised to facilitate environmental investigations and prosecutions. The author urges Congress to

renounce the extraordinary police and prosecutorial powers it has created during the past 25 years of environmental law enforcement.

Lynge, Finn. Arctic wars: animals rights, endangered peoples. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1992. 118 p.

Notes: Includes bibliography

Makhijani, Arjun. From global capitalism to economic justice: an inquiry into the elimination of systematic poverty, violence and environmental destruction in the world economy. New York: Apex

Press, 1992. 176 p.

Notes: Includes bibliographical references

Contents: (Selected): The war system: Colonial dynamic of capitalism (Third World elites and military power), Monetary imperialism, Dynamic of capitalism within countries, Economic activity of women, Capitalism and democracy, Centralized socialism (Collapse of centralized socialism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union), Capitalism and socialism: a comparison; Economic justice and a peace system: Some elements of economic democracy (Governments and markets, Restructuring the large corporation, Mobility of capital and of people, National self determination, Private property, Local self reliance); Restructuring the international system (Security of international trade, International monetary system); Restructuring

within countries (Kerala, India, The United States); Money, human needs and the environment (Monetized and non monetized work, Human needs and the environment); Economic culture (Restructuring the international monetary system)

Abstract: Analyzes present-day economic systems, presents a vision of the economic aspect of a system which would engender justice, peace and environmental harmony, and discusses initiatives that people can

take individually and collectively to help move toward that vision.

Martin, Vance G. and Nicholas Tyler (eds.) Arctic wilderness Golden, Colorado: North American Press, 1995. 342 p.

Conference: World Wilderness Congress (5th. : Tromso, Norway)

Contents: The wilderness imperative (Player); Wilderness designation - a global trend (Martin); Unspoiled nature - a prerequisite for civilization (Hareide); Indigenous peoples of the north (Magga); The concept of wilderness among the indigenous peoples of the north (Telekova); Indigenous peoples as managers of wildlife in the north (Pungowiyi); The recognition and exercise of Inuit rights and responsibilities (Kuptana); The indigenous peoples of the Arctic - survival demands (Rasmussen); An Australian aboriginal approach to wilderness (Franks); Involving traditional knowledge and rural people in wilderness conservation (Shuenyane); Wilderness - our lifeline on Earth (Sarathy); The use of wilderness for personal

growth and inspiration (Hendee and Pitstick); The wilderness as a resource for healing (Ramphele); Youth and wilderness (Gamstobakk); Is tourism a threat to polar wilderness? an Antarctic case study (Dingwall); Ecotourism, wildland values and wilderness preservation in the U.S. National Forests (Estill); The value of polar wilderness in a global perspective (Kaltenborn); Fridtjof Nansen and the spirit of northern wilderness (Hestmark); Polar wilderness: what does it contribute and to whom? (Roots); Polar wilderness and

biodiversity (Schei); Wild rivers of the north: a reconnaissance-level inventory (McCloskey); A comparison of the legal environmental regimes in the Arctic and Antarctic (Bjorklund); The Arctic and Antarctica: legal and political perspectives (Ulfstein); Governmental structure of the Arctic - the rights and duties of the northern peoples (Eriksen); Regional cooperation in the Arctic as a strategy for marine management (Olsen); National parks and protected areas in polar regions (Lucas); Arctic conservation strategies (Wahlstedt); A protected area system for the Arctic (Prokosch); Finland's wilderness act - a Scandinavian model (Pietikaninen); Sustainable living in the Arctic (Hickel); Sustainable management of the Polar regions (Bernsten); Concepts of wilderness and sustainable use of the Arctic (Muus); Sustainable wilderness in the Arctic (Miller); An ecosystem approach to fishing and management across the North Atlantic (Earle); Fisheries management in an overutilized ocean (Tillion); Developing the natural resources of the Barents Region: opportunities and dangers (Kalinnikov and Vinogradov); Regional development in the Russian Far North (Mikhailov); Weighing the needs of the environmental management and economic development - the challenge for public authorities (Fuhs); The great Arctic reserve - Taymyr Peninsula (Surlien); The idea of wild (Rothenberg); International wilderness allocation, management and research (Hendee and Martin); Arctic wildife and whaling: conflicts in management (Stirling); Translating wilderness (Witoszek); Strategies for protecting Arctic Wilderness (Larsen and Miller); The Polar Basin and its Arctic rim: productivity and global change (Wassmann); Traditional indigenous knowledge and modern resource management (Stenseth); Resolutions of the 5th World Wilderness Congress.

Abstract: Contributions to the 5th World Wilderness Congress which focused on "Wild nature and sustainable living in circumpolar regions".

Nijar, G. S., Ling, Chee Yoke. "Intellectual property rights: the threat to farmers and biodiversity." Third World Network 39 (1993): 35-40. Briefing papers for CSD. Penang: TWN, 1993.

Abstract: This paper traces the historical route by which Northern countries have step by step imposed intellectual property rights regimes on biological materials and how they are now attempting to make these

uniform and universal. It analyzes the intricacies of the state of play in two major fora - the Uruguay Round and the Biodiversity Convention - and shows the implications of patenting life for farmers and biodiversity.

Ontario. Environmental Commissioner of Ontario. Ontario's Environmental Bill of Rights: statements of environmental values for 14 government ministries. Toronto: Environmental Commissioner of Ontario, 1994. 1 v. in various pagings

Ontario. Office of the Environmental Bill of Rights. An introduction to the Environmental Bill of Rights. Toronto: Office of the Environmental Bill of Rights, 1993. 1 v. (loose-leaf)

Contents: Includes Bill 26: an act respecting environmental rights in Ontario; Second draft regulation under the Environmental Bill of Rights : MOEE's classification of instruments; An Introduction to

the Environmental Bill of Rights.

Pietila, Hikka and Jeanne Vickers. Making women matter: the role of the United Nations. (Updated ed.) London: Zed Books, 1994. 198 p.

Notes: Foreword by Gertrude Mongella, Secretary-General of Fourth World Conference on Women [to be held in] Beijing, 1995

Contents: (Selected): Towards new millennia: forward from Nairobi (NGO Forum, 1985); Development from women's point of view; Forward Looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women [FLS]: equality,

development, peace; United Nations Decade for Women 1976-1985; Importance of other world conferences; Institutional breakthrough in the United Nations system; UN System's concrete commitment to

women; Emerging rights of women (In the United Nations Charter, Commission on the Status of Women, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women - full text and

discussion); Issues for the nineties: violence against women and the environment (Women and environment: Agenda 21; General Assembly speaks out; Promises and doubts: women's future with the United Nations. Annexes: Selected guidelines and checklists for women in development (INSTRAW); How to organize a national or local campaign; Relevant international instruments

Abstract: Comprehensively sets out principles and promises made regarding the advancement of women and the integration of their interests into development, while encouraging them to ensure that governments keep their promises.

Political Ecology Group. Toxic empire: the WMX Corporation, hazardous waste, and global strategies for environmental justice. Political Ecology Group action paper no.2. San Francisco: PEG,

1994. 32 p.

Porter, Gareth. The United States and the Biodiversity Convention: The Case for Participation. EESI Papers on environment and development no.1. Washington, DC: Environmental and Energy Study Institute, 1992. 36 p.

Contents: Includes The Negotiations: Background and Context; The Biotechnology Industry's View; Intellectual Property Rights in the Biodiversity Convention; Other Bush Administration Arguments;

Chronology of Negotiations on a Biological Diversity Convention

Abstract: Argues that the US rejection of the Convention on Biological Diversity at the Earth Summit was based on a misreading of the GATT text.

Reid, Suzanne. "LEAP: the Legal and Expert Assistance Program makes environmental justice affordable." Earthkeeper, 4 (2) : 32-33. Guelph: Earthkeeper, 1993.

Renew America. Environmental success index. Washington, D.C.: Renew America, 1995.

Contents: 1 - Natural Resource Conservation: atmosphere, water, biodiversity, food and agriculture, public lands and open space protection, wildlife, oceans and coasts, forests and rangelands; 2 - Economic progress: renewable energy, growth management and regional planning, green buildings and green real estate development, hazardous waste reduction and recycling, pollution prevention, transportation efficiency, job creation, creating information and communication tools, energy efficiency, redefining progress and ecological economics, solid waste reduction and recycling; 3 - Human development : Family planning and population stabilization, community participation, community education, improved public health, institutional education, improved role of women and men, fairness and social justice.

Abstract: This index is a compilation of 1,600 of the most successful environmental programs that can be used as models for other communities to protect, restore and enhance the environment. The environmental programs in the index are divided into 26 categories under three major divisions that contribute to environmental sustainability, natural resource conservation, economic progress, and human development. Within categories programs are grouped according to the type of organization that administers the program:

business, government or nonprofit. Within each division, programs are sorted alphabetically by state and within each state by city or town.

Rifkin, Jeremy and Carol Grunewald Rifkin. Voting green: your complete environmental guide to making political choices in the 1990s. New York: Doubleday, 1992. 390 p.

Contents: (Selected): Green politics (From geopolitics to biosphere politics, Defending the commons, Greening of science and technology); Green legislation (Turning arms into a green dividend, Stewarding public lands, Championing the rights of animals, Genetically engineered nature, Green platform for 1992); Voting green (Congressional green profile and report card, and Bush administration "green" report card)

Rural Advancement Foundation International and United Nations Development Programme. Conserving indigenous knowledge: integrating two systems of innovation: an independent study.

New York: UNDP, 1994. 63 p.

Contents: Issues and trends in intellectual property systems; Issues and trends in biodiversity; Indigenous knowledge of biodiversity; Alternatives to intellectual property rights.

Abstract: This report attempts to document the socio-economic importance of a dynamic "cooperative innovation system" that continues to work - despite overwhelming pressures to destroy it - and continues to

offer humankind an irreplaceable hope for planetary survival. Indigenous knowledge has gone unnoticed by the institutional innovation system for so long because it is not informal or disorganized, as some say, but cooperative and conducted within the pace of daily living. In particular, indigenous peoples' knowledge

systems operate, often invisibly, within the context of their immediate agro-ecological environment.

Russow, Joan, Andrea Clark and Kari Jones. International Women's Committee of the Global Compliance Research Project. Global Compliance Research Project. 1995. 91 p.

Contents: Background of the project; Involvement of the GCRP in the fourth UN Conference on Women...;Objectives of the GCRP; Participants in the project; Introductory notes...; Systemic constraints and obstacles that must be overcome...; Draft charter of action; Legend for interpreting the charter; Preamble; Definitions; Recognition of urgency of the global situation; Principles of action to address

the urgency; Undertaking to comply with principles; Acknowledging the need for action; Proposed actions to address urgency; Endorsing fundamental rights to safety, security and survival; Enshrining and endorsing fundamental rights and freedoms; Endorsing the rights of the future generations; Respecting basic human rights of women and gender equity; Affirming the rights of indigenous peoples; Affirming the rights of persons with disabilities; Ensuring the prevention of environmental degradation; Committing to

non-transference of harm; Converting to and supporting alternative energy and prevention technology; Commitment to peace by moving away from instruments of war and towards peace with justice; Transferring the military budget to socially equitable and ecologically sound development; Dedication to communication, research and information; Promotion of tolerance, public awareness and understanding of global issues through principle-based education; Establishing advisory bodies drawn from non-vested

interest individuals..

Sachs, Aaron. Eco-justice: linking human rights and the environment: Worldwatch paper 127. Washington, D.C.: Worldwatch Institute, 1995. 68 p.

Contents: Introduction: human rights and the environment; What Greenpeace and Amnesty international are learning from each other; Individuals: The traditional human rights focus; Communities: local

people fighting for their environments; Countries: Injustices across borders; The human rights framework for sustainable development; Toward environmental justice

Abstract: This book discusses the linkages between environmental degradation and human rights. The experiences of indigenous people form an important part of this discussion. To work toward social justice

and make development environmentally sustainable, the author recommends that the human rights and environmental movements join forces at the regional and international levels, as they already have at the grassroots level. Together the two groups of activists could devise creative, community-based conservation and development schemes. They might also be able to convince policymakers to enshrine in international law each person's right to a healthy and healthful environment. Grassroots campaigners already have shown

that upholding civil liberties - empowering people to mount protests - is crucial to environmental preservation. Protecting the basic rights of the people most vulnerable to environmental injustices, then, may well be the best way to protect the right of future generations to inherit a planet that is still worth

inhabiting.

Saskatchewan. Standing Committee on the Environment. First report of the Standing Committee on the Environment: report on environmental rights and responsibilities. Regina: The Committee , 1993. 44p.

Notes: Includes bibliography

Contents: Introduction; Purpose; Definition of the environment; Rights of the environment and public trust; Rights of concerned citizens; Ensuring liability; Civil actions; Reasonable defense; Intervenor funding; Issues of relief; Role of the minister; Independent environmental commissioner function.

Abstract: The results of the Committee's five month public hearing and independent investigation process to analyze the environmental rights and responsibilities topic and its connection with other Saskatchewan environmental legislation.

Scarce, Rik. Eco-warriors: understanding the radical environmental movement. Chicago: Noble Press, 1990. 291 p.

Contents: Pt. 1. Towards an understanding: Gandhi meets the Luddites, Question of compromise, Ecology meets philosophy. Pt. 2. Who would dare?: Greenpeace: bridge to radicalism, Earth first! cracking the

mold, Sea shepherds: bringing justice to the high seas, Animal liberation: from labs to hunt sabs, Radical environmentalism's international face. Pt. 3. Environmental activism in practice: Hanging George Washington's bib, Not just tree huggers anymore, Raid on Reykjavik, Crowd on a crane, On the warpath with Anna, Mel, and Lib, In the wild with "The town crier of the global village". Pt. 4. Inspiration and the future: Stirring the pot: radical environmental literature, music, art and theater, Whither radical

environmentalism?

Seidman, Ann and Frederick Anang. Twenty-first-century Africa: towards a new vision of self-sustainable development. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1992. xi, 330 p.

Contents: (Selected): Towards a new economic strategy for sustainable African development (Structural adjustment programs, Popular participation, Foreign aid, Institutional change and structural transformation,

Debates over resource allocation and Africa's role in the world economy ); African regional cooperation and integration: achievements problems and prospects; Education and development: deconstructing a myth to construct reality (Cachet of capital, Conjunction of research and finance, Fads in education and development, Education and economic productivity, Educational equity, access and education of women); Health of the future (Alternative approaches: Food security, justice and sustainability, Women and structural adjustment, Hazards and people's control of space, Occupational health and workers control, Caring for refugees, Environmental management); Facing Africa's ecological crisis; Gender relations and development: political economy and culture (Gender and households, Gender issues in agriculture,

Gender and technology transfer, Gender and structural adjustment, Participatory research methodologies)

Abstract: Culmination of the first phase of work of the Task Force on Sustainable Development in Africa, and focuses on seven key areas: economy, legal order, environment, education, health, gender and

regional integration

Sen, Gita, Adrienne Germain and Lincoln C. Chen (eds). Population policies reconsidered: health, empowerment, and rights. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994. 280 p.

Contents: Reconsidering population policies: ethics, development, and strategies for change; Population and ethics: expanding the moral space; Setting a new agenda: sexual and reproductive health and rights; Challenges from the Women's Health Movement: women's rights versus population control; Development, population, and the environment: a search for balance; Population, well-being and freedom; Honoring human rights in population policies: from declaration to action; Reproductive and sexual rights: a feminist

perspective; The meaning of women's empowerment: new concepts from action; Women's burdens: easing the structural constraints; Women's status, empowerment, and reproductive outcomes; Gender relations

and household dynamics; Reproductive and sexual health services: expanding access and enhancing quality; A reproductive health approach to the objectives and assessment of family planning programs; Reaching young people: ingredients of effective programs; Fertility control technology: a women-centered approach to research; Financing reproductive and sexual health services.

Abstract: This volume brings together a combination of scholars, senior policy-makers and women's health advocates who have experiences in population policy and family planning program implementation. They

explore future directions for population policy centered on health, women's empowerment, and human rights. The underlying premise is that public policy should assure the rights and well-being of people already born and those who will inevitably be born, rather than simply attempt to limit the ultimate size of the world's population. The contributors discuss why such a shift in population policies is necessary, and propose how policies can be transformed to honor human rights, especially women's rights. The book delineates policy changes needed to ensure that women can act on their own behalf. It also analyzes the practical aspects of achieving the proposed reproductive health and rights agenda. The aim is to contribute to a new consensus on policy directions for the 21st century.

Shand, Hope. "There is a conflict between intellectual property rights and the rights of farmers in developing countries." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics (1991):132-141. 1991.

Abstract: Attempts by Third World nations to receive compensation for their biological diversity are being thwarted by corporations seeking to patent this genetic material. Industrialized nations are vigorously promoting the global extension and harmonization of intellectual property laws, with the ultimate goal of exclusive control over biological products and processes.

Shiva, Vandana. "The effects of WTO on women's rights." Third World Resurgence no.61/62 (1995):52-55. Penang: TWN, 1995.

Abstract: With the advent of a new regime of globalization as a result of the conclusion of the GATT final agreement and the establishment of the WTO, a new era of gender politics has begun. Gender analysis in

the new era requires a paradigm shift away from the domestic realm to the global arena.

Society for International Development. People's rights and security: sustainable development strategies for the 21st. (twenty-first) century: conference report. SID, 1994.

Notes: from the 21st. Triennial World Conference

South and Meso American Indian Rights Center. Draft of the Inter-American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Oakland, CA: SAIIC, 1996. 11 p.

Notes: Draft approved by the IACHR at the 1278 session held on September 18, 1995

Subramanian, Arvind. "The international economics of intellectual property rights protection: a welfare-theoretic trade policy analysis." World Development 19 no.8 (1991): 945-956. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1991.

Abstract: This paper provides an analytical construct for examining the trade policy effects of greater intellectual property protection in technology importing countries. It is shown that two types of conflict are likely to arise between net technology importers and exporters. The first relates to the level of protection with importers preferring a low level and exporters a high one. The second conflict relates to the manner of protection with importers likely to prefer discriminatory regimes favoring local R&D creation, whereas exporters would prefer nondiscriminatory protection in importing countries.

Sugarman, Jim. Field guide to labor rights. Washington, D.C.: Essential Books, 1993. 57 p.

Contents: (Selected): Multinational corporations and the world labor market; Ten early warning signs of plant closings; Using international agreements to enforce labor rights; How to use GSP provisions to

improve labor conditions; How to use ILO standards; Worker organizations; Common toxic chemicals used by industry and their effects.

Abstract: Handbook created to help workers and communities around the world demand equal treatment from the multinational corporations they have allowed to operate in their own countries.

Swanson, Elizabeth J. and Elaine L. Hughes. The price of pollution: environmental litigation in Canada. Edmonton: Environmental Law Centre, 1990. 208 p.

Contents: Civil litigation; General principles; Common law tort actions; Environmental legislation and civil litigation; Charter of Rights and Freedoms and environmental litigation; In the public interest: environmental litigation in the absence of personal gain; Prosecutions; General principles; Environmental offences; Sentencing in environmental cases; Reform issues; Environmental reform in the 1990s; Reforming environmental law and policy: the issues; Reforming environmental law and policy: conclusions.

Abstract: The authors' intent is to provide an overview of Canadian environmental law and policy which would be useful to anyone with an interest in the area. The book is divided into three parts. The first is about civil litigation; that is, legal action taken to enforce (primarily) private rights. Actions based upon the common law of torts and legislation (including the Charter of Rights) are discussed in this part with an entire chapter devoted to the topic of public interest litigation. Part II concerns prosecutions and

covers many issues ranging from due diligence to sentencing factors. The final part is intended to identify the cause(s) and nature of current reform initiatives in environmental law and policy.

Tessitore, John and Susan Woolfson (eds). United Nations Association of the United States of America. A global agenda: issues before the 49th [forty ninth] General Assembly of the United Nations. New York: University Press of America, v ; annual

Notes: Library holds 1994-1995 edition

Contents: (Selected): Making and keeping the peace; Arms control and disarmament; Economics and development; Global resource management (Environment and sustainable development, Food and agriculture, Population, Law of the Sea, ocean affairs and Antarctica); Human rights and social issues (Refugees, Drug abuse, production and trafficking, Status of women); Legal issues (Peace and security,

Space law, International Court of Justice); Finance and administration.

Torres-Rivas, Edelberto and Mirta Gonzalez-Suarez. Obstacles and hopes: perspectives for democratic development in El Salvador. Montreal: International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development, 1994. 79 p.

Contents: (Selected): Recent history; Security rights; Participatory rights; Welfare rights; Non-discrimination rights

Abstract: Analysis of the prospects for democratic development in a country scarred by a civil war that lasted almost 12 years, with a history of authoritarian rule, social exclusion and extreme poverty

Treaty and Aboriginal Rights Research Centre of Manitoba. A debt to be paid: treaty land entitlement in Manitoba. Winnipeg: Treat and Aboriginal Rights Research Centre of Manitoba , 1994. 32 p.

Abstract: To this day, a number of Manitoba First Nations have not received the full amount of land which was promised by Treaty. This issue is referred to as Treaty land entitlement.

United Nations Decade for Women, Manitoba Committee for UN Decade for Women and Canada. Secretary of State. Women and justice/injustice: conference report, 1992 conference... March 20-21, 1992, Winnipeg. Winnipeg: The Committee, 1992.

Notes: "Eight years 'til 2000"

Contents: (Selected): Women in development and the economic status of women North and South (O'Neil); Strategies for change (Rebick); Conflict resolution (Haid); Healing: the Aboriginal women's way to justice;

Violence against women - the greatest injustice; Strategies to the year 2000 (Smith)

United Nations Environment Programme. Industry and Environment Office. Companies' organization and public communication on environmental issues. UNEP/IEO technical report series.

Paris: UNEP, 1991. 129 p.

Contents: (Selected): Factors influencing companies to improve their environmental performance (Legal requirements and increased regulations); Companies' organization to deal with environmental issues; Public communication. Appendices include examples of companies' organizational structures concerning the

environment, their organizational charts, policy statements, and environmental performance reports (e.g.Noranda Minerals, US EPA (Emergency planning and community right-to-know), Responsible care

program of the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA)). Appendix 8 has examples of environmental principles and guidelines for industry (ICC Business Charter for Sustainable Development, CEFIC guidelines for the communication of environmental information to the public, 1990 CERES guide to the Valdez Principles). Appendix 9: extracts of staff newsletters. Appendix 10: extracts of annual reports (Allied Signal, CIBA-GEIGY, Dow, Noranda)

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. The state of the world's refugees: in search of solutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. 264 p.

Contents: Introduction; 1 - Changing approaches to the refugee problem; 2 - Protecting human rights; 3 - Keeping the peace; 4 - Promoting development; 5 - Managing migration; Conclusion; Annex 1 - The

problem with refugee statistics; Annex 2 - Statistical tables; Annex 3 - UNHCR in brief.

Abstract: This book discusses the global refugee problem by examining the origins of the current crisis. It provides a comprehensive account of the way in which approaches to the problem of human displacement

have changed since the end of the Cold War. While the right of asylum must be scrupulously maintained, the book argues, grater efforts must also be made to tackle refugee problems at their source, by restoring peace and prosperity to countries where large numbers of people have been forced to abandon their homes. And to achieve this objective, concerted international action will be required to protect human rights, establish effective peacekeeping operations, promote sustainable development and manage migratory

movements. This book also provides a set of statistical tables, graphs and maps, describing the state of the world's refugees. The report includes 25 case studies, examining key refugee situations around the world and showing how new approaches to the problem of human displacement are being put into practice.

United Nations. Commission on the Status of Women. [Miscellaneous conference materials]. v. in box

Conference: World Conference on Women (4th. : 1995 : Beijing)

Contents: Includes Women's Health and the Fourth World Conference on Women (Canada. Women's Health Bureau); Intellectual property rights of indigenous women recognized; First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton remarks for the ...Conference; Women-food : those that feed the world eat last, and least (Son); Beijing conference: gender justice and global apartheid (Shiva); North-South difference in perception on Beijing; Beijing Declaration of indigenous women (Asia Indigenous Women's Network); After Beijing, new aid and trade conditionalities? (Khor)

United Nations. Commission on the Status of Women. [Miscellaneous pre-conference materials]. New York: UN, 1994. v. in box notes: Theme: "Action for development, quality and peace". Authors and dates of publication vary.

Conference: World Conference on Women (4th : 1995 : Beijing)

Contents: (Selected): Draft Platform for Action; NGO Forum on Women '95 bulletins; Wealth of nations, poverty of women (ECE regional preparatory meeting, Vienna October 1994); WIDE perspective paper

for the World Summit on Social Development and the fourth World Conference on Women; The long road to Beijing : a brief history of U.N. initiatives leading to the Fourth World Conference on Women (Allen and others); Regional platform for action : women in a changing world - call for action from an ECE perspective (Economic Commission for Europe); Adoption of the report : Vienna NGO Forum 94 Call to Action; onward to Beijing : for equality, development peace (newsletter of the Canadian Beijing Facilitating Committee); Canada's national report to the United Nations for the...conference; ngo news: without waiting for Beijing; U.S. delegates; Statement of the South Asian Women's caucus; Agenda for equal partnership (Bangladesh); Your rights in Beijing; Focus on 4WCW; Women's linkage caucus; 180 days/180 ways: women's action campaign; Take the brackets off women's lives; IWTC global net: new and developments about the fourth world conference on women; NGO forum on women Beijing '95 information packet; '95 preview: shaping the agenda for the 4FCW; Policy recommendations from the Women and Sustainable Development: Canadian Perspectives Conference.

United Nations. Committee on the Status of Women. [Miscellaneous conference materials]. New York: UN, 1995. v. in box

Conference: World Conference on Women (4th : 1995 : Beijing)

Contents: (selected): A pledge to gender justice; A women's creed; South Asian Women's declaration for equal political power; Women taking hold of information technologies; NGO Beijing declaration; Final

countdown to Beijing; Women, health and the environment: action for cancer prevention campaign; Sustainable futures: women in science and energy; Women and the environment: towards sustainable

societies; Bottlenecks of development in Africa; UN Fourth World Conference on Women press kit

United Nations. [Miscellaneous conference and post-conference materials] New York: UN, 1994. v. in box

Conference: International Conference on Population and Development (1994 : Cairo)

Contents: Includes ICPD materials: Government of Canada statement by Sergio Marchi; kit of Canadian materials including CIDA documents. Key note address to the International Conference....(Gro Harlem

Brundtland); Programme of action of the ICPD (unedited). Report of the International Conference on Population and Development (United Nations). World Programme of Action : a new paradigm for

population policy (Sen). Women, politics, and global management: the Cairo Conference (Chen, Fitzgerald, Bates). IN/Fire ethics: newsletter of the International Network of Feminists Interested in

Reproductive Health [special issue on ICPD]. Consumption: the other side of population for development (Ramphal); National perspectives on population and development : synthesis of 168 national reports prepared for the ....(United Nations Population Fund); Summary of the programme of action of the International Conference....(United Nations); V.1. Population and development: programme of action adopted at the International Conference...(United Nations Department for Economic and Social

Information Policy Analysis); ICPD news (UNFPA Task Force on ICPD Implementation; Report of the Round Table on Women's Perspectives on Family Planning, Reproductive Health and Reproductive Rights.

New perspectives on population: lessons from Cairo (Ashford); Wedline : Environmental Liason Centre International special newsletter on Women, Environment and Sustainable Development for the Fourth World Conference on Women : issue no. 3/4; Women watching ICPD : one year after Cairo.... (Sadasivam)

Wallace, Aubrey. Green means: living gently on the planet. K Q E D Books, 1994. 251 p.

Notes: Includes bibliography

Contents: Green cowboy: Jack Turnell manages his ranch the green way; The buffalo return: Fred DuBray brings back the buffalo and tribal tradition; Crimes against nature: Ken Goddard brings high-tech

investigation to wildlife crimes; Reef relief: DeeVon Quirolo works to preserve living coral reefs; Colored cotton: Sally Fox raises organic cotton in natural colors; Sewage sanctuary: Bob Gearheart runs a state-of-the-art green sewage plant; Shamans & scientists: Lisa Conte helps preserve the rainforest by developing new drugs; Habitat forming: Steve Packard restores a forgotten ecosystem in Illinois; Guru of the old growth: Jerry Franklin works to both preserve and harvest timber; Seeds of life: Catherine Sneed creates

an organic garden for prison inmates; The population connection: Nancy Wallace lobbies Congress on population issues; Prairie prophet: Wes Jackson works to invent the ultimate sustainable agriculture; Barnyard biodiversity: Don Bixby preserves disappearing breeds of farm animals; The recyclers of Cairo: Laila Kamel recycles rags in Cairo and offers new hope to girls; Solar ovens: Dan Kammen introduces appropriate energy technology in Kenya; Organic milk: The Straus family preserves their farm by becoming an organic dairy; Tackling Texas toxics: Susana Almanza fights toxic waste and environmental racism; Salmon habitat: Billy Frank uses Indian fishing rights to save the salmon; Always cry wolf: Renee Askins works to reintroduce the wolf to Yellowstone; Save the tigers: Ullas Karanth studies tigers to save them; Green means and environmental education (Pendergraft) Green Means programs

Abstract: Based on the popular PBS television spots, the book presents 20 success stories of local environmental activists: what they did, how they did it, and why it worked.

Wijk, Jeroen van, Joel I. Cohen and John Komen. "Intellectual property rights for agricultural biotechnology: options and implications for developing countries." ISNAR research report no.3. The Hague: International Service for National Agricultural Research, 1993. 38 p.

Contents: Introduction; Intellectual property protection of biotechnology; The global technology system and IPR protection; Developing country responses, assessing complexities; Towards an international

agreement on the legal protection of biotechnological innovations; Developing country responses, assessing the