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Selected Sources ... Civil Society

Abouchar, Juli A. "A foot in the door: Environmental groups pursue a stronger role in ensuring compliance in international agreements". Alternatives Journal 23 (Spring, 1997) : 20-24.

Aggarwal-Khan, Sheila. A grassroots reflection on Agenda 21. Nairobi, Kenya; Environment Liaison Centre International, 1997. 49 p.

Abstract: This report provides the results of a consultation process that sought input from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and community-based organizations (CBOs) regarding the usefulness of Agenda 21. The survey provides information on the constraints that NGOs and CBOs face as they attempt to solve environmental problems along with viewpoints on the accomplishments of Agenda 21 since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). Recommendations are provided for making Agenda 21 more relevant and useful and for the efforts of NGOs and CBOs to be carried out with greater effectiveness and coordination.

Alders, Carine, Bertus Haverkort and Laurens van Veldhuizen (eds.). Linking with farmers : networking for low-external-input and sustainable agriculture. London, UK: Intermediate Technology Publications, 1993. 298 p.

Abstract: This book presents experiences of different forms of networking to promote Low-External-input and Sustainable Agriculture (LEISA), focused on linkages among and between farmers, development fieldworkers and researchers.

Altieri, Miguel A., et al. Assessing the sustainability of NGO-LED agroecological interventions in Latin America. 10 p.

Note: Unpublished monograph presented at Conference.

Conference: SANREM-CRSP Conference on Indicators of Sustainability.

Abstract: NGOs are the new actors of rural development in Latin America. Many have embraced the agroecological approach as a new solution to the problem of small farm productivity. This paper analyzes several case studies of NGO agroecological interventions in Latin America, assessing their impact in terms of production, enhanced food security, improved income and better conservation of the natural resource base. A specific study of wheat production in Chile using a natural resource accounting technique, demonstrates the economic viability of agroecological technologies when soil depreciation is considered.

Alyanak, Leyla. (ed.). Sustainable development. Voices from Africa no.6. Geneva, CH: United Nations Non-Governmental Liaison Service (NGLS), 1996. 77 p.

Abstract: This book contains a collection of papers from African authors who discuss progress towards sustainable development in their continent. A series of topics are covered: Development of a National Environmental Policy in Ghana for environmental management; Management of toxic waste dumping by the Environmental Council of Zambia; State of environmental journalism in Africa; Need for a political role on the part of NGOs; The harnessing of an institutional process by civil society through the development of a network on desertification; Campfire program in Zimbabwe as an example of the need to consider the beliefs and attitudes held by people within development programmes; Development of Green Zones agricultural cooperatives in Mozambique to give farmers a stronger voice in the development of Mozambique; Providing food security through the conservation and fullest use of crop genetic resources;

Development of national and private institutions in Kenya to deal with climate change; Problems created by eco-tourism for indigenous peoples in Africa; Attitudes of countries to the receipt of development aid.

Annis, Sheldon, et al. Poverty, natural resources, and public policy in Central America.

U.S.-Third World Policy Perspectives no.17. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1992. 199p.

Abstract: The book addresses several future-oriented questions: What kinds of regional arrangements can address cross-border environmental problems? How can the new social energy and political activism of the poor be better incorporated into the political process? What types of public-sector institutions need to be created to link the sometimes contrary objectives of poverty alleviation and resource conservation? What agricultural strategies will the region need to embrace? What can be done about the inherent maldistribution of land in market-oriented economies?

Asian NGO Coalition. Economy, ecology & spirituality : toward a theory and practice of sustainability. New York, NY: The People-Centered Development Forum, 1993. 15 p.

Abstract: A growing gap between rich and poor and accelerating environmental and social disintegration offer powerful testimony to the failure of conventional development practice in countries of both South and North. This failure has given birth to a global effort to build commitment to an alternative citizen’s vision of human progress grounded in commitment to just, inclusive, and sustainable human societies. This effort has been handicapped in its confrontation with the forces of the status quo by its lack of an alternative theory and practice. This paper presents the outlines of such a theory and practice grounded in the premise that the sustainability crisis is a direct consequence of development’s contribution to accelerating the historical processes by which the human species has become increasingly alienated from its spiritual connection to nature and community. A sustainable social practice must decentralize and distribute economic power in ways that facilitate the restoration of this connection.

Audirac, Ivonne (ed.) Rural sustainable development in America. New York, NY: J. Wiley, 1997. 448 p.

Abstract: This volume presents guidelines for dealing with the problems of development in rural areas, with coverage that encompasses theory, strategic planning and policy implementation, and practical experience. It contains an in-depth examination of the problems faced by rural American towns, communities, and families, and it explores a range of innovative solutions based on the concepts of sustainable use of indigenous talents and resources.

Australia. National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development : December 1992. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1992. 128 p.

Abstract: In this document the Intergovernmental Steering Committee establishes a policy strategy that governments can use to achieve ecologically sustainable development (ESD) in Australia. The document provides the strategy in two forms, the first is structured by resource based industry sector (eg. Forestry) and the second provides the same information for specific issues (eg. Land Use) that are relevant to the activities of several industrial sectors. The future development of ESD in Australia is discussed with specific reference to conflict management, public participation, monitoring, and review.

Barber, Charles Victor. Environmental scarcities : state capacity : civil violence : the case of Indonesia. Cambridge, MA: Committee on International Security Studies. American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1997. 99 p.

Contents: Summary; I - Introduction: "The state" and "state capacity" - working definitions, Thesis of the case study; II - Legacies of the past and the birth of the new order: Sukarno and the old order, The coup attempt of 1965 and the beginnings of the new order, Legacies of the past - Summary; III - New order state capacity - Growth, strengths, and weaknesses: Economic development and natural resources, Political institutions and natural resource policies,

Civil society and local natural resources management, New order state capacity: Strengths and weaknesses; IV - Forest resource scarcity and the growing potential for social conflict: Forestlands and resources - Status and trends, New order forest institutions and policymaking, The sources of forest resource scarcity, The varieties of forest resource conflict; V - Natural resource scarcity and conflict in the next Twenty-Five Years - Probable impacts on state capacity : Likely trends in natural resource scarcity and conflict, Likely impacts on state capacity, Conclusion.

Abstract: This study explores the dynamics of environmental scarcity, resource conflict, and state capacity in Indonesia. The historical roots of President Soeharto’s "New Order" regime are reviewed. The evolution, strengths and weaknesses of state capacity under the New Order, with reference to the role of natural resources are discussed. The author examines the forestry sector, especially the scarcity of forest resources, the kinds of conflicts that arise from forest resource scarcities, and New Order responses to these scarcities. The future capacity of the New Order state to adapt to intensifying economic, social, political, and environmental pressures, and the extent to which resource scarcities directly and indirectly diminish that capacity are examined.

Barndt, Deborah. Naming the moment : political analysis for action : a manual for community groups. Toronto: The Moment Project, 1989. 90 p.

Abstract: This book introduces the concept of "naming the moment" which involves political analysis for action at a given moment as a means of understanding how current social forces coordinate to affect our strategies in the short term. The history of the concept and the four phases of the method are defined. Two applications of the method are provided and a number of ways of integrating the process into the daily life of organizations are suggested.

Bauer, Jan. Report of NGO expert meeting on the mandate of the special rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences. Montreal: International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development, 1994. 45 p.

Contents: Introduction; Overview of developments leading to the appointment of the special rapporteur on violence against women; Summary of the scope of the mandate; Normative framework of the mandate of the special rapporteur; Building the mandate; Documenting violence against women; The potential for cooperative relationships.

Abstract: Summarizes oral and written commentaries provided by participants as well as points raised in general discussion.

Beale, Albert (ed.). Housmans peace diary and world peace directory 1997. 44^th edition. London: Housmans Peace Directories, 1996. v.; annual.

Abstract: The diary part of this publication contains quotations and dates for celebration or protest. The directory provides descriptive and contact information on 1900 peace, environmental and human rights groups from around the world. Emphasis is giving to grassroots non-governmental groups. National and international listings are provided. This edition includes editorial features that look at issues relating to the growing power of multi-national corporations over various areas of peoples lives and the work of groups resisting them.

Beamish, Rowena and Clyde Sanger (eds.). Canadian Development Report 1996-97 : fairness in a shifting world. Ottawa, Ontario: North-South Institute, 1996. v.; annual.

Abstract: This annual publication contains a series of essays that discuss Canada’s relationship with developing countries. Discussions consider development assistance, trade, human rights, gender issues, ethnicity, globalization and population growth. The appendix contains a collection of development statistics on trade and aid as well as other selected indicators.

Benchmark Environmental Consulting. Democratic global civil governance : report of the 1995 Benchmark survey of NGOs. Portland, Maine: Benchmark, 1995. 100 p.

Bernstein, Johannah. CPCU report on Canadian government and NGO participation at United Nations Conference on Environment and Development; UNCED. Ottawa: Canadian Participatory Committee for UNCED, 1992. 9 p.

Conference: United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (1992 : Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

Blackburn, J. Walton and Willa Marie Bruce (eds.). Mediating environmental conflicts : theory and practice. Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 1995. 309 p.

Abstract: Provides an examination of environmental mediation by 28 experts from diverse perspectives as well as stresses the need for mediated dispute resolution as an alternative to litigation. Case studies analyze nuclear waste siting, highway design, wilderness designation, field burning, and Environmental Impact Statement development.

Boyle, Alan E. and Michael R. Anderson (eds.). Human rights approaches to environmental protection. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1996. 313 p.

Abstract: This collection of essays explores the linkages between the environment and human rights and responds to the growing debate among activists, lawyers, academics and policy-makers on the legal status of environmental rights in both international and domestic law, and on proposals for a human right to a satisfactory environment. The first part of the book deals mainly with the protection of the environment in international human rights law and EC law, while the second part concentrates on problems and experience in developing countries, some of which have already incorporated environmental rights and international constitutional law.

Bradbury, Mark, Simon Fisher and Charles Lane. Working with pastoralist NGOs and land conflicts in Tanzania : a report on a workshop held in Terrat, Tanzania 11^th-15^th December, 1994. London, UK: International Institute for Environment and Development, 1994. 53 p.

Abstract: This report is a record of a "conflict resolution" training workshop, that was held in Terrat village, Simanjiro district, Arusha region in northern Tanzania, between 11^th and 15^th December

1994. The workshop was organised by the Education, Research, and Planning Committee of PINGOs, a forum for Pastoral Indigenous Non-governmental Organisations, that are working to improve and protect the rights of pastoralists in Tanzania. The workshop, entitled "Conflict Resolution within a Truly Democratic Society", was planned by PINGOs as the first module of a longer term programme of "Democracy Training for Pastoralists Development Workers". The workshop took place on 10^th December, after a day of celebration that marked the Decade of Indigenous Peoples. It brought together over forty representatives from Tanzania’s Maasai and Barabaig pastoral communities, as well as Hadzabe and Ndorobo hunter and gathering communities.

Brattemark, Maria. A discussion on the interaction between the European Community and the environmental non-governmental organizations. The Author: Uppsala University. 1993. 22 p.

Contents: The context and the actors; The interaction; Summary.

Abstract: Defines the actors and provides a discussion on their interactions.

Brodhead, Tim and Cranford Pratt. From friction to a fresh start : CIDA, NGOs and foreign policy . Ottawa: North-South Institute, 1994. 8 p.

Burrell, Terry. CSA environmental standards writing : barriers to environmental non-governmental organizations involvement. Toronto, ON: Canadian Institute for Environmental Law and Policy, 1997. Various.

Abstract: This report reviews the factors that have limited the participation of environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the Canadian Standard Associations (CSA’s) work in the environmental area. The report begins by discussing the current standards writing processes in Canada with particular emphasis given to the ISO 14000 series of international standards that are being developed by the International Organization for Standardization. The CSA standards writing process is discussed with consideration given to the committee structure and function. The report examines the three sets of issues that have been identified by NGOs regarding the present CSA process: NGO concerns and criticisms of ISO 14001, ISO 14000 and CSA standards "products", and underlying NGO concerns regarding the CSA.

Canada. Status of Women Canada. Canada’s national report to the United Nations for the fourth World Conference on Women. Ottawa, Canada: 1995. 85 p.

Contents: Review and appraisal at the national level; Changes since the early 1980s; Mechanisms at all levels to promote the advancement of women; Awareness of, and commitment to, internationally and nationally recognized women’s human rights; Poverty; Women’s access to, and participation in, the definition of economic structures and policies and the productive process itself; Access to education, health, employment and other means to maximize awareness of women’s human rights and the use of the capacities; Violence against women; Effects on women of continuing national and international armed or other kinds of conflict; Use of mass media to promote women’s positive contributions to society; Adequate recognition and support for women’s contribution to managing natural resources and safeguarding the environment; Review and appraisal of international support; Future strategic goals and objectives.

Abstract: This report provides information on Canada’s national and international activities and accomplishments that address the needs of Canadian women and that will bring them closer to equality with men.

Canadian Beijing Facilitating Committee. Take action for equality, development and peace : a Canadian follow-up guide to Beijing ‘95. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women, 1996. 184 p.

Conference: United Nations Conference on Women (4^th : 1995 : Beijing)

Abstract: This publication was created as a guide for women to follow-up the Beijing conference and to facilitate local, provincial, and national action to educate our communities about the Beijing Platform For Action (PFA) and to hold governments accountable for their commitments. Each chapter has a different theme such as Women and Poverty with related subthemes: food security, housing, fare wages, global economic restructuring. In each of these subthemes the authors describe what the PFA has to say about that particular subtheme, what this means for women in Canada, and how you can take action through your community, lobbying governments or acting individually.

Canadian Council for International Co-operation. Who’s who in international development : a profile of Canadian NGOs. Ottawa, Ontario: CCIC, 1995. 237 p.

Abstract: Publication provides information on the type of organization, statement of purpose, personnel, branch offices, overseas development programme, development education programme, partnership(s) and/or affiliation(s) with other NGOs, publications, and a financial summary.

Capra, Fritjof and Gunter Pauli (eds.). Steering business toward sustainability. Llanham, MD: United Nations University Press, 1995. 191 p.

Contents: The challenge; NGOs as a driving force (Lutzenberger); Educating the executive and students (McDivitt); The learning process within corporations (Motomura); Assessing corporate environmental performance (Martins et al); Media, community and business (Utne); The role of government (Griefahn); Ecological tax reform (Daly); New concepts of fiduciary responsibility (Tasch and Viederman); Industrial clusters of the twenty first century (Pauli); Living machines (Todd and Todd); The next hundred years (Chouinard).

Abstract: Business activities are responsible, directly, for most human impacts on the earth’s ecosystems, yet business is conducted with little thought of its sustainability. Sustainability, in its ecological and social components, poses business an inescapable challenge: without sustainability there will soon be no more profits. Hence business people have a strong self interest in minimizing the ecological damage of their operations. In this book, the authors outline new practical approaches that business and society must take to meet this challenge.

Carmen, Raff. Communication, education and empowerment. Manchester, U.K.: Haigh & Hochland, 1990. 121 p.

Abstract: This book discusses development communication. The first chapter investigates the diffusion of innovation as a part of development. The author discusses communications role in changing society and the concept of extension and the myth of people’s ignorance. A third system of communication is described that abandons the present top-down approach instead adopting an asymmetrical and unidirectional framework that removes power from the market and state. In the second chapter the author discusses the concept of rural development and the evolving role of participation and empowerment. The theory and practice of participatory communication are discussed in the final chapter using a series of case studies in Africa.

Centre for Applied Studies in International Negotiations. Non-governmental organisations and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) : a report. Geneva: CASIN, 1994. 45 p.

Chambers, Robert. Challenging the professions : frontiers for rural development. London, UK: Intermediate Technology Publication, 1993. 143 p.

Contents: Normal professionalism, new paradigms and development; Managing rural development: procedures, principles and choices; Project selection for poverty-focused rural development: simple is optional; Health, agriculture and rural poverty: why seasons

matter; Farmer first: a practical paradigm for the third agriculture; Normal professionalism and the early project process: problems and solutions; Thinking about NGOs’ priorities: additionality and spread; The state and rural development: ideologies and an agenda for the 1990s.

Chatterjee, Pratap and Matthias Finger. The earth brokers : power, politics and world development. London, UK: Routeldge, 1994. 191 p.

Abstract: This book provides a critical overview of the entire UNCED process. The authors look at its origin, its context, and the major agents involved, as well as its outcomes. The main documents that have been written in preparation and as part of the process are critically assessed. The authors look at the major non-state players in the UNCED process, these include non-governmental organizations as well as business and industry. The financial and institutional outcomes of the process are discussed with consideration of what we can expect for the future. The book concludes with an analysis of what this means for the planet.

Cherrett, Ian., et al. "Redefining the roles of environmental NGOs in Africa". Development in Practice 5 (February 1995): 26-35.

Chessa, Cecilia. Democratic consolidation in Eastern Germany and Poland : state

socialist legacies, unification, and civil society. Working Papers. Washington, D.C.: Center for German & European Studies, 1996. 34 p.

Chuma-Mkandawire, Sinanzeni, et al. Partnership : matching rhetoric to reality : an NGO discussion paper. Ottawa, ON: Partnership Africa Canada, 1989. 39 p.

Cleveland, Harlan, Hazel Henderson and Inge Kaul (eds.). "Special issue : the United Nations at fifty : policy and financing alternatives". Futures : the journal of forecasting, planning and policy 27 (2 : March 1995): 107-269.

Contents: The United Nations : its future is its funding (Cleveland); New markets and new commons : opportunities in the global casino (Henderson); Where is globalization taking us ? : why we need a new ‘Bretton Woods’ (Miller); Financing the United Nations’ operations : a frustrating nightmare (Cardenas, Sersale di Cerisano, Avalle); Financing the United Nations : some possible solutions (Childers); A new system to finance the United Nations (Orville, Najman);

Beyond financing : giving the United Nations power of the purse (Kaul); Restructuring economic and financial power : The potential role of a foreign exchange-transaction levy (Langmore); The Tobin tax proposal : background, issues and prospects (Felix); The United Nations Security Insurance Agency (UNSIA) proposal : a preliminary assessment (Smith); Financing civil society for a global responsibility (Cassani); Alternative funding : looking beyond the nation-state (Bezanson, Mendez); Innovative resource management for social development; reforming the UN : the view of the American people (Kay); From Rio to Copenhagen (Strong); Rethinking Bretton Woods (Griesgraber); Evolution of the market economy : the responsibility and contribution of business (Giscard d’Estaing); Other reform initiatives for global peace and development; The Commission on global governance; Working group on the future of the United Nations system; Charter of the Global Commission to fund the United Nations; State of the United Nations: decline or regeneration in the next 50 years.

Abstract: A collection of papers that discuss the present state of the United Nations and possible reforms that should be made in terms of both policy and finance.

Commission on Global Governance. Our global neighbourhood. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1995. 410 p.

Abstract: Deals with how the world has been transformed since 1945, making changes necessary in our governance arrangement. Recommends promoting security (including the security of people and the planet), for managing economic interdependence, for reforming the United Nations in ways that also offer a larger role to people through the organizations of international civil society and for extending on the global stage the rule of law.

Council for Advancement of People’s Action and Rural Technology. Action plan to bring about a collaborative relationship between VOs and government. New Delhi: CAPART, 13 p.

Dakers, Sonya. Animal rights campaigns: their impact in Canada. Ottawa, ON: Minister of

Supply and Services, 1992. 19 p.

Dalal-Clayton, Barry. Getting to grips with green plans : national-level experience in industrialised countries. London, UK: Earthscan, 1996. 280 p.

Abstract: This study reviews and compares 20 recent green planning initiatives in 12 industrialized countries: Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Latvia, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Sweden, the UK and the USA, together with regional initiatives in eastern and western Europe. The majority are government sponsored initiatives, but two were conducted by non-governmental organizations, and one was a programme of the European Union. They include activities that preceded the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) and others. The initiatives include a wide range of different approaches (environmental plans, strategies, legislative instruments, reports to parliaments, and sustainable development commissions).

Davis, Shelton H. and Katrinka Ebbe (eds.). Traditional knowledge and sustainable development : proceedings of a conference. Environmentally Sustainable Development Proceedings series no. 4. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1995. 58 p.

Contents: Introduction; Traditional knowledge and cultural survival; Traditional knowledge, land and the environment; Traditional knowledge and agricultural sustainability; Contributions of traditional medicine to health; Traditional institutions and participation; Government policies and traditional knowledge; Building a new partnership; Conclusion.

Abstract: Highlights the proceedings of a conference held September 1993.

Earth Council. Rio agreements : prioritary actions, actors and initiatives. San Jose, Costa Rica: 1993, ca. 22 p.

Contents: Pt. 1 (Tables 1 and 2) Analysis from questionnaires. Pt. 2 Comparison between Agenda 21 and NGO Treaties. Pt. 3 UNCED follow-up initiatives.

Earth Council and Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture. The Earth Summit-ECO 92 : different visions. San Jose, C.R.: IICA, 1994. 336 p.

Abstract: This volume presents a syntheses of the following documents approved by the governments at the Earth Summit held in Brazil in July 1992 : The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, the Agreements on Biodiversity and Climate Change and the Declaration of Forest Principles, and a condensation of Agenda 21. This volume also includes the 46 treaties of the nongovernmental organizations at ECO 92, among them the People’s Earth Declaration, the Rio de Janeiro Declaration, and the Earth Charter, which provide a different vision on the same topics.

Edwards, Michael and David Hulme (eds.). Non-governmental organisations - performance and accountability : beyond the magic bullet. London, UK: Earthscan, 1995. 180 p.

Abstract: This book takes a critical look at the growth of NGOs, both in their numbers and in the size of their budgets, and their growing closeness to governments and official aid agencies. The authors discuss the lack of effective performance-assessment and accountability methods and make suggestions as to how these methods could be improved. Distinctions between accountability within public, private, and ‘third-sector’ institutions, the consequences of ‘linear thinking’ for NGO accountability, and NGO governance and its relationship to accountability are among the topics discussed. A series of case studies from different regions are included, each describes and analyses what happens to NGO and GRO performance and accountability under different conditions.

Edwards, Michael and David Hulme (eds.). Making a difference : NGOs and development in a changing world. London, UK: Earthscan, 1992. 240 p.

Abstract: This book is designed to enhance the effectiveness of the work of NGOs by encouraging them, their staff and their supporters to examine the different ways to increase their impact. Comprising a range of essays from experts recognized for their experience in NGOs and the voluntary sector, it reviews the strengths, weaknesses, problems and opportunities presented by the different options available to NGOs, and illustrates them with a wide range of specific case studies.

Eikeland, Per Ove. US environmental NGOs in the greenhouse : towards changed strategies? EED working paper no.1993/5. Lysaker, NO: The Fridtjof Nansen Institute, 1993. 37 p.

Abstract: The paper examines whether and how NGOs’ mode of working has changed in response to a new generation of environmental problems. The author postulates that a tendency towards change can be discerned - a change in the direction of increased cooperation with traditional adversaries and increased acceptance of market solutions to environmental problems. A framework for understanding NGOs’ use and change of strategies is also developed using a historical survey of the environmental movement.

"Environment for Europe" : documentation of the Preparatory and Participation Process of Environmental NGOs. (s.l.): Coordination for Europe Environmental NGOs, 1993. 166 p.

Conference: Pan-European Ministerial Conference (2^nd : 1993 : Luzern)

Abstract: Presents the documentation of the preparatory and participation process of the environmental NGOs for the Second Pan-European Ministerial Conference in Luzern, in April 1993.

Environmental Liaison Centre International. Participatory project evaluation : allowing local people to have their say : an NGO guide for community driven project evaluation : based on a case study among the Arial of Kenya’s arid rangelands. Nairobi, Kenya: ELCI, 1996. 32 p.

Esty, Daniel C. Why the World Trade Organization needs environmental NGOs. Public Participation in the International Trading System Series. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 1997. 24 p.

Contents: (Selected) Background and general underpinnings; Models for a new NGO role at the WTO; NGOs in the WTO; Conclusion.

Falloux, Francois and Lee M. Talbot. Crisis and opportunity : environment and development in Africa. London, UK: Earthscan, 1993. 358 p.

Notes: Originally published in French in 1992 under title : Crise et opportunit.

Contents: National environment action plans in sub-Saharan Africa: origins, description and present status; The NEAP process, its components and its problems; Results and impacts to date (Environmental programs at work, Green opportunities for private enterprise, NGOs: from confrontation to cooperation; Environmental revolution of the donors: a continuing process); Future directions (The Club of Dublin, now called NESDA; Local, national and continental green plans; A new north-south relationship; Who listens to Africa; A continental plan for environment and sustainable development).

Feagan, Robert B. "Expanding Worldviews : social movement backgrounds bring a deeper analysis to the environmental movement". Alternatives 20 (2, 1994) : 26-31.

Fernandes, Rubem Ceasar and Leandro Piquet Carneiro. NGOs in the nineties : a survey of their Brazilian leaders. Rio de Janeiro: Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1991. 21 p.

Fisher, Duncan (ed.). Civil society and the environment in Central and Eastern Europe.

Bonn: Institut für Europäische Umweltpolitik, 1992. 209 p

Fisher, Julie. Nongovernments : NGOs and the political development of the Third World. Kumarian Press books on international development. West Hartford, CN: Kumarian Press, 1998. 237 p.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (RAPA). Expert consultation on NGOs and sustainable agriculture and rural development in Asia : challenges for policy and practices, Bangkok, 13-17 September 1993. RAPA report no.1993/31. Bangkok: RAPA, 1993. 74 p.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Formulation, execution and revision of National Forestry Programmes : Basic principles and operational guidelines. Rome: FAO, 1996. 61 p.

Abstract: This document attempts to outline a design for sustainable development of all kinds of forest environments and activities. It encompasses all types of forest and can be used by all countries. This planning approach encourages intersectoral planning. The first part of the document outlines the basic principles upon which the National Forestry Programmes rely upon, these include sustainability of forest development, national sovereignty and country leadership, partnership, participation, holistic and inter-sectoral approach, a long-term iterative process, capacity building, policy and institutional reforms, consistency with the national policy framework and global initiatives, raising awareness, national policy commitment, and international commitment. The second part relates to the main phases recommended for the implementation of preparatory, executing, and updating processes of the National Forestry Programmes. These basic principles and operational guidelines have been prepared: to assist in the formulation of sector strategies for sustainable forestry use and conservation; to guide foresters and forestry planners in the strategy harmonization of the forestry sector with other sectors; to integrate forestry sector programmes within the broader context of sustainable development strategies; to help all stakeholders to play a more effective and efficient role in planning and implementing activities for sustainable forest development. A companion document by Francois Clement and Deo Gratias Kabamdana supplements this publication: Briefing Note for National Forestry Action Programmes - decentralized and participatory planning.

Fridtjof Nansen Institute. Green globe yearbook of international co-operation on environment and development. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1992-. v. ; annual

Contents (selected): 1997 ed. : Main focus: International Co-operation on Environment and Development; Section 1 - Evaluations : Nature conservation and terrestrial living resources... (Sand), UNDP and global environmental problems : The need for capacity development at country level (Engberg-Pedersen, Jorgensen), The Global Environment Facility: International Waters Coming into its own (Jorgenson), IUCN : A bridge-builder for nature conservation (Christoffersen);

The World Wide Fund for Nature: Financing a new Noah’s Ark (Park);References: Atmosphere, Hazardous Substances, Marine Environment [Conventions], Marine living resources , Nature conservation and terrestrial living resources, Nuclear safety, Transboundary freshwaters; Tables of international agreements and degrees of participation by country; Tables of international organizations and degrees of participation by Country and Territory.

Abstract: This volume is composed of two separate parts: evaluation and reference. The reference section contains systematically listed key data concerning the most important international agreements on environment and development, and inter- and non-governmental organizations with activities in this area. This section is updated every volume. A subsection of country profiles summarizes the performance, main commitments, and objectives in fourteen OECD countries in relation to international co-operation on environment and sustainable development. The evaluation section comprises articles written by leading, independent experts, which give the reader an up-to-date assessment of the realities behind the formal set-up described in the reference section.

Fundacion Futuro Latinoamericano. There is not sustainable development without effective public participation : recommendations of the Civil Society of the Hemisphere to the Santa

Cruz Summit. Quito, Ecuador: Fundacion Futuro Latinoamericano, 1996. 19 p.

Gakuru, Octavian, Ciarunji Chesaina and John Kananda. The status of voluntary and non-profit sector : Africa report for International Civil Society Organization (Civicus). Nairobi, Kenya: Civicus, 1994. 58 p.

Abstract: This report is a synthesis of information from several sources but largely the review of literature on the voluntary and non-profit sector in sub-Saharan Africa. Part I presents a regional profile focusing on the fragile status of the economic and political structures and the resulting poverty and civil conflict. It also addresses the general concerns and major forces which determine and influence the character of the sector in the region. Part II examines the motives, forms and contributions of the indigenous structures and voluntary citizen associations. Part III presents a discussion of the goals, historical development and functions of NGOs. Part IV examines corporate philanthropic and private foundations.

German NGO-Secretariat on Environment and Development. Problems and opportunities after Rio : report to the UN Commission on Sustainable Development 1994. Bonn, Germany: German NGO-Secretariat on Environment and Development, 1994. 30 p.

Abstract: Analysis of the official report of the German Federal Government to the second meeting of the CSD in May 1994. Represents the non-governmental German contribution to the meeting. Statements are those made by 70 representatives and scientific institutions in Germany during the CSD workshop at the German Forum on Environment and Development on April 20-12, 1994 in Bonn.

Ghai, Dharam (ed.). Development and environment : sustaining people and nature. Oxord, UK: Blackwell, 1994. 263 p.

Contents: Environment, livelihood and empowerment (Ghai); Community-based fisheries management, tradition and the challenges of development in Marovo, Solomon Islands (Hviding and Baines); Ecological knowledge and the regional economy: environmental management in the Asesewa District of Ghana (Amanor); Sustaining the forests: the community-based approach to South and South-east Asia (Colchester); Ecological conflicts and the environmental movement in India (Gadgil and Guha); Gender, environment and population (Joekes, Heyzer, Oniang’o, Salles); NGOs and sustainable development in Zimbabwe: no magic bullets (Vivian); Parks and people: livelihood issues in national parks management in Thailand and Madagascar (Ghimire); Social and political dimensions of environmental protection in Central America (Utting).

Gibson, Robin. Human rights and democratic development in Canadian foreign policy : a discussion paper based on NGO submissions to the Canadian Council for International Cooperation’s foreign policy review. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Council for International Cooperation, 1994. 32 p.

Goldsmith, Alex. "Best of enemies". Tomorrow 5 (April-June 1995): 25-26.

Abstract: Business and NGOs are interacting in a new way. Goodbye confrontation, hello pragmatism.

Gordon, John. The Commonwealth and NGOs after UNCED : strengthening cooperation for sustainable development : a report to the Commonwealth Secretariat. London, UK: The Global Environment Research Centre, 1992. ca. 32 p.

Groenewegan, Peter, et al. (eds.). The greening of industry resource guide and bibliography. The Greening of Industry Network series. Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1996. 260 p.

Abstract: This book presents analysis and commentary on critical issues related to the ‘greening of industry’. It covers specific economic, social, and technical issues, including compliance, environmental performance assessment, cleaner production, strategic cooperation and product life cycle analysis and management, accounting and reporting practices and systems, organizational learning and personal development, and greening leadership for developing countries.

The Group of Lisbon. Limits to competition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995. 167 p.

Abstract: This book is concerned with the role of competition in the process of economic and social globalization. It provides analysis of changes that are affecting the national economy, the growth of multinational firms, the role of the state, and the global environment. It deals with the new world configurations and examines the conditions and means for new forms of world governance. The authors consider whether competition can govern the planet and whether competition is the best instrument for coping with increasingly severe environmental, demographic, economic, and social problems at the global level.

Hampson, Fen Osler and Michael Hart. Multilateral negotiations : lessons from arms control, trade, and the environment. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995. 421 p.

Abstract: This text examines the component parts of the multilateral negotiation process to identify those factors making for success or failure. The authors argue that multi-lateral negotiation is a coalition-building enterprise involving states, nonstate actors, and international organizations. They discuss the process by which issues reach the table in the multilateral negotiation process, the actors who are involved, who are the relevant stakeholders, what the procedures are for managing complexity, and what are the strategic and psychological obstacles to reaching agreement. The authors use examples ranging from the 1963 Test Ban Treaty to the Climate Change Convention (1992), the completion of the Uruguay Round of GATT (1993), the Montreal Protocol (1987), the Global Convention on the Control of the Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, and climate change negotiations.

Hardi, Peter, Alexander Juras and Magda Toth Nagy (eds.). New Horizons?: possibilities for cooperation between Environmental NGOs and Governments in Central and Eastern Europe. Budapest: Regional Environmental Centre for Central and Eastern Europe, 1993. 354 p.

Abstract: This book presents the results of a project on NGO-government cooperation, which was supported by the Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe and DG XI, Commission of the European Communities.

Hemert, Mieke van. Green and grey below sea level : an access guide to environmental and development organizations in the Netherlands. Amsterdam: Both ENDS, 1993. 75 p.

Contents: How to use this guide; Brief introduction to the Netherlands; Government policies and departments; The NGO community: platforms, campaigns, movements and organizations; Specific interest groups: trade unions, consumer organizations and farmers’ organizations;

Research and education institutions; Consultancy agencies and information services; Private development agencies.

Abstract: Provides and overview of more than one hundred NGOs and NGO-initiatives, research institutions and consultancy agencies active in the field of environment and development and of various government agencies and government-related institutions in this area in the Netherlands.

Hubbard, Michael. Improving food security : a guide for rural development managers. London, UK: Intermediate Technology, 1995. 151 p.

Abstract: This source book of issues, lessons from experience and practical suggestions is designed to help rural development managers, whether in government or in voluntary organizations, who are struggling to improve nutrition and reduce poverty in the areas for which they are responsible. The focus is on local food security, with a strong bias towards participative investigations, decisions and management. Among other areas the book discusses the participative assessment of malnutrition and food security problems; how to improve nutrition, food and livestock markets, water supplies, finance, and co-operation between NGOs and government; the importance of strengthening local preparedness for famine prevention.

Institute for Sustainable Development (Poland). Sustainable development for Poland : report by Polish Environmental NGOs "Brazil 92" [for United Nations Conference on Environment and

Development (UNCED)]. Warsaw, Poland; Office for Ecological Research and Implementation, 1992. 58 p.

Notes: Includes evaluation of the Polish government report for the UNCED conference

Intergovernmental ESD Steering Committee.

International Fund for Agricultural Development, South African Development Community and World Bank. Workshop on approaches to rural poverty alleviation in SADC countries. Rome: Workshop Secretariat IFAD, 1996. Various.

Conference: (1996 : Cape Town, Republic of South Africa)

Contents: Facing the challenge of rural poverty in SADC countries; 1 - General rural poverty profile : opportunities and constraints; 2 - Building on project experiences; 3 - Role of policy and institutions for successful rural poverty alleviation : towards building coalition with civil society; Rural poverty profiles (Zimbabwe, Namibia, Malawi, Lesotho, South Africa, Swaziland, Mozambique, Tanzania, Angola, Zambia, Mauritius, Botswana)

International Institute for Environment and Development. PLA notes : Sustainable Agriculture Program. London, UK: IIED, 1988-. v. in box

Contents: n. 1 - 6; n.7 Proceedings of RRA review workshop, Sussex; n. 8 - 10; n.11 Proceedings of the local level adaptive planning workshop, London; n.12; n.13 Participatory rural appraisal; n.14 Participatory methods for learning and analysis; n.16 Special issue on applications for health; n.17; n19 Special issue on training; n. 20 Special issue on livestock; n.21 Special issue on participatory tools and methods in urban areas; n.22 PLA notes (formerly RRA notes): notes on participatory learning and action; n.24 Critical reflections from practice; n.25 PLA notes includes special issue on Children’s Participation; March 1996 General information and list of back-copies; n.26 ; n.27 Participation, policy and institutionalization; n.29 Performance and participation.

International Institute for Environment and Development. Sustainable Agriculture Programme. Gatekeeper series. London, UK: IIED, 1987. v. in box

Contents (selected): no. 31 Local institutions and participation for sustainable development (Uphoff); no. 43 From research to innovation : getting the most from interaction with NGOs in farming systems research and extension. no. 51 Participatory selection of beans in Rwanda: results, methods and institutional issues (Sperling, Scheidegger). no. 54 Linking women to the main canal : gender and irrigation management (Zwarteveen). no. 55 Soil recuperation in Central America : sustaining innovation after intervention (Bunch, Lopez). no. 56 Through the roadblocks: IPM and Central American smallholders (Bentley, Andrews). no. 57 The conditions for collective action: land tenure and farmers’ groups in the Rajasthan Canal Project (Sinha). no. 58 Networking for sustainable agriculture: lessons from animal traction development (Starkey).

International Institute for Sustainable Development. The World Trade Organization and sustainable development: an independent assessment. Winnipeg, MB: IISD, 1996. 65 p.

Abstract: This report summary reviews the progress of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in linking trade and sustainable development. Trade liberalization is identified as a necessary but not sufficient condition for the achievement of sustainable development. The authors note that greater access to Northern markets would provide the funds required by developing Southern economies but this can be damaging to the environment without adequate environmental policies. The WTO Committee on Trade and Environment is pursuing a narrow mandate in a technical manner with little progress expected towards making recommendations about modifications to the multilateral trading system. The dispute resolution regime is reviewed, including the WTO Venezuela Panel. The shortcomings of the new WTO approach to transparency are discussed including the delays in de-restricting documents and the lack of non-governmental organization (NGO) access to the WTO. The report identifies both limited political support in Northern countries for accommodating environmental concerns and the fears of developing countries that their accommodation may lead to the creation of new trade barriers. The report concludes that the WTO has failed to recognize that trade liberalization without adequate safeguards will lead to environmental deterioration on a massive scale. Several recommendations are made with respect to the WTO, these include: changes to the mandates of the Councils and Committees; reform of the dispute resolution mechanism; increased transparency and scope for participation of NGOs and business groups; equitable implementation of the rules that relate to the relationship between trade and the environment; and the development of an agreement on trade and the environment that would involve the use of process and production methods to promote sustainable development.

Inuit Circumpolar Conference. Circumpolar sustainable development and the Projet de Societe : an overview of the work of the Inuit Circumpolar Conference and others on Arctic sustainable development. Anchorage, AK: ICC. 1993. 28 p.

Contents: (Selected): ICC Contributions to Arctic policy development (Arctic Environment Protection Strategy (AEPS), Arctic Indigenous Leaders; Summit, ICC activities related to UNCED and Agenda21); Examples of some local and regional initiatives related to Arctic sustainable development (The Inuit of Nunavik: promoting indigenous knowledge in sustainable development planning, The Inuit of Labrador, eastern Canadian Arctic: sustainable wildlife harvesting for commercial enterprise, Iqaluit, NWT: promoting women’s participation in sustainable development, Inuit (Yupik) of Siberia: Conserving indigenous language for natural resource management, The Inuit of Greenland: planning for a sustainable future, Inuit Regional Conservation Strategy (IRCS) implementation efforts in Alaska); Towards a sustainable future in Canada’s north.

IUCN – World Conservation Union. The IUCN Sahel Report: a long-term strategy for environmental rehabilitation: the report of IUCN’s Task Force on the Sahel and other drought-affected regions of Africa. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 1986. 80 p.

Contents: (Selected) Executive summary; 1 - Introduction: Disaster prevention or disaster relief?, Why should IUCN now become involved, Background to the report, Rationale, Scope of the report, Readership; 2 - Environmental degradation and rehabilitation: Environmental degradation, Environmental rehabilitation - an overview of activities; 3 - Strategy for environmental rehabilitation: Linked ecodevelopment projects for local rural communities, Promoting new styles of development at the national and international levels; 4 - Moving into action: An overview of the IUCN Action Plan, Foundation phase, The first three years, The need for integrated and cooperative actions; Appendices: 1 - Village/community/based ecodevelopment demonstration projects, 2 - Agrometeorology, 3 - Range management in Kenya, 4 - NGO reponse to the continuing African drought, 5 - Trends in external financial assistance (Wohlwend), 6 - Environmental rehabilitation (case studies from Senegal, Ethiopia, Mali, and Niger).

Abstract: This report provides an overview of the natural and human induced processes that are producing environmental degradation in the Sahel region of Africa. The concept of environmental rehabilitation is introduced and an overview of activities working towards rehabilitation are provided. The report discusses a strategy for environmental rehabilitation that includes linked ecodevelopment projects for local rural communities and the promotion of new styles of development at the national and international levels (eg., Agroforestry). A detailed overview of the multi-year IUCN action plan is provided.

"Joint statement on APEC and economic liberalization by NGOs in the APEC region". Third World Economics (126, 1995) : 12-14.

Abstract: Joint statement on APEC and economic liberalization by NGOs in the APEC region opposing moves by several developed countries to convert APEC into a free trade arrangement. NGO’s are anxious that APEC countries should not accept rapid liberalization without prior detailed studies.

Kakabadse, Yolanda and Sarah Burns. International perspectives on sustainability : movers and shapers : NGOs in international affairs. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute WRI,

1994.12 p.

Kakonen, Jyrki. Perspectives on environment, state and civil society : the Arctic in transition.

EPOS research report no.5. Uppsala: Uppsala University. Research Programme on Environmental Policy and Society, 1994. 58 p.

Contents: (Selected): Modernization and its criticism (Environmental problems as crises of growth oriented development, Socialization and social thought as sources of environmental problems, Environmental conflicts, Preconditions for sustainable development): Alternative development in the Arctic "Island" Utopia (Economic dependence, Marginal political power, Tradition of sustainability); Transition in the international system (Indigenous people: an unresolved problem).

Abstract: Deals with the problem of sustainable development, firstly its definition within the genesis of development and modernization in the western culture, and secondly within the context of alternative development in the Arctic, using a case study which evaluates the hindrances to and options for sustainable development.

Karl, Marilee. Women and empowerment : participation and decision making. Women and

world development series. London: Zed Books, 1995. 173 p.

Kelleher, David and Sheilagh Marie Keelan. Grabbing the tiger by the tail : revitalizing NGOs to survive and thrive in a changing environment. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Council for International Council, 1993. 1 v.

Abstract: This is a handbook prepared for the participants in the CCIC’s program with the name, "Grabbing the Tiger by the Tail" during April 14-16, 1992. Includes subjects in the area of merger, alliances & partnerships; strategic management; culture; downsizing; organizational learning; and gender and development: organizational considerations, etc.

Kirdar, Uner and Leonard Silk (eds.). People : from impoverishment to empowerment : thinkers from many countries address the relationship between prosperity and peace. New York: New York University Press, 1995. 496 p.

Contents: (Selected): Reduction of poverty; Learning from experiences (Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, Taiwan); Measures for the reduction of poverty (Role of the state and market in addressing inequality and growth, Women’s empowerment); Expansion of productive employment: Pattern and nature of unemployment and underemployment (Full employment revisited, Employment creation and development), Measures for the expansion of productive employment (Entrepreneurship: a youth perspective for employment); Enhancement of social cohesion: Learning from experiences: South Africa; Building blocks of security for people (Ensuring peace in a changing world, Putting people first (New imperatives of human security, Role of women in a changing world, Hopes and fears of youth); Strengthening international cooperation (Rethinking development: a new challenge for international development organizations (Bezanson), Political mobilization, civic spirit, Role of the United Nations); Towards a summit for people: From Stockholm to Rio to the twenty first century (Strong), Challenge of empowering people (Sadik), Civil society and social development (Somavia).

Abstract: Collection of articles by over fifty people addressing the relationship between prosperity and peace, and how to empower people in order to foster an environment of peace, prosperity and social harmony.

Korten, David C. When corporations rule the world. West Hartford, Connecticut: Kumarian Press, 1995. 374 p.

Abstract: This publication contends that the convergence of ideological, political, and technological forces are leading to an increasing concentration of economic and political power in a handful of corporations and financial institutions, separating their interests from the human interest, while the market system considers only its own short term financial gains. The human and environmental consequences of the efforts of multi-national corporations to reconstruct values and institutions everywhere to serve narrow financial ends are discussed. This includes discussion of reconstruction of world trade bodies and world trade agreements. The need for sustainable communities, sustainable livelihoods, and citizen networking are discussed. To ensure human survival a community-based, life centered alternative is suggested as a replacement for capitalism and communism. Specific steps are given for implementing this alternative. Developing political rights, economic rights, and localizing the global system by limiting the power and freedom of the large corporations is the alternative presented.

Krut, Riva. Sustainable industrial development : a benchmark evaluation of public environmental policies and reporting among photographic companies. White Plains, NY: Benchmark Environmental Consulting, 1997. 53 p.

Abstract: This report uses a number of approaches to characterize an environmentally sustainable business. Benchmark criteria in four areas are identified: environmentally sound products, processes and services; integration of sustainable development and economic growth; reducing risks and hazards to human health and to the ecosystem; community/stakeholder participation in sustainable development. Several photographic companies that are leading in terms of environmental performance are selected and evaluated.

Krut, Riva. Sustainable industrial development : a benchmark evaluation of public environmental policies and reporting in the electronics industry. White Plains, NY: Benchmark Environmental Consulting, 1997. 53 p.

Abstract: This report uses a number of approaches to characterize an environmentally sustainable business. Benchmark criteria in four areas are identified: environmentally sound products, processes and services; integration of sustainable development and economic growth; reducing risks and hazards to human health and to the ecosystem; community/stakeholder participation in sustainable development. Several electronics firms that are leading in terms of environmental performance are selected and evaluated.

Lamb, Robert. Promising the earth. New York: Routledge, 1996. 224 p.

Abstract: Written to coincide with the 25^th anniversary of Friends of the Earth (FOE), this book traces the evolution of the environmental movement and in turn the organizations response to it. Discussing the failures and achievements of the organization, this book provides interesting glimpses into the internal operations of FOE.

Lesotho Council of Non-governmental Organisations. Lesotho NGO profile. Maseru, LS: The Council, 1993. 380 p.

Lewis, John P. Strengthening the poor: what have we learned? U.S.-Third World policy

Perspectives no.10. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1988. 239 p.

Contents: (Selected): Assisted self reliance (Uphoff); Governments and grass roots organizations (Paul); Empowering Africa’s rural poor (Lele); Some lessons from IFAD’s approach to rural poverty alleviation (Alamgir); Turning point in Pakistan’s rural development strategy (Azia); Agricultural growth, technological progress and rural poverty; What is not the same about the urban poor (Annis); Women, poverty and development in the Third World (Buvinic, Lycette);

Poverty and adjustment in the 1990s (Jolly); Changing world of northern NGOs (Dichter); Aid for the poor (Guhan); Sub sector planning and poverty reduction: a donor view (Wheeler).

Lipschutz, Ronnie D. and Judith Mayer. Global civil society and global environmental governance : the politics of nature from place to planet. SUNY series in international environmental policy & theory. Albany, NY: State U of NY Pr/Cornell U Press, 1996.

Lykke, Erik (ed.). Achieving environmental goals : the concept and practice of environmental performance review. London, UK: Belhaven Press, 1992. 259 p.

Contents: (Selected): Monitoring and evaluation: Monitoring and assessing biodiversity, Methods and approaches for monitoring exposures to hazardous substances and their effects; Imperfections of scientific advice: Transformation of scientific data into policy relevant information; Involving the public: Shaping environmental science for effective public participation, Access to information: overcoming impediments to access; Public participation in environmental performance reviews.

Macharia, Dianah and Edward Waiguru Muya. A report on NGO information needs assessment carried out in the Pacific/Africa/Asia/Latin America between Sept. 1989 - June 1990. Nairobi, Kenya: Environment Liaison Centre International, 1990. 36 p.

Malena, Carmen. Working with NGOs : a practical guide to operational collaboration between the World Bank and non-governmental organizations. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1995. 132 p.

Contents: Introduction; Why the World Bank works with NGOs; How the World Bank works with NGOs; Key issues in working with NGOs.

Abstract: The purpose of this document is to flag key issues and describe emerging practices in the World Bank’s operational collaboration with non-governmental organizations. It is intended as a practical guide to help Task Management better understand both the benefits and challenges of working with NGOs.

The Marquis Project. Making connections : a directory of development organizations working in Southwestern Manitoba. Brandon, MB: Marquis Project, 1994. [8 p.]

McCoy, Michael and Patrick McCully. The road from Rio : an NGO action guide to environment and development. Utrecht: International Books, 1993. 112 p.

Abstract: Describes the possibilities and limitations of UN conferences such as the Earth Summit, and the strategies that NGOs should be adopting for environment and development.

McNeely, Jeffrey A. (ed.). Expanding partnerships in conservation. Washington: IUCN - The World Conservation Union, 1995. 302 p.

Abstract: This book contains a series of papers that were presented and revised following the Fourth World Congress on National Parks and Protected Areas held in Caracas, Venezuela February 10-21, 1992. The papers discuss how new and stronger partnerships can be formed as part of the formation and management of protected areas. The book describes the different types of activities that are being pursued to build partnerships at the international, national, and local level.

Mihevc, John. Economic justice toward a just and sustainable Canadian foreign policy : a discussion paper based on NGO submissions to the Canadian Council for International Cooperation’s Foreign Policy Review. (s.l.): The author, 1994. 62 p.

Notes: Unpublished monograph.

Abstract: This paper argues for a rethinking of Canada’s Foreign policy. Changes are suggested in Canada’s policies towards international debt, debt held by International organizations that Canada is a member of, and debt held by Canadian Banks. Other areas where changes are suggested include: supporting democratization through increased NGO participation, reforming the Bretton Woods Institutions, promoting sustainable development through trade, regulating the activities of Transnational Corporations.

Mitlin, Diana and John Thompson. "Participatory approaches in urban areas : strengthening civil society or reinforcing the status quo?". Environment and Urbanization 7 (April 1995): 231-250.

Abstract: The paper examines current experiences with the use of participatory methodologies in low-income urban communities. It outlines the nature and development of participatory approaches and describes experiences, prospects and problems related to their use in an urban context. Three case examples from the UK. Sri Lanka, and India and South Africa demonstrate how innovative approaches are being used by different agencies to strengthen and support the activities of community based organizations. Finally, the paper concludes with a number of broad questions about the future applications of participatory approaches in low-income urban communities.

Morse, Richard, Anisur Rahman and Kersten L. Johnson. Grassroot horizons : connecting participatory development initiatives East and West. London, UK: Intermediate Technology Publications, 1995. 377 p.

Abstract: Grassroots activists and researchers build here on their varied personal experiences to clarify and strengthen the effectiveness of participatory group action in overcoming impoverishment, oppression, and exclusion. The authors focus on core issues of social and political organization and change, such as : relations between self and other; group identity and solidarity; honoring different types of knowledge systems; and organizing against vested positions and unjust power structures. These issues are brought to life through first-hand accounts of participatory development in diverse, often conflict-filled situations. Integrative chapters present an alternative development paradigm, offer techniques of coalition-building in diversity, and propose a conceptual design of values and ethical principles toward socially just, sustainable development.

Murphy, David F. and Jem Bendell. In the company of partners : business, environmental groups and sustainable development post-Rio. Bristol, UK: Policy Press, 1997. 283 p.

Contents: Introduction; 1 - Facing diversity: sustainable development at the crossroads; 2 - Toward partnership: a history of environmental group thinking and action; 3 - Seeing the green light? The business response to sustainable development; 4 - Breaking the log jam : environmental group partnerships with the timber trade; 5 - Keeping good company : an overview of business-environmental group partnerships worldwide; 6 - From protest to partnership and back again: McDonald’s and the environmental movement; 7 - Finding solutions together: the future of sustainable development.

Abstract: This book focuses on the emergence of business-environmental group partnerships. It provides analysis of sustainable development and discusses how businesses and environmental groups are working together to find solutions to environmental, social and economic problems. The book begins by providing a historical overview of sustainable development theory and practice. The authors discuss why business-environmental group relations have changed over the past three decades and explore the history of the modern environmental movement and the business response to environmental challenges. Practical information for companies, environmental groups and local authorities who wish to develop or facilitate new partnerships is provided using a range of case study examples. The impact, efficacy and sustainability of business-environmental group partnerships are discussed.

Muteshi, Jacinta Khasiala. "Collaborative alliances : the environment, women and the Africa 2000 Network". Environment and Urbanization 7 (April 1995): 205-218.

Abstract: This paper reviews the work of an international environmental management project known as the Africa 2000 Network that emerged from the need to address the growing awareness of gender issues in environmentally sustainable development activities worldwide. The intention of this study was first to establish the degree of linkage between women’s needs and interests and the work of Africa 2000 Network’s national coordinators in Cameroon, Ghana and Kenya. The second was to relate the findings of Africa 2000 Network’s (hereafter called the Network) responses to women to the current research on gender, environment and development. The third was to clarify more specifically and substantively the types of actions that have empowered the resource management roles of African women while at the same time alleviating the effects of environmental degradation. It is hoped that this investigation will begin to contribute to the formulation of strategies and structures that go beyond the mere co-optation of African women’s labour into mainstream development activities. The aim is to work towards the transformation of current configurations of power relations within the ownership an control of resources; not only between men and women but also, ultimately, between nations.

Muya, Edward W. (ed.). Global Action Guide: a handbook for NGO co-operation on environment and development. 2^nd edition. Nairobi, Kenya: Environment Liaison Centre International, 1992. 270p.

Contents: Organizations are divided into the following geographic areas: Africa; Asia and Pacific; Europe; Latin America and Caribbean; and North America.

Myers, Norman. Sustainable development : the role of NGOs. Forestry for Sustainable Development working paper no.8. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, 1990. 9 p.

Contents: Introduction; Better governance: the role of NGOs; Can NGOs meet their goal?; Strategies for action; Further examples of NGO initiatives; Conclusion.

Abstract: The author asserts that for the most part many current approaches, at least those grounded in traditional governments and international agencies, are inherently incapable of doing the job of achieving sustainable development. He also discusses the role of NGOs in new models for managing the complex challenge of sustainable development.

Naqvi, Nauman (ed.). Rethinking security, rethinking development : an anthology of papers from the Third Annual South Asian NGO Summit. Islamabad, PK: Sustainable Development Policy Institute SDPI, 1996. 317 p.

Abstract: This anthology contains essays that move beyond the traditional interpretations of development and security. Several essays present strategies and frameworks for change. Five key areas are discussed. Ecological security and natural resource management is explored by examining the ecological and social impacts of the present global order. Political security and the human, social, and environmental costs of the traditional concept of security are examined. Several authors look beyond traditional security concerns by looking at development problems and human security. The concept of human security is examined in the context of development. Local institutional development is discussed with consideration to the need for empowering communities and building institutions. Several authors look at mega-projects and how these developments have been challenged by local groups. The last essay considers the prospects for alternative visions of development.

Nelson, Jane. Business as partners in development : creating wealth for countries, companies and communities. London, UK: Prince of Wales Business Leaders Forum, 1996. 288 p.

Abstract: This publication makes the case for public-private partnerships. Through discussions of the growing consensus of the need for sustainable patterns of development and the challenges of national governance and competitiveness the author concludes that there is a need for new measures of national wealth. There is a brief assessment of the strategic management challenges facing individual companies and a review of the evolving debate on corporate governance, and its shift from the narrow definition of the relationship between shareholders, management and Boards of Directors, to the broader definition of the relationships between the company and its wider stakeholders. The report closes by summarizing some of the key benefits of public-private partnerships from both a societal as well as a corporate perspective.

NGOnet. Earth Summit : the NGO archives [CDROM]. Montevideo, Uruguay: NGOnet, 1995. 1 CD-ROM ; 1 manual.

Abstract: This CD-ROM contains a large collection of NGO documents related to the Earth Summit, the stages leading up to it and the follow-up process, up to December 1993. In addition, it contains a large collection of widely cited official documents such as Agenda 21, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Convention on Climate Change and Preparatory Committees’ documents.

Norton, Andrew and Thomas Stephens. Participation in poverty assessments. Environment Department Papers : Participation Series no.020. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1995. 27 p.

OISCA-International. Active NGO contributions to the UNCED. Fukuoka, JP: OISCA-International, 1991. 217 p.

Conference: Asia Pacific NGO Conference on Environment and Development (1991 : Fukuoka)

Abstract: The three main themes of the conference were: 1) possible approaches to environment and development; 2) nature conservation - greenery, soil, water, including promoting afforestation; and, 3) in search of improved development and environmental education. The conference was concluded with the adoption of the Fukuoka Declaration which emphasized the importance of attitudinal changes among people, and the promotion of cooperation between NGOs, governments and international institutions to effectively cope with environmental degradation.

Olivastri, Beatrice. Report of a NGO workshop to discuss the Framework for Corporate Reporting on Sustainable Development. Geneva: The International Facilitating Committee of

the Independent Sectors for UNCED ‘92, 1992?. 7 p.

Abstract: Report of a NGO workshop to discuss the Framework for Corporate Reporting on Sustainable Development based on a discussion paper sponsored by the International Institute for Sustainable Development, the Business Council for Sustainable Development, and DRT International.

Otero, Maria and Elisabeth Rhyne (eds.). The new world of microenterprise finance : building healthy financial institutions for the poor. London, UK: International Technology Publications, 1994. 302 p.

Abstract: This book introduces a new direction for microenterprise finance. The editors and contributors argue that one can create sustainable and viable financial institutions that give the poor greater access to financial services. Topics covered include: the financial systems approach; savings mobilization; principles of regulation and prudential supervision; process of institutional development and the evolution of non-governmental organizations; credit unions; the solidarity group experience; and, the village bank methodology.

Oxby, Clare. African livestock-keepers in recurrent crisis : policy issues arising from the NGO response. Drylands programme. London, UK: International Institute for Environment and Development, 1989. 81 p.

Abstract: This paper provides examples of the different types of programmes for livestock-keepers offered by the various NGOs that work with pastoralists and agro-pastoralists in order to provide a review of past experience with a view to discussing and developing a more coordinated NGO response to the needs of African pastoralists.

Pakistan. The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy : where we are, where we should be, and how to get there. Karachi: GOP/JRC-IUCN Pakistan, 1992. 378 p.

Contents: (Selected) Executive summary; Part 1 - Pakistan and the environment: 1 - Pakistan in the context of the global environment, 2 -The State of Pakistan’s environment, 3 - Resource use impacts and linkages, 4 - Existing institutions, 5 - Present policies, instruments and programmes related to the environment; Part 2 - Elements of the National Conservation Strategy: 6 - Objectives, principles, and instruments, 7 - Issues and opportunities in the primary sectors, 8 - Issues and opportunities in the secondary and tertiary sectors, 9 - Supporting programmes; Part 3 - Implementation arrangements: 10 - Action agenda and implementation strategy, 11 - Government and corporate institutional development, 12 - Co-operation with community organizations and NGO’s, 13 -Financing the NCS.

Abstract: This publication discusses the state of Pakistan’s environment as well as existing institutions, policies, instruments and programmes related to the environment. The National Conservation Strategy is described and implementation arrangements are discussed.

Paul, Samuel and Arturo Israel (eds.). Non-governmental organizations and the World Bank : cooperation for development. World Bank regional and sectoral studies. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1991. 162 p.

Pearce, John, Peter Raynard and Simon Zadek. Social auditing for small organizations : a workbook for trainers and practitioners. London, UK: New Economics Foundation, 1996. 1v. various pagings.

Abstract: This workbook is intended to explain the concept and practice of social auditing and to describe a process whereby any small organisation may embark upon setting up its own social audit system. The workbook begins by explaining social auditing and the reasons for its use by organisations. Several objectives and actions that should be defined before beginning the audit are discussed. The process of identifying stakeholders and setting criteria for their selection is considered. The selection of performance indicators and benchmarks and the set-up and use of a social book-keeping system are discussed. The authors end by examining the reporting process at the end of the year, the possible need for an audit verifier or review panel, and the actions that need to be taken after an organization has performed the audit. Several case studies are provided in the appendices.

Philippines. National Economic and Development Authority. Inter-agency Working Group on the National Report. Social development in the Philippines : vision, challenges and imperatives. [s. l.]: Republic of Philippines, 1995. 83 p.

Contents: Part one - The Philippine Vision: 1 - Philippines 2000 : A vision and a movement, 2 - The Medium Term Philippine Development Plan, 1993-1998, 3 - The social reform agenda : An operational framework, 4 -The Philippine disadvantaged sectors and poverty groups: The target groups, 5 - Building social capital, 6 - Policies, programs, and projects; Part Two - Challenges to the Philippines vision : 7 - Poverty alleviation, 8 - Expansion of productive employment, 9 - Social integration; Part Three - Emerging issues, summary, conclusions and social development imperatives.

Abstract: This report outlines the Philippine Government’s social development vision and its current efforts at structural transformation. The determination and solution of problems that confront the Philippine people are discussed. Challenges to social development in the Philippine in three key sectors are discussed: Poverty alleviation, Expansion of productive employment, and Social integration.

Pietila, Hikka and Jeanne Vickers. Making women matter : the role of the United Nations. Updated edition. London, UK: Zed Books, 1994. 198 p.

Abstract: Comprehensively sets out principles and promises made regarding the advancement of women and the integration of their interests into development, while encouraging them to ensure that governments keep their promises.

Pratt, Cranford (ed.). Canadian international development assistance policies : an appraisal. Montreal, PQ: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1994. 378 p.

Abstract: The contributing authors provide contemporary and independent analyses of the major components of the Canadian aid program, the major issues which have challenged and perplexed CIDA, and the many and conflicting pressures that have influenced the agency. Topics covered include Canadian food aid and the varied factors that have determined its use, the complex relationship between CIDA and Canadian NGOs, and CIDA’s choice of recipient countries; its use of aid for trade promotion, human rights, and development assistance; issues relating to the administration of the aid program; its recent support for the International Monetary Fund and World Bank leverage on the economic policies of the recipient countries; and two case studies, one of public policy dialogue on aid policies in Central America and the second of Canadian aid for development in Asia. In the final chapters, the work of CIDA is assessed from a comparative international perspective and the editor, Cranford Pratt, reviews the main determinants of Canadian aid policy and explains why there has been such a significant erosion in CIDA’s declared objective of helping the world’s poor.

Putnam, Robert D. Making democracy work : civic traditions in modern Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993. 258 p.

Abstract: This book explores some fundamental questions about civic life by studying the regions of Italy. The authors provide empirical evidence for the importance of civic community in developing successful institutions. As part of a unique experiment begun in 1970 when Italy created new governments for each of its regions - regions that vary greatly from the standpoint of wealth, social structure, and political leanings - Robert Putnam and his collaborators spent two decades evaluating the performance of these governments in such fields as agriculture, housing, and health services. Their findings indicated that regions that enjoy effective government in the 1990s have inherited a legacy of civic engagement that can be traced back to the early Middle Ages.

Rached, Eglal, Eva Rathgeber and David Brooks (eds.). Water management in Africa and the Middle East : challenges and opportunities. Ottawa, ON: International Development Research Centre, 1996. 294 p.

Abstract: This book is the result of an International Development Research Centre (IDRC) workshop that considered the present situation of water management in Africa and the Middle East. The workshop was held in December 1994 in Cairo, Egypt. Considerable revisions were made to some papers and two additional papers have been included in this collection. A number of presentations deal with local water problems and management efforts, these often include case studies. Conceptual papers consider three topics: the application of demand-side management, conservation and efficiency; the allocation of water resources for different uses; and the roles of women as water users and managers.

Reilly, Charles (ed.). New paths to democratic development in Latin America : the rise of NGO-municipal collaboration. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1995. 317 p.

Abstract: This book goes beyond the study of NGOs themselves to explore the complex ties they form with local and state governments to deliver services to constituents. The authors analyze collaborative ventures among municipal government, social movements, and NGOs in the region that offer citizens a measure of hope for meeting housing, health, education, and environmental needs through experimentation, contracting, extension, and self-provisioning. Based on field research carried out during 1990-91, these studies in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru chronicle important developments as democracy take hold despite the challenges of fiscal shortfalls, social tensions, political competition, and economic hardship.

Rennie, J. Keith and Naresh C. Singh. Participatory research for sustainable livelihoods : a guidebook for field projects. Winnipeg, MB: International Institute for Sustainable Development, 1996. 122 p.

Abstract: This publication is a guidebook for performing field projects on adaptive strategies. The reader is taken through six stages of project execution. There is a review of the research problematic and the underlying concepts, key theorems and hypothesis. The author provides principles for the selection of countries and NGOs or consultants for field research, and initial preparations for the country projects. The author presents a number of participatory field work methods and techniques, with examples from actual project experiences built into a generic field investigation. Policy analysis is performed as part of project execution, specifically considering socio-economic conditions and the total external environment impinging on the community’s livelihood system. The last part of this guidebook discusses the various outputs that are expected from the project and the use of these outputs at local, national, and international levels.

Rice, Andrew E., and Cyril Ritchie.. Relationship between international non-governmental organizations and the United Nations : a research and policy paper. Geneva: Union of International Associations, 1995. 14 p.

Abstract: Explores how NGOs and the United Nations have worked together, or not together, over the past 50 years. The authors put forward some general and specific recommendations for improvement of the performance of both parties - separately and together - in the future.

Ridell, Roger C. and Mark Robinson. Non-governmental organizations and rural poverty alleviation. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1995. 303 p.

Abstract: Bringing together sixteen evaluations from four countries this book examines the work that non-governmental organizations (NGO) have conducted in rural poverty alleviation. The authors review the problem of rural poverty and the various approaches to poverty alleviation. The activities and individual characteristics of NGOs are reviewed. The arguments and strategies for reviewing NGO performance are examined. From the results of case-studies the impact of NGO poverty alleviation projects are evaluated. Some of the key conclusions are that NGO interventions fail to reach the poorest, that they are costly, and not sustainable when the NGO ceased operating in a particular area.

Conference: Rio+5 Forum (1996 : Rio de Janeiro). [Misc. Materials from the Conference March 13-19, 1997, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil].

Contents: (Selected) Implementing sustainable development - experiences and recommendations from national and regional consultations for the Rio+5 Forum; Implementing...summaries of special focus reports prepared for the Rio+5 Forum; Implementing...proceedings of the Rio+5 Forum; Expanding the measure of wealth : indicators of environmentally sustainable development : Rio+5 edition - draft for discussion (World Bank); Five years after Rio : innovations in environmental policy : Rio+5 edition - draft for discussion (World Bank); Advancing sustainable development : the World Bank and Agenda 21 since the Rio Earth Summit : Rio+5 edition : draft for discussion (World Bank); Rio+5...progress reports; Rio+5...Executive summary Rio+5 Regional Consultation MERCOSUR : Santiago, Chile 1997; Rio+5...Regional Consultations of the Central and Eastern Europe and CIS; Rio+5...Rio+5 synthesis report of Africa and the Middle East consultations on implementation of sustainable development (Dorm-Adzobu); Rio+5...Regional report evaluation of Latin America; Rio+5...Asia and the Pacific consultations on implementation of sustainable development; Rio+5...compilation reports from Rio+5 consultations in Western Europe; Rio+5...report of North American Region NCSDs; Rio+5...Second Day Complete Set of Documents; Rio+5...Third Day Complete Set of Documents; Draft for discussion...National Councils for Sustainable Development...Making sustainable development work: a vision and practical measures for National Councils as...; Rio+5 special focus report : Trade and sustainable development (IISD); Summary of papers submitted; Rio+5...Special focus report : information and communications; The potential of National Councils for Sustainable Development (NCSDs) for stakeholder empowerment and dispute resolution: the case of the Philippine Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD)...(Perlas); Energy for a sustainable tomorrow... (Energy 21); APEC and the Environment...(Bello, Bullard); Japan’s industry-wise voluntary action plans (interim report) (KEIDANREN); Stuck in the mud? Nation-states, globalisation and the environment (Zarsky); Summary of the results of the Rio+5 Forum...; Rio+5 Information and Communications recomm...; Another last chance to save the world (Holmes); A child’s right to sustainable development (UNICEF); Special focus report : Five MEAS, five years since Rio: recent lessons on the effectiveness of multilateral environmental agreements (Werksman); Signals of change : transparency and commitments (Kanoh); Development Alternatives...Rio+5 Special; Local government implementation of Agenda 21 (ICLEI); GEA : Global Environment Action ; CATIE’s commitment with Agenda 21 into the XXI Century; Signals of change : business progress towards sustainable development (Schmidheiny, Chase, DeSimone, WBCSD); Meeting the challenge of the emerging global system : a meeting of international NGO forum networks...conference report; Environmental review of the Uruguay Round to support sustainable development (WWF); World order in the 21^st Century...an abstract of the book Modern Rationalism (Moiseev); Notes for Rio+5 (Sonntag, Bunnell); Second draft - National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy...National Civil Society Consultation on Forestry Issues for Rio+5; First draft - summary of proceedings - National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy...National Civil Society Consultation on Energy Issues for Rio+5; Joint implementation - a more equitable approach (Hironaka); The Perlman Principles : Cities are our future; Education...the forgotten priority of Rio?...(IUCN); Pollution perceived as survival threat : global poll reveals...(Environment Monitor); Assessing past performance and future prospects for a sustainable planet (Waller-Hunter); Ecosystem management as a tool for sustainable development: a synthesis paper (Budowski); Financing sustainable development : a Rio+5 assessment of Agenda 21 and its implementation (Umana); Governance for sustainable development - empowerment of people in democracies for global sustainability (People First); Special focus report : RIO+5 assessment...(AIESEC); Agenda 21 for the travel & tourism industry : towards environmentally sustainable development; Renewing the spirit of Rio : a survey of the successes and failures of the commission on sustainable development (Verheij, Pace); Associative economics : responding to the challenge of elite globalization (Perlas); Ecological footprints of nations...(Wackernagel, Onisto, Linares, Falfan, Garcia, Guerrero, Guerrero); Protecting the atmosphere : Agenda 21, Chapter 9 (WRI); Information and communications for sustainable development: IDRC’s response to Agenda 21 (Benmouffok, Nijhawan); Draft summary of key problems/obstacles to implementation in Western Europe (Bernstein); Report on the participation of indigenous peoples during the Regional Central American and Caribbean meeting for Rio+5; Progress on China’s agenda 21; African and the Middle East [NCSDs]; Sweden after Rio (Swedish Society for Nature Conservation); An integrated report on the Ministry of Environment [Lebanon]; Speech of the President of the Republic of Brazil (Cardoso); Regional response of the Baltic Sea countries to Global Agenda 21 (Kaasik); An NGO alternative for Rio+5 : Hungary : review of national progress on Rio documents; Philippine Council for Sustainable Development; The road to sustainable development : a snapshot of activities in the United States of America; Experience of Central and Eastern Europe in the implementation of sustainable development (Kaasik); Results and perspectives for sustainable development in Costa Rica : evaluation of the National Sustainable Development Council for the Rio+5 evaluation process; Finnish National Commission on Sustainable Development.

Abstract: Collection of material from the Rio+5 Forum. This meeting of representatives of civil society met to discuss progress, or lack thereof, since the Earth Summit held in the same place five years ago. Some pre-conference material is included.

Rockefeller, Steven C. Principles of environmental conservation and sustainable development : summary and survey. San Jose, Costa Rica: Earth Charter Project, Earth Council, 1996. 152 p.

Notes: Publishing information assumed.

Contents: (Selected) Introduction; Evolving legal principles for sustainable development (Robinson); Part one: summary of principles; Part two: survey of principles; Appendix I - General principles (Part I) of the World Charter for Nature (1982); Appendix II - Tokyo declaration of the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) (1987); and General Principles, Rights, and Responsibilities (Part I) of Summary of Proposed Legal Principles for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development adopted by the WCED Experts Groups on Environmental Law (1987); Appendix III - Principles of a Sustainable Society as presented in Caring for the Earth: A Strategy for Sustainable Living, IUCN, UNEP, WWF (1991); Appendix IV - Fundamental Principles (Part II) and General Obligations (Part III) of Draft Covenant on Environment and Development (1995) prepared by the Commission on Environmental Law of the World Conservation Union (IUCN); Appendix V - Proposed Benchmark Principles of Sustainable Development prepared for an Expert Group Meeting on Identification of Principles in International Law for Sustainable Development, Geneva, 26-28 September 1995; Appendix VI - Selected NGO treaties produced by the International NGO Forum, Rio de Janeiro, 1992.

Abstract: This publication provides both a summary overview and a survey of principles of environmental conservation and sustainable development. The intent of the document is to identify the core values and principles that should be considered for inclusion in an Earth Charter.

Samad, Syed Abdus, Tatsuya Watanabe and Seung-Jim Kim (eds.). People’s initiatives for sustainable development : lessons of experience. Kuala Lumpur: Asian and Pacific Development Centre, 1995. 470 p.

Abstract: This volume is the result and final product from the project entitled Building Operational Strategies of Sustainable Development Upon People’s Initiatives that was implemented between 1991 and 1993. The focus of the projects was a carefully designed research programme on the subject in which leading policy research institutes and researchers of the region actively participated. NGOs and grassroots level organisations as catalysts of local level initiatives constituted the main building blocks of the study which covered seven countries of the region including: Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka in South Asia and Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand in South East Asia. The volume contains the country case studies, their syntheses, leading issues having a bearing on programme/project sustainability and finally an operational strategy to trigger the latent capacity of the community to initiate and complete viable programmes of sustainable livelihood and development.

Sandbrook, Richard and Halfani Mohamed (eds.). Empowering people : building community, civil associations, and legality in Africa. Toronto, ON: Centre for Urban and Community Studies, 1993. 209 p.

Conference: International Conference of Civil Associations (1991: Arusha, Tanzania).

Contents: (Selected): Bringing law to the people; Building community and civil associations (Women’s associations, Self Help Rural Associations) ; Regenerating civil society; Revitalizing local government; Creating conditions for democratic development; Arusha Declaration on People’s Empowerment.

Abstract: Discussions by social activists from eight sub-Saharan countries on how to help empower popular organizations so that they can respond to their marginalized constituencies.

Schneider, Aaron and Sanjit Roy. Policy from the people: a North-South NGO policy dialogue. Sustainable Development Reports – 1992 no.2. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Council for International Co-operation, 1992.

Abstract: In the two years preceding UNCED, CCIC set up a computer conference to engage in a dialogue over the issues that concerned developing countries most. The initial focus of the conference was to be a critique of the UNCED process, expectations therein, policy analysis and recommendations. The conference focus, however, evolved into the more general discussion on development and poverty. This paper summarizes the discussions emerged in the conference.

Schroyer, Trent (ed.). A world that works : building blocks for a just and sustainable society. TOES (The Other Economic Summit). New York, NY: Bootstrap Press, 1997. 355 p.

Abstract: This volume offers alternative ideas and experiences that are moving us toward a more just and sustainable future. It is also setting the stage for the next TOES (The Other Economic Summit) in Denver in 1997. The ideas and experiences presented in this book are grouped around several themes, such as what works to create real wealth, to democratize science and technology, to link sustainability with justice in the real world, and to build sustainable livelihoods and sustainable communities.

Serageldin, Ismail and Pierre Landell-Mills (eds.). Overcoming global hunger : proceedings of a conference on actions to reduce hunger worldwide. Environmentally sustainable development proceedings series no.3. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1995. 256 p.

Contents: Global challenge; Macroeconomic reform: its impact on poverty and hunger (Birdsall): special address - the scope of public action to reduce chronic hunger (Masire); Targeted interventions: what works best to reduce hunger (Al - Sultan); Lessons of experience (Yunus): special address - Ending hunger - a global concern (Boutros-Ghali); The political economy of hunger (Sen) : special address - NGOs and international organizations - developing collaboration to fight hunger (Carter); Commitment to action.

Abstract: The analysis set out in the supporting papers prepared for the conference brings out the strong link between hunger and poverty alleviation. Countries such as Indonesia that have achieved rapid growth in per capita incomes have also seen a rapid reduction in the number of families below the poverty line. Case studies illustrate a number of different hunger alleviation programs that allow insight into what works best.

SID PIED Workshops on Civil Society and Sustainable Livelihoods held in Asia, Sub-saharan Africa, Latin America and North America. Towards sustainable livelihoods. Rome: Society for International Development, 1996. 168 p.

Abstract: This report contains 24 papers most of which were prepared for the four regional workshops on the theme of sustainable livelihoods. The papers centre on three major subject areas: 1) defining sustainable livelihoods; 2) identifying the constraints and barriers to sustaining livelihoods and lastly; 3) case studies from civil society organizations as concrete responses to the problem of social and economic exclusion resulting from lack of adequate and meaningful employment.

Sierra Business Council. Sierra Nevada wealth index : understanding and tracking our region’s wealth. Truckee, CA: SBC, 1996. 48 p.

Contents: 1 - Social capital; 2 - Natural capital; 3 - Financial capital.

Singh, Naresh and Laurie Ham (eds.). Community-based resources management and sustainable livelihoods : the grass-roots of sustainable development. Winnipeg, MB: International Institute of Sustainable Development, 1995. 155 p.

Conference: Community-based Resources Management Conference (1995 : Winnipeg)

Abstract: The papers in this compendium are the result of some of the presentations made at the Community Based Resource Management Conference hosted by the Natural Resources Institute at the University of Manitoba, 27-29 April, 1995. The selections in this volume discuss community-based resource management and follow four basic themes: (a) a "people approach" to resource management, (b) attention to the local knowledge held by resource users, (c) focus on property rights, and (d) focus on institutions among the users.

Smillie, Ian. The alms bazaar : altruism under fire - non-profit organizations and international development. Ottawa, ON: International Development Research Centre, 1995. 286 p.

Abstract: This book discusses the three or four thousand Northern voluntary organizations that work in the South, and their partners: the small village groups, the national organizations, the movements and coalitions that deal with health, education, jobs, the environment and human rights. Part of the book deals with the origins of these organizations and their work. Some of it deals with the messages they convey. And a large part has to do with the role of organizations and associations in helping to build and maintain responsible and democratic government. But the book is primarily about the challenges they face in a time of unprecedented global change, and during what appears to be a pivotal moment in their evolution. This book also explores the public opinion and the images created by the voluntary sector in the minds of people in industrialized countries, through fundraising and what is known as ‘development education’.

Society for International Development. Civil society and sustainable livelihoods workshop report : Mexico City, April 6-9, 1994. Rome: SID, 1994. 60 p.

Society for International Development. International conference on sustainable village based development. Boulder, CO: SID, 1993. 5 volumes.

Society for International Development. One world or several : towards a strategy for growth, sustainability and solidarity in an interdependent world : regional seminars 4. Amsterdam: Rank Xerox Communication Service, 1991. 13 v. in 1

Conference: World Conference (20^th : 1991 : Amsterdam)

Contents: Check against liberty, by Gro Harlem Brundtland. Statement of the Brahma Kumaris World Spiritual University on North-South NGO problems, by B.J. Jayanti. Women, population and natural resource management, by Maria Eugenia Pen¢n de Cotter. The changing patterns of population and resource consumption in Korea, by Ock-Kyung Kim. Communication, democracy and development, by Jyoti Shankar Singh. From big global strategies, back to some small basics, by Gideon Naor. Technology transfer: a case study of the capital goods sector in Indonesia, by Peter Van Diermen. The contribution of foreign aid to development, and the role of the private sector, by Roger C. Riddell. Private sector development and small scale industries, by Guido Alfredo A. Delgado. The non-conventional industrialist: a success story, by S.A. Mannan. Beyond the debt crisis, by H.W. Singer. The relevance of law and legal resources to development, by

Benjamin Lubinda Ngenda. Enlarging the pie: how development lawyers can help marginalized people, by L. Michael Hager.

Stiles, Daniel (ed.). Social aspects of sustainable dryland management. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1995. 313 p.

Abstract: This book attempts to address the overall problem of land degradation and provides ways in which dryland productivity and viability can be increased and managed in future years. The volume bases its results on case studies and field research projects, and encourages a greater involvement of the local population in developing methods of management of their own natural resources. A central focus is on the use of participatory approaches of natural resources management, the use of indigenous knowledge, and the consideration of gender issues.

Stonehouse, John. Amazonia and Britain : commerce, policy and pressure. Brussels, Belgium: Environment & Development Resource Centre, 1995. 32 p.

Abstract: This study examines the economics and politics of the bilateral relationship between Britain and Amazonia under the three headings of commerce, government and the NGO sector. The paper covers the roles and the impact of policies and practices of the private sector, government and non-governmental organisations. The paper attempts to consider the prospects for, and obstacles to, an integration of British national policies towards Amazonia in such fields as commerce and trade, aid, diplomatic relations, drugs policy and eco-tourism. The paper also attempts to introduce international readers to the peculiarities of British environmental politics.

Streeten, Paul. Strategies for human development : global poverty and unemployment. Studies in international economics and management no.21. Copenhagen: Handelshojskolens Forlag, 1994. 118 p.

Abstract: The author discusses the strategies that should be adopted to eradicate mass poverty, unemployment and underemployment and the role of the state, of public policy, and of civil society. He also discusses the positive and normative political economy of reform: how to mobilize the political coalitions and alliances for the correct policies.

Stuckey, Joe. Lessons learned about partnership : the Belize Zoo / CARE case. San Jose, CR: Proyecto Ambiental para Centro America, 1995. 9 p.

Abstract: This document was written to help disseminate lessons learned from PACA’s institutional strengthening activities. It uses as its base an analysis of CARE’s partnership experience with the Belize Zoo.

Stuckey, Joe and David Kauck. Institutional partnering : perspectives and lessons learned from the PACA project. Agriculture and Natural Resources Technical Report Series. No.5.

San Jose, Costa Rica: Proyecto Ambiental para Centro America, 1994.45 p.

Abstract: This paper deals with partnering. It discusses lessons on partnering, from the CARE perspective. Its intent is to promote critical analysis of CARE’s implementation and management structure regarding partnering.

Susskind, Lawrence E., Eric Jay Dolin and J. William Breslin (eds.). International environmental treaty making. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Law School. Program on Negotiation, 1992. 192 p.

Abstract: The papers in this volume explore the kinds of institutional reforms that might help to strengthen the global environmental treaty-making system. Papers include: an examination of possible ways of enhancing the involvement of NGOs in the treaty-making process; new roles for secretariats; the latest remote sensing technology; a summary of the impacts of several multilateral treaties focused on the future of the Amazonian rain forest; and, strategies for improving compliance with international agreements; among others.

Swanson, Kathryn M. Grassroots resource directory. New York: UNCHS-HABITAT, 1997. 80 p.

Abstract: This directory provides contact information and descriptive information about financial resources, collaboration areas and services offered to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) through the United Nations system. The first section is about general information that is helpful in accessing information about women and United Nations activities. The second section includes publications and services offered by NGOs in the United States that either work closely with United Nations agencies or offer assistance to grassroots organizations around the world.

Synergos Institute. Building development projects in partnership with NGOs and communities : An action agenda for government policymakers and donors. (Rev. Draft) New York, NY: Synergos, 1992. 17 p.

Tauli-Corpuz, Victoria. "Reflections on the future of civil society and the United Nations". Third World Resurgence 60 (1995):38-40.

Abstract: Speech delivered to the "We the Peoples Conference" in San Francisco, June 1995. Tauli-Corpuz argues that the future of the UN and that of social movements are much interlinked.

Tesfu, Costantinos Berhe. Employment-based social safety net interfaces in the relief development continuum. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Council of Voluntary Agencies, 1994. 17 p.

Conference: Global NGO Forum : Building Sustainable Societies (1994 : Addis Ababa, Ethiopia)

Abstract: Discusses popular participation and a role for NGOs in the development/relief continuum.

Third World Resources. "Joint NGO statement on issues and proposals for the WTO ministerial conference". Third World Resurgence 77/78 (Jan., 1997) : 29-37.

Thomas, Gail Michele. Central American NGOs: their role in the environmental policy arena. San Jose, CR: PACA, 1994. Various pages.

Abstract: Examines the role of Central American NGOs in natural resource management and environmental policy. Contains case studies from Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras.

Trzyna, Thaddeus C. (et al). World directory of environmental organizations : a handbook of national and international organizations and programs, governmental and non-governmental, concerned with protecting the earth’s resources. (5^th. ed.) Sacramento: California Institute of Public Affairs, 1996. 263p.

United Kingdom. Department of the Environment. Partnerships in practice : [case studies and proceedings of the three-day international conference] Partnerships for Change, Manchester, UK, in September 1993. London: UK Department of the Environment, 1994.192 p.

Contents: (Selected): Case studies: Sustainable Seattle, USA; Curitiba City, Brazil; Tague Initiative, Ecuador; CAMPFIRE, Zimbabwe; INBio-Merck Collaborative Biodiversity Research Agreement, Costa Rica; Greenfreeze, the world’s first completely ozone-safe fridge, Germany; Metro Manila Women’s Garbage Recycling Programme, the Philippines; Landcare Programme, Australia; Sustainable communities, UK; Sustainable citizenship, Scottish Environmental Forum. Workshops: Sustainable resource management; Environment and health; Sustainable urban communities; Sustainable rural communities; Sustainable development policies for business;

Sustainable development and employment; Appropriate technology; National sustainability strategies and plans; Local sustainability strategies and plans; Participation in decision making. Workshops: Business partnerships for sustainable development; Sustainable agriculture; Sustainability indicators. Statements: A change in partnerships for Africa; United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development; Earth Council; From Rio to the workplace: summary of ICFTU meeting; Global Forum ’94.

Abstract: Conference designed to bring people together around a programme which would not be dominated by the interests of one national government but would draw upon a great variety of views and experiences related to both successes and failures of post-UNCED activities.

United Nations. [Miscellaneous materials from the Conference 6^th - 12^th March 1995, Copenhagen]. New York, NY: UN, 1995.

Notes: Publisher and dates vary

Conference: World Summit for Social Development (1995 : Copenhagen)

Contents: (Selected): A new age of equity (Speth); Advancing social development : a World Bank contribution to the Social Summit (World Bank); The Copenhagen alternative declaration (NGO Forum of the World Summit for Social Development); Human as a commodity : the hidden agenda of the World Summit....; Report of the World Summit for Social Development (United Nations); Was the summit a success?; The Nordic Way : social summit special (2 copies); United Nations World Summit for Social Development : The interdependence of development and constitutional order (American Association for the International Commission of Jurists); Social defence and integration : basic data (Republic of Tunisia. Ministry of Social Affairs); Behind the scenes : Danish NGO report on UN’s World Summit for Social Development...;Needed: a new anomie concept for development to reduce global destabilization: Chairman’s report to the World Summit for Social Development...(Swiss Academy for Development); Priorities for improvement of the draft declaration and programme of action (International Council on Social Welfare);

Business in the service of man: UNIAPAC contribution to the United Nations World...(International Christian union of business executives); Four essentials for eradicating poverty: recommendations for the World Summit... (ODC); Challenges for NGOs No. 3, December 1994 (UN); Copenhagen declaration on the right to just and sustainable societies : the Environment Caucus Statement

on the Social Summit; Proposed text revisions : The draft declaration and draft programme of action (Bahai International Community. Office of the Environment); Health in social development

: WHO position paper : World Summit for ...(WHO); Reconceptualizing development: human rights education as a tool for development: a working paper on integrating human rights education in all development and post-conflict programs (The Independent Commission on Human Rights Education); Summit - plus - one June no. 3, 1996.

United Nations. Commission on Sustainable Development. [Miscellaneous materials issued by non-governmental organizations]. New York: Commission on Sustainable Development, 1995. Dates of publication vary.

Contents: Orientation guide for NGO participants at the first session of the ...; Options for NGO participation in the commission on sustainable development (United Nations Association of the United States of America); Achieving global environmentally sustainable development: recommendations for implementing Agenda 21... (Sierra Club); The U.N. Commission on Sustainable Development: opportunities for early work on forests: an analysis and rationale...(Sierra Club, Friends of the Earth - U.S., National Wildlife Federation); CSD 95: Making UNCED work (World Wide Fund for Nature); UNCED - implementation now... (WWF); NGO issue- and organizing priorities: NGO orientation...

United Nations. Commission on the Status of Women. [Miscellaneous pre-conference materials]. New York: UN, 1994.

Notes: Theme: "Action for development, quality and peace". Authors and dates of publication vary.

Conference: World Conference on Women (4^th : 1995 : Beijing)

Contents: (Selected): Draft Platform for Action; NGO Forum on Women ‘95 bulletins; Wealth of nations, poverty of women (ECE regional preparatory meeting, Vienna October 1994); WIDE perspective paper for the World Summit on Social Development and the fourth World Conference on Women; The long road to Beijing : a brief history of U.N. initiatives leading to the Fourth World Conference on Women (Allen and others); Regional platform for action : women in a changing world - call for action from an ECE perspective (Economic Commission for Europe); Adoption of the report : Vienna NGO Forum 94 Call to Action; Onward to Beijing : for equality, development peace (newsletter of the Canadian Beijing Facilitating Committee); Canada’s national report to the United Nations for the...conference; ngo news: without waiting for Beijing; U.S. delegates; Statement of the South Asian Women’s caucus; Agenda for equal partnership (Bangladesh); Your rights in Beijing; Focus on 4WCW; Women’s linkage caucus; 180 days/180 ways: women’s action campaign; Take the brackets off women’s lives (2 copies); IWTC global net: new and developments about the fourth world conference on women; NGO forum on women Beijing ‘95 information packet; ‘95 preview: shaping the agenda for the 4FCW; shake yourself so the seeds will fall: Policy recommendations from the Women and Sustainable Development: Canadian Perspectives Conference...; Statement of the Islamic Research Academy Al-Azhar Al-Sharif...;

Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 1995 Information for participants; Beijing countdown begins : Draft platform ready and women prepared for action; Women’s Linkage Caucus recommendations on bracketed text in the WCW draft platform for action...

United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Development. Foreign investment and joint ventures in the mining sector : selected papers presented at the ... seminar, Haikou City, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China, 7-11 December 1992. New York, NY: UN,

1993. 112 p

Conference: UN Interregional Seminar (1992 : Haikou City, CN)

Contents: Joint ventures between the state and mining companies, by David Fraser & Michael Sharwood; Evaluating state participation in mineral projects: equity, infrastructure, and taxation, by Philip Daniel; Junior companies: investment strategies for developing countries, by Dennis R. O’Neill; Mineral sector investment criteria: an industry perspective, by Douglas Ritchie; Foreign investment in Chile, by Hernan A. Buchi Buc; China’s regulatory regime for foreign investment in minerals, by Fu Mingke; Impact of environmental protection policy on foreign investment, by Beatrice Lebonne; Mining and the environment: issues for international investment, by Dennis R. O’Neill; Foreign investment and joint ventures in the mining sector: the Brazilian experience, by Elmer Prata Salomalo; The mineral industry of India: perspective and prospects, by M. Gopalakrishna; Twenty-five years of foreign investment in the Indonesian mineral sector, by Rozik Soetjipto; The mineral economy of Mexico, by Pedro Hoth; Attracting foreign investment in the Namibian mining sector, by Kombadayedu Kapwanga.

United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. Alternative treaty-making: a process in support of sustainable societies and global responsibility. Sao Paulo: Forum of Brazilian NGOs for UNCED 92, 1992. 1 v. in various paging.

Notes: Rev. pre-publication ed. October 1992. Contains texts of 39 NGO Treaties written at the Earth Summit in Rio.

Conference: International Non-Government Organization Forum (1992 : Rio de Janeiro)

Contents: Name of Forum varies : also called Ninety-two (‘92) Global Forum, International NGO Forum. Prepared for distribution at Eco Ed: World Congress of Environmental Education and Communication on Environment and Development (1992 : Toronto).

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Commodities Division. ISO 14001 : International environmental management systems standards : five key questions for developing country officials. Geneva: United Nations, 1996. 109 p.

Abstract: This report presents the results of a study of the ISO 14001 standard for environmental management systems and how this standard, along with the other standards in the ISO 14000 series, may impact developing countries. The report provides a critical perspective of the way in which ISO standards are developed. It also reviews the relationship between these standards and developments in the GATT, multilateral environmental agreements and UN system expert groups. Lastly, the report identifies directions which governments may take with respect to the ISO initiative and the costs that such action might have on governments, national standard-setting bodies and businesses large and small.

United Nations Development Fund for Women and United Nations Non-Governmental Liaison Service. Putting gender on the agenda : a guide to participating in UN world conferences. New York, NY: UNIFEM, 1995. 51p.

Abstract: This handbook provides specific and practical information about how UN world conferences work and how to enhance NGO participation. Descriptions of how these conferences are planned and organized, as well as suggestions for NGO activities based NGO experiences and inquiries are included.

United Nations Non-Governmental Liaison Service. Economic and social development in the United Nations System : a guide for NGOs. (8^th. rev.) Geneva: NGLS, 1995. 160 p.

United Nations Non-Governmental Liaison Service. Implementing Agenda 21 : NGO experiences from around the world. Geneva: NGLS, 1997. 176 p.

Contents: (Selected) NGOs and the UN system since the Rio Summit: The NGO Steering Committee for the Commission on Sustainable Development (Bigg, Dodds); Issues: The implementation of Agenda 21 and indigenous peoples (Tauli-Corpuz), Sustainable development of nontimber forest products (Hyman), ICLEI acts in response to UNCED (Walker), Less is more: Synthetic chemical hazards and the right to know (Rutherford), Greening the consumer (Cook), The eco-volunteer concept: An alternative approach to sustainable development (Sorgedrager), The unsaid in UNCED (Cross, Warnock), Sustainable development and world citizenship (Arturo), Campaigning for local natural resource management in Africa (Walubengo); Country experiences: Implementing Agenda 21 : The Caribbean NGO experience (Brown), Religion and conservation in Ghana (Anane), Citizens and the biodiversity convention : The Indian experience (Kothari), The local partners approach to urban waste management in Morroco (Ibrahim, Watchueng), Pakistan: Implementing Agenda 21 locally (Arif), Russian NGOs: Searching for a sustainable future (Ponizova), Scotland after UNCED (Roddick), Agenda 21 for Slovenia (Wagner), Saving the plants that save lives in the South Pacific (Strathy), Zambian women and economic empowerment (Chisupa).

Abstract: This book presents a variety of views from Non-governmental organizations involved in implementing or monitoring Agenda 21. Articles are grouped by issue and by country.

United Nations Non-Governmental Liaison Service. NGO Committee on Development. Implementing sustainable development: moving forward on the World Commission on Environment and Development report: Our Common Future. New York, NY: NGLS, 1988. Unpaged.

Conference: International Forum on Environment and Development (1987 : New York)

United Nations Non-Governmental Liaison Service. NGOs and grassroots development. Voices from Africa no.2. Geneva: NGLS, 1990. 114 p.

United Nations Non-governmental Liaison Service. Social priorities of civil society : speeches by non-governmental organizations at the World Summit for Social Development (Copenhagen : 6-12 March 1995). NGLS development dossiers. Geneva: NGLS, 1995. 163 p.

Contents: Foreword; Preface; Introduction; Baha’i International Community; BUSCO: Association mondiale des entrepreneurs pour le sommet social; Caucus Latinoamericano; Coalition of People of Faith; Commission on Global Governance; Confederacion Mundial del Trabajo; Conference on NGOs in consultative status with ECOSOC (CONGO); The Cousteau Society; The Development Caucus; Disabled People’s Organizations Umbrella Group; Eurostep; Federation mondiale des cites unies; ICC/IOE High-Level Group for the WSSD; Independent Commission for Population and Quality of Life; International Center for Economic Growth; International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU); International Council of Women; International Council on Social Welfare (ICSW); International Federation of Agricultural Producers (IFAP); International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies; International Movement ATD Fourth World; International Planned Parenthood Federation; International Youth Consultation on Social Development; Inter-Parliamentary Union; Mouvement mondial des meres; National Union of Working Women; NGO Committee on Aging; ONG africaines; Rights of the Child Caucus; Rotary International; Small Farmers, Producers, and Microentrepreneurs Caucus; Soroptimist International; South Asia Caucus; L’Union nationale de la femme tunisienne; The Values Caucus; Women’s Environment and Development Organization (WEDO); World Council of Churches; Appendices: Inaugural Address; Statement on the Copenhagen Alternative Declaration; Copenhagen Alternative

Declaration; The quality benchmark for the Social DSummit; Did we achieve the quality benchmark? An NGO assessment.

United Nations Non-Governmental Liaison Service. Sustainable development. Voices from Africa no.5. Geneva: NGLS, 1994. 120 p.

Contents: (Selected); Sustainable development: an analytical framework for Agenda 21; NGOs, democracy, and sustainable development in Africa; Women and sustainable development; Zambia Alliance of Women and Sustainable Development; Environmentally sustainable development in Zimbabwe; Technology, environment and development in Africa: creating endogenous capability for biodiversity conservation; Sustainable development priorities for the new South Africa; Desertification and development in the Sahel.

United Nations Non-Governmental Liaison Service. The NGLS handbook of UN agencies, programmes and funds working for economic and social development. (2^nd ed.) Geneva: NGLS, 1997. 305 p.

Contents: United Nations secretariat; FAO; IFAD; ILO; INSTRAW; UNCDF; UNCHS; UNCTAD; UNDCP; UNDP; UNEP; UNESCO; UNFPA; UNHCR; UNICEF;