Business and Sustainable Development

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Business and Sustainable Development ... Selected Sources

Books and Articles:

Ahuja, Gautam and Stuart L Hart. "Does it pay to be green? An empirical examination of the relationship between emission reduction and firm performance". Business Strategy and the Environment 5 (1996) : 30-37.

Abstract: Evidence can be marshalled to support either the view that pollution abatement is a cost burden on firms and is detrimental to competitiveness, or that reducing emissions increases efficiency and save money, giving firms a cost advantage. In an effort to resolve this seeming paradox, the relationship between emissions reduction and firm performance is examined empirically for a sample of S&P 500 firms using data drawn from the Investor Responsibility Research Center's Corporate Environmental Profile and Compustat.

AIESEC International. Corporate responsibility and entrepreneurship : a youth insight. Brussels, BE: AIESEC, 1992. 256 p.

Conference: AIESEC Global Theme Conference (1992 : Rome)

Contents: Enterprise and the environment; Social and cultural dimensions of the market; Human resource responsibility; Ethics in corporate communication; Global economy; Promoting competitive markets and entrepreneurship.

Abstract: Represents a youth perspective on how responsible business and industry can lead the way to sustainable development.

Allen, Marc. Visionary business : an entrepreneur's guide to success. Novato, California: New World Library, 1995. 169 p.

Abstract: Written in the form of a story, this book introduces the reader to 25 principles that show how to create a visionary business. These principles cover such topics as hiring practices, profit-sharing, and the creation of a business plan. The author's principles work towards the creation of a business that supports its employees, its community, and the environment.

Andraca, Roberto de and Ken F. McCready. Internalizing environmental costs to promote eco-efficiency. Geneva: Business Council for Sustainable Development BCSD, 1994. 107 p.

Contents: (Selected): Eco-efficiency; Accounting for environmental costs; The enabling framework (Role of government, Direct regulations, Economic instruments); Competitiveness and trade. Appendix 5 has Case studies on economic instruments and building partnerships.

Abstract: Series of recommendations to government policy makers and business decision makers to make eco-efficiency (through internalizing environmental costs into businesses and then businesses moving

those costs into the marketplace)) the business norm for the 21^stcentury.

Bann, Camille. The private sector and global warming mitigation. Lysaker, Norway: Fridtjof Nansen Institute, 1993. 26 p.

Contents: Introduction; Global warming; Types of offset projects; The climate change convention; Rationale for voluntary private company offset investments; Offset investments; Other initiatives; Offsets at the government/inter-government level; The role of the global environment facility; Problems associated with offset investments.

Abstract: This paper investigates ways in which the private sector could act to reduce or slow the accumulation of greenhouse gas emissions and thereby help to combat the threat of global warming. Particular attention is given to the concept of "international carbon offsets" financed by the private sector as a mechanism for reducing greenhouse gases. The role of the Global Environmental Facility is also discussed.

Beaumont, John R. "Managing the environment : business opportunity and responsibility". Futures, (April 1992): 187-205.

Bennett, Steven J. Ecopreneuring: The complete guide to small Business opportunities from the environmental revolution. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1991. 308p.

Contents: Includes business opportunities in recycling, energy conservation, safe foods, green products, green travel services, and air and water quality improvement, also in-depth information on market size, growth potential, capital requirements, overhead and special equipment, insurance, government regulations, competition, marketing and public relations.

Bertrand, Vivian and Tom Conawy. ISO 14000 and business strategy: an annotated bibliography: working paper. Winnipeg, MB: International Institute for Sustainable Development, 1996. 58 p.

Abstract: Six main issues related to business strategy are discussed in the bibliographic references within this document: the question of whether ISO 14000 will create a "level playing field", thereby reducing trade barriers; the question of the worth of ISO 14000; the integration of the standard with other standards, regulations or initiatives; the issue of the applicability of ISO 14000 to small and medium sized enterprises; the idea that the ISO 14000 series is part of the beginning of the voluntary or post regulatory era of regulation and the end of the command and control era; and whether ISO 14000 will be successful in reducing the environmental impact of corporations even though it contains no environmental performance specifications.

Bethlehem, Lael and Michael Goldblatt (eds.). The bottom line : industry and the environment in South Africa. Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press, 1997. 225 p.

Contents: (Selected) Introduction: issues and perspectives (Bethlehem, Goldblatt); 1 - The legislative framework - environmental law, investment and industrial practice (Lazarus, Currie, Short); 2 - Cheap energy - at what cost? Externalities in South Africa's electricity sector (Van Horen); 3 - Catalysing change : international environmental pressures on South African exporters (Bethlehem); 4 - Green trade restrictions? Some macroeconomic and environmental consequences (Gibson, Van Seventer); 5 - Registering pollution - the prospects for a pollution information system (Goldblatt); 6 - Small business management - a case study from the Western Cape automotive sector (Coleman); 7 - Unions and environment : life, health and the pursuit of employment (Magane, Miller, Goldblatt, Bethlehem); 8 - Lessons from Thor Chemicals - the links between health, safety and environmental protection (Butler); Conclusion - outcomes and policy implications (Bethlehem, Goldblatt)

Abstract: This book explores some of the important issues facing industrial environmental management in South Africa. Among the issues discussed: the relationship between environmental legislation and new investments; the environmental costs of electricity supply; international environmental pressures on South African exporters; the environmental management of small and medium-sized enterprises; links between health, safety and the environment; the role of trade unions in environmental management; and pollution inventories and other environmental information systems.

Bhat, Vasanthakumar N. The green corporation : the next competitive advantage. Westport, CN: Quorum Books, 1996. 263 p.

Abstract: This book argues that business can gain a competitive advantage by adopting green practices within management and the design of both services and products. The book discusses environmental problems that confront society and business, an overview of U.S. federal environmental laws is provided. The life-cycle assessment process is presented. The author addresses various environmental aspects of the product design, manufacture and marketing process. A variety of tools for assisting the greening process of a company are discussed.

Birkin, Frank, and Helle Bank Jorgensen. "Tales in two countries : an insight into corporate environmental reporting in Denmark and the UK". Business Strategy and the Environment 3 (3 : Autumn : 1994): 10-15.

Business Council for Sustainable Development. By-product synergy : a strategy for sustainable development : a primer. Austin, TX: BCSD-GM, 1997. 26 p.

Contents: (Selected) Background and overview of by-product synergy; The practice of by-product synergy - case studies : Chaparral Steel Company, The Bechtel Corporation, Florida Power & Light; The principles of by-product synergy; The problems of by-product synergy; The process of by-product synergy; Conclusion: The power and the promise of by-product synergy.

Abstract: This report provides examples of how several companies have increased their profitability while at the same time benefiting the environment through cross-industry collaboration and by-product synergy that converts the by-products and wastes of diverse industries, agriculture and communities into profitable products. Examples from a number of industries are provided. The principles, problems, and the process of achieving by-product synergy are discussed.

Business in the Environment. Buying into the environment : guidelines for integrating the environment into purchasing and supply. London, UK: Business in the Environment, 1995. 62 p.

Abstract: Discusses guidelines to help purchasing and supply professionals to: set an environmental agenda; help develop the business case; improve their understanding of environmental issues in the supply chain; understand what is current practice and build on the experience of others; and, facilitate the development of partnerships between customers and suppliers.

Business Roundtable. Position papers on issues involving trade and the environment. Washington, D.C.: The Business Roundtable, 1996. 23 p.

Cairncross, Frances. Green, inc.: a guide to business and the environment. London, UK: Earthscan, 1995. 277 p.

Contents: Economic growth and the environment; Environmental priorities and values; Environmental politics; Regulation; Taxes and permits; Natural-resource management and subsidies; The law and the environment; National accounts; The greenhouse effect; Saving energy; Nuclear power; Waste management; Protecting nature; The greening of companies; Business opportunities and the environment; Environmental investment and reporting; International agreements; Trade and the environment; Aid and the environment; Conclusion: a checklist for governments.

Abstract: Three points make up the main themes of the book. One is the extent to which it is possible to combine economic growth with environmental protection. Environmentalists often resent growth since it often causes environmental damage. Such resentment shows up in, for example, their criticisms of development aid and their hostility to large companies. A second point is the need for a sense of proportion. The most serious environmental problems arise not in the rich world but in the poor; they are not global warming or the hole in the ozone layer, but more mundane threats such as dirty water and severe air pollution. Such problems are often the result not of wealth but of poverty or of breakneck industrialization. The third theme is the key role for industry in finding solutions. Technological innovation holds out the main hope of environmental improvement. People will rarely change their behaviour or accept a reduction in living standards for the sake of the environment. Instead, new technologies will have to be devised that reduce the environmental impact of human activity.

Cairncross, Frances (ed.). Costing the Earth: The challenge for governments; The opportunity for business. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1992. 341p.

Contents: The author is environment editor of The Economist. 1: Growth and Sustainable Development; 2: Costs and Benefits; 3: Where Governments Fail; 4: Making Polluters Pay; 5: Energy Efficiency; 6: Conservation; 7: International Environmental Management; 8: The Challenge to Companies; 9: The Green Consumer; 10: Waste Disposal; 11: Recycling; 12: Cleaner Processes, Cleaner Products; 13: Environmental Management; 14: Industry and the Global Environment. Also includes a checklist for companies.

Callenbach, Ernest. Ecomanagement : the Elmwood guide to ecological auditing and sustainable business. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 1993. 188 p.

Abstract: Provides a framework (using thirteen checklists) for companies planning to design their own audits.

Canada. Environment Canada. Moving towards sustainable consumption and production : Building a community of concern and commitment : May 26-27, 1997 : Chateau Cartier Hotel, Aylmer, Quebec., [1997]. Various pagings.

Contents: 1 - Introduction; Vision; Issues and challenges; 2 - Pathways; The role of pollution prevention in sustainable production (Delphi Group): I - Introduction, II - Background - Approaches to pollution prevention, III - framework for pollution prevention in Canada; IV - Moving towards cleaner production; 3 - The role of pollution prevention in sustainable production (Delphi); 4 - Financing sustainable consumption & production - Engaging capital markets (Delphi Group): I - The critical role of capital, II - Capital markets and financing sustainability, III - Case examples of sustainable financing and investment, IV - Issues concerning the sustainable use of capital; V - Concluding remarks; 5 - Sustainable consumption: Issues and challenges (IndEco Strategic Consulting): I - Background and overview, II - Consumption and sustainable development, III - Sustainable consumption and consumer behavior, IV - Sustainable consumption practices in Canada, V - Moving toward sustainable consumption, VI - Issues raised; VII - Concluding remarks; 6 - Walpole Island, First Nation, Canada; Towards sustainable consumption with Ecoteams (GAP International); 7 - The role of economic instruments in sustainable production and consumption (Delphi Group): I - economic instruments, taxation & public expenditures, II - Taxation issues and reform, III - The re-configuration of public expenditures, IV - Environmental charges and benefits, V - Barriers to economic instruments which support SCAP, VI - Economic instruments: Issues for discussion, VII - Closing remarks; 8 - Green purchasing as a catalyst for sustainable production and consumption (Delphi Group): I - Introduction, II - Scope and definition, III - Status of green purchasing, IV - Challenges to advancing green purchasing, V - Opportunities and responses, VI - Leadership and best practices in green purchasing, VII - Key policy issues for further discussion; 9 - Reducing the ecological footprint of consumption (Rees); 10 - Product environmental management (IndEco Strategic Consulting Inc.): I - The relationship between sustainable production and consumption and product environmental management, II - Background and overview, III - Product environmental management in Canada, IV - Issues raised

Abstract: This report provides the results of workshop discussions on achieving sustainable consumption. The remainder of this volume is a collection of papers provided by participants in the workshops.

Canada. Environment Canada.

Canada. Environment Canada. Technology, competitiveness and Canada's environmental industry : an outlook into the future development of the Canadian industry. Ottawa, ON: Environment Canada, 1997. Various pagings.

Contents: (Selected) 1 - Introduction; 2 - Drivers of demand for environmental products and services; 3 - Global opportunities and Canada's competitive position; 4 - The Canadian environmental industry sector; 5 - Canadian public policy: standards, guidelines and government support for industry; 6 - Toward the future.

Abstract: This report examines the growing environmental industry sector in Canada. The authors discuss the different drivers of demand for environmental products and services. Global opportunities for Canadian business in various world markets are assessed. Canada's position in global markets is considered. The Canadian environmental industry sector is examined by subsector and by region. The authors discuss existing support for the environmental industry in Canada through both legislation and government programs. Recommendations for various new forms of support for Canada's environmental industry sector are provided.

Canada. Industry Canada, and Canada. Environment Canada. A strategy for the Canadian environmental industry : 1996 [Nineteen Ninety Six] update. Ottawa, ON: Industry Canada, 1996. 24 p.

Contents: (Selected) Introduction to the strategy update; Canada's core environmental industry strategy; Delivering federal government support to the industry in a direct, easily accessible, service-oriented and cost-effective way; Supporting the promising development and commercialization of innovative environmental technologies; Improving access to domestic and global environmental markets for Canadian companies; Partnership with the Canadian environmental industry; Conclusion. Canada. Industry Canada. Environmental industry virtual offices.

Canadian Bankers Association. Your bank, your business and the environment. Toronto: CBA, 1993. 4p.

Abstract: This publication outlines the concerns that Banks have regarding borrowers and their environmental management practices. Development of an environmental green plan for individual companies is suggested. In addition, completion of an environmental risk assessment by the bank is required for every loan transaction and an audit or assessment may be required for fully evaluating the credit risks associated with a borrower. Business insurance coverage specific to unintended pollution damage or activities with a measurable risk of environmental damage is available.

Canadian Chamber of Commerce. A small business guide to environmental management : focus two thousand (Focus 2000) . Ottawa: Canadian Chamber of Commerce, 1991. v. in box

Contents: Introduction; Framework for action; Developing an environmental policy; Assembling your environmental team; Conducting an environmental audit; Identifying environmental opportunities; Preparing an environmental action plan; Training and motivating your staff; Communicating your endeavours; Repeating the cycle; Appendices

Abstract: This workbook is an action-oriented planning guide designed to help Canadian companies put environmental responsibilities into practice. It is relevant to small and medium-sized firms across industry sectors. It presents a broad, action planning framework and works through each component of the framework in a straightforward, step-by-step manner. Some of the topics covered include: building a framework for action; developing an environmental policy; assembling an environmental team; conducting an environmental audit; identifying environmental opportunities; preparing an environmental action plan.

Canadian Chemical Producers' Association. A primer on...Responsible Care and sustainable development. Ottawa, ON: CCPA, 1994. 33 p.

Canadian Federation of Independent Business. The green grassroots: small business and the environment.. Toronto, ON: CFIB, 1991. 21 p.

Notes: Includes an environmental checklist for small business and the two ecosystems.

Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants. Environmental Management. Accounting and Reporting Interest Group. Environmental reporting : a corporate perspective : two-day conference, December 1-2 1994, Vancouver. Toronto, ON: CICA, 1994. 1 v. in various pagings

Contents: Acknowledging the environmental factor: The big picture: Canadians, business and the environment (Poyser), Major forces affecting corporations (Barg), The road to stewardship: one company's journey (Falls), Taking account of legal risks in your environmental management system EMS (Petrini), Environmental actions and public company stock prices (Sten); Addressing environmental priorities: Environmental risk assessment and priority setting (Robertson), Measuring environmental performance (Woodruffe), Environmental auditing (Arnold), Environmental auditing and due diligence (Harris); Reporting on progress: Internal management and reporting (Jordan), EMIS-Strategic tools for measuring and reporting performance (Fitzgerald), An environmental group's perspective (McDade), The attributes of quality environmental reports (Scott), The voice of experience (Hames), Producing an annual environmental report. Includes reference manual containing Public Environmental Reporting Initiative (PERI) guidelines, Electronic environmental reporting: the Internet and corporate environmental accountability (Communicopia Environmental Research), Publications samples, Environmental reports for KPMG, Shell Canada, Dow Canada, Ernst & Young (including Directors' environmental stewardship), CICA, EMAR Business Group Meetings' papers (The environment-challenge for the professional accountant-British perspective (Adams), Accounting developments: the European experience (Hibbitt), Environmental exposures and disclosure: changes in environmental law (McNaughton), Environmental audits and attestation (Abbott), National Pollutant Release Inventory NPRI (Bidal), Corporations and sustainability reporting: a public sector perspective (Inch)

Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants. Task Force on Sustainable Development. Environmental stewardship : management, accountability and the role of Chartered Accountants. Toronto, ON: CICA, 1993. 33 p.

Contents: The premise for action by Chartered Accountants (CAs): is this an issue for the CA profession?; Sustainable development, environmental stewardship; The new context for business; The societal role and responsibilities of CAs; Meeting current expectations; Shaping and meeting future roles and expectations; Keys to implementation.

Abstract: The report presents a number of steps that should be undertaken immediately in order to deliver against client, regulatory and societal expectations. CAs in all occupational sectors and roles are affected - in business, government and academe as well as public practice. CAs need to recognize and understand the new context for business, including the impact of environmental laws, regulations and related risks on operations, profitability, equity and cash flow. The report presents a number of major strategies to ensure the profession meets existing expectations for which it holds itself accountable and to ensure an orderly response to future expectations. The four areas of focus are: Expectations management; Competence building; Standards setting; Accreditation and quality.

Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants; Canadian Standards Association; Financial Executives Institute Canada and International Institute of Sustainable Development. Reporting on environmental performance. Toronto, ON: CICA, 1994. 183 p.

Contents: The environment and competitive position; Environmental stewardship and reporting; Environmental reporting decisions; Environmental reporting framework; Environmental performance indicators; Preparation and presentation of information. Appendices provide selected examples of environmental principles and codes of practice, examples of environmental performance indicators by industry, selected examples of narrative disclosures of environmental performance, and environmental reporting awards programs.

Abstract: Provides guidance an all aspects of environmental reporting (not just financial statement accounting and disclosures) and on various reporting methods.

Canadian Institute. Environmental management systems : preparing for the new reality. Toronto, ON: The Institute, 1992. Various pagings

Contents:(Selected) CSA's environmental management program and its relationship to other national and international environmental management systems initiatives (Wolfe); The legal framework (Heibert); Integration of EMS within an existing management structure (Jagroop); Establishing an effective information system (Gross); EMS for the retail sector - a case study of the environmental initiatives taken by Overwaitea Foods (Kinsey); Formulating a corporate environmental code and obtaining management and workforce commitment (Westbury, Lulman); EMS and customer satisfaction (Finnegan); Verification and audit - Is the system working? (Police); Economic aspects of environmental management systems (Selann); environment, health and safety management within Petro-Canada - a continuous and evolutionary process (Stuart).

Abstract: This volume contains the presented papers from a workshop that examined various issues related to environmental management in businesses. Among other topics the authors consider the legal and economic aspects of environmental management, integrating environmental management systems into an existing management structure, communication as part of environmental management, sustainable development and environmental management, the development of corporate environmental codes, and the use of audits to verify environmental management system operations.

Canadian Labour Market and Productivity Centre. Environment protection and jobs in Canada : a discussion paper for business and labour = La protection de l'environnement et l'emploi au Canada : document de travail pour le patronat et les syndicats. Ottawa, ON: CLMPC, 1992. 129, 139 p

Contents:(Selected) : Annex 1. CCME's Statement on Inter-jurisdictional Co-operation for the Protection of the Environment: Principles and Objectives. Annex 2. ICC's Business Charter for Sustainable Development: Principles. Annex 3. Labour's Environmental Agenda: Proposals from the Director-General's Report to the ILO Conference. Annex 4. VNO-FNV Common Declaration on Management of the Environment in the Netherlands .

Canadian Labour Market and Productivity Centre. Greening productivity: adjusting to environmental change : final report of the task force on adjusting to environmental change. Ottawa, ON: CLMPC, 1996. 62 p.

Contents: Executive summary; I - Introduction: Background, Methodology, The sectors and workplaces chosen, Outline of the report; II - The importance of environment: Shifts in the environmental agenda, Business and the environment, Labour and the environment, Conclusion; III - Sector profiles and initiatives: Forestry and forest products, Mining, Chemicals, Lessons from the sectorial initiatives; IV - The workplace case studies in summary: Changing technologies and practices in the workplace, Training for human resources, Protection for affected workers, Changing product lines, Community relations; V - Conclusions and recommendations: Workplace issues, Sector issues, Community issues, Role of government; Endnotes

Abstract: This report examines the lessons from and makes recommendations on the activities by business and labour in addressing environmental pressures at the workplace and sector levels. The report is a synthesis of case studies done by the CLMPC in three sectors identified as facing significant environmental responsibilities: forestry and forest products; mining; and chemicals. The methodology used in this project has been to use case studies as the principal data source (detailed description of the case studies is available in a background document called Case Studies in Adjustment to Environmental Change). This is supplemented by sector profiles, the environmental pressures they face, as well as examples of international practice and models of adjustment to environmental concerns.

Cannon, Tom. Corporate responsibility : a textbook on business ethics, governance, environment : roles and responsibilities. London, UK: Pitman, 1994. 341 p.

Contents: 1 - Ethics and responsibilities: the emerging agenda; PART ONE - Business ethics: context, content and debate: 2 - An historical perspective , 3 - The role of business in society, 4 - Key issues in business ethics: innovation, people, technology and markets, 5 - Stewardship and finance, 6 - Dilemmas and debates in theory and practice; PART TWO: Governance and compliance: 7 - The nature and evolution of governance, 8 - Corporate governance: an international perspective, 9 - Standards, safety and security: issues and obligations; PART THREE - The environment: 10 - The slowly dawning green revolution, 11 - The natural environment: development compliance and activism, 12 - The built environment; PART FOUR - The economically and socially disadvantaged: 13 - Local inequalities, 14 - Fairness in the workplace: issues, opportunities, affirmative action and positive discrimination; PART FIVE - Issues and conclusions: 15 - The evolving agenda: issues, actions and conclusions .

Abstract: This book explores the responsibilities of industry and considers their evolution in the current economic, political and social climate from an international perspective. Focusing on the need for industry to be more accountable, it examines recent developments and highlights the practical implications and issues surrounding any responsive strategy. The author broadens the business ethics field and covers strategy, environmental management, legislation and the economic environment. Illustrated with a variety of national and international case studies, this text reviews the thinking on these topics and seeks to explore the ways in which they will develop.

Capra, Fritjof and Gunter Paul (eds.). Steering business toward sustainability. Llanham, MD: United Nations University Press, 1995. 191 p.

Contents: The challenge; NGOs as a driving force (Lutzenberger); Educating the executive and students (McDivitt); The learning process within corporations (Motomura); Assessing corporate environmental performance (Martins et al); Media, community and business (Utne); The role of government (Griefahn); Ecological tax reform (Daly); New concepts of fiduciary responsibility (Tasch and Viederman); Industrial clusters of the twenty first century (Pauli); Living machines (Todd and Todd); The next hundred years (Chouinard).

Abstract: Business activities are responsible, directly, for most human impacts on the earth's ecosystems, yet business is conducted with little thought of its sustainability. Sustainability, in its ecological and social components, poses business an inescapable challenge: without sustainability there will soon be no more profits. Hence business people have a strong self interest in minimizing the ecological damage of their operations. In this book, the authors outline new practical approaches that business and society must take to meet this challenge.

Carr, Thomas A., Heather L. Pedersen and Sunder Ramaswamy. "Rainforest entrepreneurs : cashing on conservation". Environment 35 (September : 1993):13-15, 33-38.

Abstract: Environmental groups are now targeting their efforts toward developing commercially viable and sustainable uses of the rain forest. Their strategy is to create economic incentives that encourage local inhabitants to practice efficient stewardship over the standing forests. These environmental entrepreneurs no longer view the market as their nemesis but as an instrument to bring about constructive social and environmental change.

Cassils, J. Anthony. The evolution of the corporation and other thoughts about organizing work for sustainable development. Ottawa, ON: The author, 1994. 16 p.

Abstract: This paper begins to explore some of the structures of work dominant in the private sector: the corporation and the cooperative. On the assumptions that dominant values shape structures at the time of their creation, and that structures shape people almost as much as people shape structures, it asks whether many prominent business institutions can adapt to the values of sustainable development. It concludes that they can, but they will need to go through a transformation. The paper suggests some attributes of work structures for sustainable development. Then, it assesses briefly the appropriateness of the structures of corporations and cooperatives relative to those attributes.

Certified General Accounts Association. "Focus on the environment : accounting for sustainable development ". CGA Magazine (October 1992): 30-43.

Chappell, Tom. Soul of a business : managing for profit and the common good. New York: Bantam Books, 1993. 223 p.

Chatterjee, Kalipada (ed.). Activities Implemented Jointly to mitigate climate change : developing countries perspective. New Delhi, India: Development Alternatives, 1997. 450 p.

Conference: Activities Implemented Jointly; AIJ Conference (1997: New Delhi)

Abstract: Proceedings of the AIJ Conference held in New Delhi, India, January 8-10, 1997 organized by Development Alternatives. This third international conference on joint implementation undertaken by the Joint Implementation Network (JIN) addressed the barriers to the execution of AIJ projects in developing countries. Conference participation was broad and included 160 participants from the developing regions of Asia-Pacific, Africa and Latin America as well as 46 from North America, Europe, Australia and Japan. Governments, NGOs, academia and international organizations were represented.

Few AIJ projects are officially recognized by the UNFCCC, yet AIJ has strong potential to bring together developing and developed countries to meet common needs and goals. However, as several presentations pointed out, the expectations of developing countries are very different from those of developed nations. Developing countries clearly expect AIJ to help meet national development priorities - poverty alleviation, meeting basic needs and economic development - which, in their view, must take priority over climate change benefits.

Presentations also highlighted the need for cost-effective implementation and private sector participation. They examined several JI/AIJ programmes and presented country studies from India, Chile, Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe. Several cases on AIJ projects in thermal energy, renewable energy, building, road and transportation, forests, agriculture and land use sectors were outlined. Many included feasibility aspects and design principles. The final section of the book includes papers on roles of the different participants in the AIJ regime - government, private sector and NGOs.

The proceedings competently capture the many and complex aspects and issues of AIJ projects and put forward the needs and expectations of developing countries. It builds on a desire for equitable partnerships between developing and developed countries so that the needs of each can be fairly met and identifies ways to accomplish this.

Christie, Ian, Heather Rolfe and Robin Legard. Cleaner production in industry : integrating business goals and environmental management. London, U.K.: Policy Studies Institute, 1995. 267 p.

Abstract: This book discusses a new approach to industrial production that emphasizes cleaner technologies and environmental management systems. Production systems focus on minimising wastes, reusing and recycling materials, environmentally friendly design and reductions in energy consumption. The authors use information obtained from interviews with a sample of 30 companies from the chemical and engineering sectors that make use of cleaner production systems. Interviews with suppliers of cleaner production technologies, consultants, business associations, and experts from research institutions provide additional information.

Clancy, Peter and Sandberg, L. Anders. "Crisis and opportunity: the political economy of the Stora Mill closure controversy in Nova Scotia". Business Strategy and the Environment 4 (1995) : 208-219.

Abstract: In 1993, the Swedish multinational Stora Kopparberg announced that its pulp and paper complex at Port Hawkesbury, Nova Scotia, was under review. The firm, which has operated on the site for more than 30 years, raised the possibility that the entire complex could be closed as a result of this review. The decision on the future of the plant has since been postponed, though not before precipitating a prolonged debate on appropriate public responses. The case is complicated by the 'orphan' character of the Nova Scotia subsidiary, operating on a small scale and at the periphery of a burgeoning business complex centred increasingly in Europe. Overall it raises important questions about the role of state policy interventions, at both the national and provincial levels in Canada, in shaping the firm's operating environment. The paper situates the Stora subsidiary in a local, national and international context, reviewing a range of factors which shape its strategic commitment to Nova Scotia. It also explores the political initiatives which have been mounted since 1993 to secure a renewed corporate commitment. By tracing the evolution of the Nova Scotia mill, and situating it within Stora's international business strategy, both the closure question and the political prospects for renewal can be more sharply understood.

Columbia University. Columbia Business School. "Consumer strategies for a better world : corporate environmentalism." In: Columbia journal of world business, 27 (3/4 : Fall/winter : 1992). New York: Columbia University, 1992. 291 p. (Reprinted, Fall 1993).

Contents: (Selected): UNCED, environmentalism and beyond (Cairncross), The business Notes: Focus issue. Includes index for v.27. logic of sustainable development (Schmidheiny), Business, science and environmental politics (Baden), Market innovation and the global environment (Chichilnisky), Capital markets and sustainable development (Rada and Trisoglio), Beyond the diplomatic curtain (Benedick), New corporate roles in global environmental treaty-making (Susskind), Environmental protection and the GATT (Gavin), Draft-horse, not dragon: observations on trade and the environment (Sills), The corporation as nongovernment organization (Fri), Japan's policy for sustainable development (Fukukawa), The shape of the EC and sustainable development (di Meana), The European Environmental Agency in the context of environmental policy (Bourdeau), The German packaging order (Micklitz), Environmental taxes and US competitiveness (Repetto), Implementing the Montreal Protocol to restore the ozone layer (Munasinghe and King), Environmental technology cooperation: a quid pro quo for transnational corporations and developing countries (Wescott), Sustainable development vs. global environment (Singer), The energy dimensions of sustainable development (Duncan), The environment and the need for new technology: empowerment and ethical values (Saemann), Environmentally friendly development: can the private sector succeed where others have failed (Marcil), Corporate environmental communications: lessons from investors (Mastrandonas and Strife), Achieving sustainable communication (Harrison), Marketing green products in the triad (Simon), The challenge of sustainable development: Kodak's response (Poduska, Forbes and Bober)

Conference Board of Canada. The challenge after Rio : business the key to a sustainable future : [proceedings of the conference, October 15, 1992, Toronto]. Toronto: The Conference Board, 1992. 1 v.(loose-leaf)

Contents: (Selected): Air transport and the environment (Jeanniot); Food is not a matter of choice (Zandstra); The industrial symbiosis in Kalundborg, Denmark (Christensen); Sustainable land use in the Tropics: the role of agroforestry (Scott); Environment and economy: the need for a seamless web (Grant); Sustainable development lessons from aquatic resource management (MacKay); Canada's Action Plan after UNCED (Landry)

Cornell Center for the Environment. Work and Environment Initiative. International Symposium on Work and the Environment proceedings. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, 1995. 184 p.

Abstract: This report contains a collection of transcribed workshop presentations including the discussion that followed. There were seven primary workshops that dealt with the environment, employment, and the economy; cooperative labor-management conservation efforts; total quality and environmental management; unions and the environment; building alliances among environmentalists, business, and unions; connecting environmental and occupational health and safety; and international sustainable development.

Cornell University. Work and Environment Initiative. New...connections : new...partnerships : work and the environment bibliography. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, 1994. 59 p.

Contents: Introduction; Accounting/auditing/measurement; Bibliography; Business; Communications; Construction; Economic development; Economics; Employment; Environmental management; Environmental policy; Green movement and issues; Industrial relations; International agencies; Marketing; Pollution prevention; Trade unions; Training; Voluntary work.

Abstract: This annotated bibliography is a review of English language printed material for managers, trade unionists, environmentalists, and public policy makers in industrialized and developing nations. The aim of the bibliography is to identify key publications on the interface between work and the environment, focussing primarily on the period after 1990.

Davis, John. Greening business : managing for sustainable development. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell, 1991. 215 p.

Abstract: Provides managers with 9 strategies with which to respond to a new path of discriminating sustainable development.

DeSimone, Livio and Frank Popoff. Eco-efficiency : the businesslink to sustainable development. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997. 280 p.

Contents: 1 - Eco-efficiency and sustainable development; 2 - Eco-efficiency and the bottom line; 3 - Defining and measuring eco-efficiency; 4 - Becoming eco-efficient; 5 - Partnership for eco-efficiency; 6 -Case studies; 7 - A leadership role for business

Abstract: The term "eco-efficiency" describes business activities that create economic value while reducing ecological impact and resource use. This book outlines the principles of eco-efficiency and presents case studies of their application from a number of international companies, including 3M and the Dow Chemical Company. It also also discusses the value of partnerships - with other companies, business associations, communities, regulators, and environmental and other nongovernmental groups. The authors argue that business must become more eco-efficient and that governments need to change the conditions under which business operates including tax and regulatory regimes, to make them more conducive to eco-efficiency.

Dierkes, Meinolf and Lee E. Preston. "Corporate social accounting reporting for the physical environment : a critical review and implementation proposal". Accounting, Organization and Society 2 (1 : 1977): 3-22.

Abstract: Protection of the physical environment and abatement of specific pollution problems are now generally recognized as major aspects of the corporation-society relationship. This paper views a number of attempts to develop formal corporate policy statements and accounting-reporting procedures dealing with these problems. A specific implementation proposal is presented and illustrated with data from several different field studies conducted by the authors.

Direct Marketing Association. The DMA environmental resource for direct marketers. (2^nded.) New York: DMA, 1997. 135 p.

Contents: 1 - The environment: A strategic issue and a practical issue; 2 - A commitment from corporate management: The "Double Bottom Line" perspective; 3 - An overview of the direct marketing process: Opportunities for practical environmental decisions; 4 - Mailing list management: A top priority for successful waste reduction; 5 - Direct mail design, printing & production: Plan at the start; 6 - Paper: A primary vehicle for marketing messages; 7 - Packaging and fulfilment: Environmental and waste management; 8 - Labeling and claims: The need for factual, clear communication; 9 - Marketing communications - "Green marketing" : Beyond boundaries of company and customer; 10 - Power in partnerships: Opportunities to participate in private and public initiatives; 11 - Managing the workplace responsibly: Source reduction & recycling

Abstract: This publication from the Direct Marketing Association provides information and strategies for helping direct marketers improve their environmental performance and at the same time benefit from the resulting marketing advantages.

Ditz, Daryl and Janet Ranganathan. Measuring up : toward a common framework for tracking corporate environmental performance. Baltimore, MD: World Resources Institute, 1997. 40 p.

Contents: 1 - Introduction; 2 - In search of common yardsticks; 3 - Integrating EPIs into business decisions; 4 - Integrating EPIs in decisions outside the company; 5 - Corporate EPIs - The way forward.

Abstract: This report discusses environmental performance measures and how they can be used by businesses to monitor their environmental management efforts. The authors suggest four main categories of indicators be used by businesses: materials use, energy consumption, nonproduct output, and pollutant releases. The results of a survey of environmental managers that highlights some commonly used EPIs is presented and their useful characteristics discussed. The use of EPIs within and outside companies are discussed. The report ends by recommending actions to lay the foundations of a new framework for measuring corporate environmental performance.

DRT International, International Institute for Sustainable Development, Business Council for Sustainable Development. Framework for corporate reporting on sustainable development : discussion paper. Toronto: Deloitte & Touche/DRT International, 1991. 65 p.

Contents: Introduction; A framework for corporate reporting; Stages in the evolution of corporate management and reporting; Concluding comments.

Abstract: The introductory section provides a brief review of some of the factors that are behind the realization that significant change is necessary and is underway. Then, the paper provides a brief discussion of the impact of these changes on business enterprises and develops a framework for corporate reporting that will respond to these pressures for change. The proposals call for each enterprise to assess its own situation and strategies, to develop an appropriate corporate culture to support the strategy adopted, to develop meaningful measures of performance and to issues credible stakeholder reports that track success.

Dzuray, Emil J. The emerging environmental market : a survey in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and the Slovak Republic. Budapest: Regional Center for Central and Eastern Europe, 1995. 56 p.

Contents: (Selected) Preface; Introduction; Regional overview: Current situation, Comparative analysis of the survey of environmental businesses, Summary and conclusions; Country reports: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovak Republic; Appendix A

Abstract: This report addresses environmental issues in the business sector with a focus on the status of the environmental market and the development of the local environmental business sector. The Visegrad countries, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, and Hungary, were chosen for the survey because they had the most developed environmental business sectors. The report provides an overview of the factors that affect the development of the green business sector in each country and it provides the results of a survey of almost 600 environmental companies operating in this market. For each country the political and economic situation is discussed. Environmental expenditures by government and the private sector and the public support of environmental initiatives are discussed. Regulatory and enforcement legislation, the actors in environmental protection and the status of the environmental business sector are also considered by the authors. Detailed survey results are provided.

Ecumenical Committee for Corporate Responsibility. Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility. Taskforce on the Churches and Corporate Responsibility. "Principles for global corporate responsibility : Bench marks for measuring business performance". The Corporate Examiner 24 (2-4 : Sept.1 : 1995) : 1-28.

Contents: Includes: The business charter for sustainable development, The CERES principles, GM Board guidelines on corporate governance issues, The code of best practice, International labor organization (ILO) standards from "Field guide to labor rights", The convention on the rights of the child, The Wood-Sheppard for race equality in employment, Convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women, Equal opportunity of employment for Women, The United Nations draft declaration gender equity, A code of practice for the employment of disabled people, ILO conventions from 1930 to 1973, " Advertising code " from the British codes of advertising and sales promotion

Einsmann, Harald. "The environment : an entrepreneurial approach." Long Range Planning 25(4 : 1992) : 22-27.

Elkington, John and Tom Burke. The green capitalists : how to make money - and protect the environment. London, UK: Victor Gollancz, 1991. 265 p.

Contents: Conflict: the green battlefront; If compromise: the corporate chameleon; Enterprise: the environmental entrepreneur (including Ten steps to environmental excellence); Outlook: into the twenty-first century.

Abstract: Argues that we can meet the environmental challenge by harnessing industry into improving their environmental performance.

Elkington, John, Peter P. Knight and Julia Hailes. The green business guide : how to take up - and profit from - the environmental challenge. London, UK: Victor Gollancz, 1991. 256 p.

Contents: Spotting the green opportunity. The Board. The law. Investor relations. Financial management. The environment portfolio. Marketing. Research and development. Project planning. Manufacturing. The workplace. Personnel. Corporate communications. The sustainability agenda

Elkington, John and Nick Robins. The corporate environment report : a necessary condition for the implementation of industry's voluntary codes of conduct on environment and sustainable development. London, UK: SustainAbility, 1993. 36 p.

Contents: Points for discussion; Introduction; Three targets: responsibility, accountability, sustainability; Core reporting elements; Key issues; Conclusions and recommendations

Abstract: This paper discusses some of the key issues facing corporations and industry associations as they begin to report publicly on their environmental performance. It proposes a core set of 25 elements which are essential for effective environmental corporate reporting. Appendix 1 lists corporate environmental reporting table for 70 international companies.

Elsen, Anne. Sustainable service design : what it is and where it is going : a survey. Amsterdam: United Nations Environment Programme. Working Group on Sustainable Product Development, 1997. 45 p.

Embree, Sid. Progress report on international business action on climate change. Geneva: World Business Council for Sustainable Development, 1996. 20 p.

Erlan, Keith, and Ludolf Plass. Trade and environment : a business perspective. Geneva, Switzerland: World Business Council for Sustainable Development , [1996]. 59 p.

Abstract: This publication sets out directions and opportunities that can lead to mutual support between environmental protection and improvement, to an open trading system and to sustainable development. Some of the topics that are discussed include: responsibility of business; giving voluntary measures preference; developing criteria to ensure compatibility between trade law and multilateral environmental agreements; developing country perspectives on environmental standards; the need to pursue multilateral approaches to trade and environment concerns; the development of new environmental management techniques must avoid trade distortions; the need for business to use the same criteria when making investment decisions at home and abroad and adopting ISO or equivalent environmental management standards, ecoefficiency, cleaner production or other related approaches.

Esty, Daniel C. International trade and the environment : opportunities for business and environmental cooperation. Washington, DC: National Wildlife Federation, 1995. 29 p.

Conference: Synergy '95 Conference (1995 : Geneva)

Contents: Introduction; Background; Trade and environmental bridges; Action Agenda

Abstract: This paper identifies several broad trends and recent policy disputes that seem to have put the goals of freer trade and improved environmental quality into conflict. In examining the reasons for this apparent conflict, the paper lays out how trade liberalization and environmental protection can and should be pursued together. It also notes that a "clash of cultures" between the trade/business world and the environmental community has made integration of these two goals more difficult.

Feltmate, Blair W. "Making sustainable development a corporate reality". CMA Magazine (March, 1997) : 9-6

Fiksel, Joseph (ed.). Design for environment : creating eco-efficient products and processes. New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill, 1996. 513 p.

Contents: Chapter 1 - Introduction (Fiksel); Part 1 - Answering the call - the green frontier: 2 - Motivating forces (Fiksel), 3 - Towards sustainable development (Fiksel), 4 - Corporate environmental responsibility (Fiksel); Part 2 - Seeing the forest - The art and science of DFE : 5 - Conceptual principles of DFE (Fiksel), 6 - Product and process development (Fiksel), 7 - Environmental performance metrics (Fiksel), 8 - Practical DFE guidelines (Fiksel), 9 - Methods for assessing and improving environmental performance (Fiksel), 10 - Integrated life-cycle management (Cohan); Part 3 - Walking the talk - Pioneer stories : 11 - The conceptual framework of DFE at AT & T (Allenby), 12 - Environmentally conscious products - An IBM initiative (Brinkley, Hill), 13 - Hewlett-Packard's life-cycle oriented product stewardship program (Bast, Korpalski), 14 - A life cycle assessment of a computer workstation (Pitts), 15 - DFE in semiconductor equipment design (Schoening), 16 - DFE at Pacific Gas & Electric (Melhus, Poncelet), 17 - Environmental management for the 1990s at ARCO (Dickerson), 18 - Caring for the environment at Baxter Healthcare (Fotis, Petrilli, Bartholomew), 19 - Coors' ten ways to prevent pollution by design (Woods), 20 - Environmental practise at WMX technologies (Haygood, Gershowitz), 21 - Building a sustainable future at Dow Chemical (Popoff), 22 - The U.S. EPAs DfE program (Boger, O'Brien); Part 4 - Charting the course - The road ahead: 23 - Organizational issues in DFE (Shelton), 24 - DFE - Corporate planning and compliance opportunities (Quevedo), 25 - Industrial ecology - A context for design and decision (Lowe), 26 - Design for environment in perspective (Henn), 27 - Conclusion (Fiksel).

Abstract: This book introduces the business practice called Design for Environment which enables industrial organizations to increase their profitability and benefit the global environment as well. The guide shows how Design for Environment can provide a highly effective, life-cycle approach to new product and process development that takes into account the environment, human health, and safety. This approach considers "cradle to grave" costs and benefits associated with the material acquisition, manufacture, use, disposal, and recovery of products. Various methods and techniques are provided to assist in the design process, these include metrics and guidelines as well as methods for assessing and improving environmental performance. Case studies from AT&T, IBM, Hewlett-Packard, Pacific Gas & Electric, ARCO, Baxter Healthcare, Coors, Dow Chemical, and other companies are included.

Flaherty, Margaret, Ann Rappaport, and Maureen Hart. Multinational corporations and the environment : a survey of global practices.. Medford, MA: Tufts University. Center for Environmental Management, 1991. 16 p.

Fletcher, Karen. Striving for excellence : communicating environmental quality in the hotel industry. London: Prince of Wales Business Leaders Forum, 64 p.

Contents: Acknowledgements; About this booklet; Quality, environment and communication; Case studies: The Saunders Hotel Group, Botely Park Hotel and Country Club, Inter-Continental Hotels Group, Grecotel S.A., Canadian Pacific Hotels & Resorts, Steigenberger Hotels AG; Summary; Resources; Sample policies: Botley Park Hotel, Grecotel, Inter-continental Hotels, Marriott, 3M, Boots, British Petroleum,

National Westminster Bank, Procter & Gamble.

Abstract: This publication is targeted at hotel general managers and senior corporate management who are in a position to influence the success of environmental programmes. It is intended to facilitate discussion within hotels towards developing better environmental communication both internally and externally. Case studies provide illustrations of environmental communications within a wide range of hotels.

Frankel, Carl. In Earth's company : business, environment, and the challenge of sustainability. Gabriola Island, B.C.: New Society, 1998. 223 p.

Contents: Introduction: A story about stories; Part 1: The elephants in the living room; 1. Progress imperfect; 2. Sustainable development and the new humanism; Part 2: Where we've been, where we're headed; 3. A short history of corporate environmentalism; 4. By the numbers; 5. Communications and community; 6. Into the fourth era; Part 3: The challenge of change; 7. Mixed messages; 8. Across the great divide; 9. Whitecaps, green consumers, and the infrastructure-building blues; 11. From here to sustainability; Endnotes; Resource guide: business and sustainable development.

Abstract: Shows how the business world can take their share of responsibility for sustainability and what changes in corporate strategy and policy are necessary.

Frosch, Robert A. "Industrial ecology : adapting technology for a sustainable world". Environment (December 1995):16-28.

Fussler, Claude and Peter James. Driving eco-innovation : a breakthrough discipline for innovation and sustainability. London, UK: Pitman, 1996. 346 p.

Contents: Part 1 - Lose or Win? : The business challenge of sustainable development; 1. The need for "super innovation" and the key role of eco-innovation; 2. Thinking about the future; 3. The three key drivers - I: Demographics; 4. The three key drivers - II: Environmental stress; 5. The three key drivers - III: Value creation; 6. Sustainability scenarios and their implications; Part 2 - Change to win; 7. Will there be growth? 8. What kind of markets? 9. Will there be profits? 10. The business precautionary principle; Part 3 - How to change? 11. Innovation for sustainability; 12. Cleaner production goes global; 13. The challenge of eco-efficiency; 14. Current tools for change and their limitations; Part 4 - The eco-compass; 15. Using the eco-compass; 16. Material intensity; 17. Energy; 18. Health and environmental risk; 19. Revalorization; 20. Resource conservation; 21. Service extension; Part 5 - Using the eco-compass; 22. Driving eco-innovation; Part 6 - At the greed edge? 23. Sustainable business development; 24. Simple "sustainability rules".

Abstract: Takes a broad look at the issues and trends that are shaping the markets for eco-efficient products and processes.

Gabel, H. Landis (et al). "Life-cycle analysis and policy options: the case of the European pulp and paper industry". Business strategy and the environment 5 (1996): 156-67.

Gale, Fred and Michael M'Gonigle. "Corporate responsibility: yet another oxymoron?" Policy Options 17 (December : 1996) : 28-31.

Gallon, Gary. Voluntary environmental measures : the Canadian experience. Montreal: Canadian Institute for Business & the Environment, 1997. 14 p.

Ganzi, John T. and Julie Tanner. Global survey on environmental policies and practices of the financial services industry: The private sector. Washington, D.C.: Environment & Finance Enterprise, 1997. 13 p.

Gentry, Bradford S. and Lisa O. Fernandez. Valuing the environment : how Fortune 500 CFOs and analysts measure corporate performance. New York: United Nations Development Programme, Office of Development Studies, n. d.. 25 p.

Gillies, A.M. Eco-nomic prosperity in the 21^st Century : the win-win benefits of managing our economy in harmony with the environment. Winnipeg, MB: International Institute for Sustainable Development, 1993. 8 p.

Contents: I - The prosperity of nations; II - Renewable resources, renewable wealth; III - Friendly energy; IV - Clean and competitive manufacturing; V - Creating zero-waste economies; VI - Industries of the future; VII - The true wealth of nations.

Abstract: This paper argues that to ensure economic prosperity for future generations the environmental impacts of human activities must be reduced through the discard and modification of present products and technologies. Changes are required in six key areas: renewable resources, cleaner energy, cleaner manufacturing, creation of a zero-waste economy, developing an information and service based economy and developing new measures of prosperity.

Global Environmental Management Initiative. Corporate quality/environmental management 11. Washington, DC: GEMI, 1992. 268 p.

Conference: Measurements & Communication Conference (1992 : Arlington, VA)

Contents: (Selected) IEB's role in the implementation of the Charter and business role in the Earth Summit, by Jan-Olaf Willums. Cultural change, by Sharon A. DeLorey. Changing corporate culture, by Kay Breeden. Reaching for customer satisfaction through environmental programs, by Erin Craig. Getting started with quality function deployment: an annotated resource guide, by Catherine Mellina. Root cause analysis, by Eric A. Ikenberry. Measuring safety and environmental performance and risk, by Ray Ankers. Factors in decisions of criminal prosecutions for environmental violations in the context of significant voluntary compliance or disclosure efforts by the violator, by Roger Clegg. Product stewardship: filling the gap, by William B. Beck. Product life cycle analysis-PET: Virgin vs. Recycle Energy Consumption, by David D. Cornell. How to talk to stakeholder groups: lecture and demonstration, by Andrew W. Savitz. Managing superfund liability through community relations, by Jocelyn White.

Global Environmental Management Initiative. Environmental reporting in a total quality management framework : a primer. Washington, D.C.: GEMI, 1994. 40 p.

Contents: Preface; Introduction; TQEM : a roadmap to effective measurement and reporting; External reporting; Conclusion; Appendix One : The ICC business charter for sustainable development - principles for

environmental management; Appendix two : the effect of design choices on production costs.

Abstract: This primer outlines the basic total quality environmental management (TQEM) framework many companies rely on for effective and efficient internal environmental reporting. In addition, it examines the external environmental reporting process as a logical extension of the internal reporting program. A directory of additional resources is included.

Global Environmental Management Initiative. GEMI'95 conference proceedings : environment and sustainable development : making it happen. Washington, D.C.: GEMI, 1995. 324 p.

Contents: PLENARY, RECEPTION, AND CEO SESSIONS : America's challenge - business and the environment (Noonan), Three years after Rio - an outlook on sustainable development (Shabecoff), The new generation of environmental protection (Browner), The 104^th Congress - Issues before the labor and human resources committee (Kassebaum), The view from the forest (Correll), Global challenges and electric solutions - using technology for development (Dahlberg), Environmental management system integration - the road to sustainable development (Ruckelshaus); ECONOMIC SESSIONS : Competitive advantage through environmental excellence (Fiksel), 3M's methods for measuring actual results (Zosel), Environmental management and competitive strategy in the information technology industry (Meima), Improving environmental performance (Newton), The economy, jobs, and the environment (Bezdek),The pernicious theory of win/win environmentalism (Smith), Sustainable development - beyond the buzzword to measurement (Fenn), Communicating with the public - risk management and worst case scenarios, the Kanawha Valley experience (Knowles), A comprehensive examination of corporate environmental reports (Lober); Full cost accounting - The GEMI cost primer (Fisher), Free trade and the environmental power of the market (Rodriguez), NAFTA and the environment - a status report (Shorr); Energy sessions: soft footprints - the pathway to sustainable development (Abbott), Energy and the environment : natural gas and sustainable development (Abbott), For the 21^st Century - electric and hydrogen vehicles (Mackenzie), Businesses for an environmentally sustainable tomorrow (Nichols), National industrial competitiveness, the three E's, and Coors - UV-curble coatings for aluminium can production (Donhowe), Energy efficiency applications at Monroe Auto (Crawford); HEALTH & SAFETY SESSIONS : Health and safety compliance - an environmental protection agency viewpoint (Herman), A new strategy for environmental leadership and compliance (Bravo), Protecting voluntary safety and health audits from compelled disclosure (Dreux, White), Management of health, safety and environment training (Esler), Training and certification of site environmental leaders (Fisher), Integrating environmental, health and safety initiatives - BFI's evolution (Jordan, Hayworth), AMOCO's computer-based environmental training (Thomas), Environmental emergency response plans - a single plan approach (Muzyka); PARTNERSHIPS SESSIONS : Environmental partnerships - the keys to success (Harvey), Voluntary pollution prevention in Texas - Clean industries 2000 (Borowski), EPA's wastewise partnership helps business cut waste and costs (Wynn), The pesticide environmental stewardship program (Smith), Introducing the President's Council on Sustainable Development (Woodhouse, Wise), EPA's Brownfields action agenda (Weiss), Partners in resource education and the NEETF - making cooperation work (Rockland), The National Institute for the

Environment - a proposal (Saundry); PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT SESSIONS : Product take-backs and recycling - cameras for one time use (Alexander), European product take-backs and recycling (Iserief), The environmentally friendly factory (McManus), Design for a sustainable future (Maxman), Building green : an update (Greenwood), Reverse logistic, recycling, and product life cycles (Sarkis), AT&T implements design for the environment (Dambach), Desing for the environment - exceeding customer needs for competitive advantage (Lucacher), Market stimulation and positive environmental change - certified environmental claims (Rhodes, Brown), Product innovation at the AVEDA Corporation (Gips), Enviropride - Colgate-Palmolive's product innovation (Taylor).

Abstract: These conference proceedings discuss environmental management in businesses from a variety of perspectives. Plenary speeches and session presentations from business leaders, political leaders, nongovernmental organizations, academe, and government are included. Sessions were divided into four areas: economics, energy, health and safety, partnerships, and product development.

Globe Foundation of Canada. The business and environment CD-ROM. Vancouver, B.C.: Mullins Media Limited, 1995. 1 CD-ROM

Conference: Globe 94 [ninety-four] Conference (1994 : Vancouver)

Contents: Proceeding of the conference and information on exhibitors at the trade fair. Globe Foundation of Canada.

Globe Foundation of Canada. Globe Resource Centre (GRC) on business and the environment. Vancouver, B.C.: Globe Foundation, 1996. 1 diskette + manual

Abstract: Connects the user to sites on the Internet in the following major topic areas: International policy and regulation, National policy and regulation; Corporate environment strategy (by sector), Corporate Environmental Strategy (by subject), Environmental technology and services, Non-governmental organizations, Business and environment periodicals.

Goodland, Robert. Environmental priorities for commercial banks. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Environment Department, 1992. 35 p.

Notes: "Banking and the Environment" Seminar, Schweiqerhof, Zuricch, Switzerland. Literature cited: p.30-35

Gray, R.H. Accounting for the Environment. London: Paul Chapman Publishing, 1993. 368 p

Abstract: This book is a sequel to The Greening of Accountancy. It seeks to answer the question "What can/should accountants do in response to the developing environmental agenda?" and lays out the best accounting practice with regard to the environment world-wide and provides ideas for experimentation and future development.

Gray, Rob H. and Jan Bebbington. Sustainable development and accounting : incentives and disincentives for the adoption of sustainability by transnational corporations. Dundee, Scotland: The Centre for Social and Environmental Accounting Research, 1994. 62 p.

Abstract: This book reviews some of the problems confronting the application of the concept of sustainability to the operations of businesses. The authors focus on the role that accounting has played in the pursuit of sustainability. A questionnaire was used to determine the views and actions of companies regarding their understanding of the concept of sustainability and the practices that they felt may help achieve sustainability in their organization. Several companies were chosen as case studies for a more detailed examination of their activities in relation to achieving sustainable development.

"Greener Management International". The Journal of Corporate Environmental Strategy and Practice, (Issue 13, January 1996). Sheffield, UK: Interleaf Productions, 1996. 128 p.

Contents: (Selected) UK Business and environmental strategy : A survey and analysis of East Midland firms' approaches to environmental audit (Elliot, Patton, Lenaghan); Environmental positioning for the future: A review of 36 leading companies in the Pacific Northwest Region of the United States of America (Scallon, Sten); Working in environment: Skills, expertise and new opportunities; Managerial eco-control in manufacturing and process industries (Schaltegger, Sturm); Technological innovations as answers to environmental problems: The role of networks and alliances within the Dutch and UK paint industry; The real world : Consulting the stakeholder: A new approach to environmental reporting for IBM (UK) Ltd.

Abstract: This volume contains articles on the theme of corporate decision procedures around environmental issues.

Greer, Jed and Kenny Bruno. Greenwash : the reality behind corporate environmentalism. Croton-on-Hudson, NY: Apex Press, 1996. 258 p.

Contents: Greenwash snapshots: 1 - Royal Dutch/Shell Group, 2 - Mobil Corporation, 3 - Dow Chemical Company, 4 - DuPont De Nemours & Company, 5 - Solvay & CIE S.A., 6 - Imperial Chemical Industries PLC & Zeneca Group PLC, 7 - Rhone-Poulenc S.A., 8 - Norsk Hydro a.s., 9 - Sandox Ltd, 10 - Monsanto Corporation, 11 - Ciba Ltd, 12 - General Motors Corporation, 13 - Aluminum Company of America, 14 - Mitsubishi Group, 15 - Aracruz Celulose S.A., 16 - International Paper Company, 17 - Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, 18 - Westinghouse Electric Corporation, 19 - H.J. Heinz Company/Starkist,, 20 - Browning-Ferris Industries, Inc; Responding to greenwash Abstract: This book describes the efforts of 20 different Trans-National Corporations (TNCs) to improve their image as creators of environmental damage by involving themselves in efforts to improve the environment and reduce poverty. The authors examine how TNCs selectively choose to improve their practices while overall their operations and practices continue to negatively impact the environment. Various suggestions are provided to assist the public

in pressuring the TNC's to improve their practices.

Groenewegan, Peter et al. (eds.). The greening of industry resource guide and bibliography. The Greening of Industry network series. Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1996. 260 p.

Contents Introduction (Grownewegen, Fischer, Jenkins, Schot); Chapter 1 - Strategic choices and sustainable strategies (Hall, Roome); Chapter 2 - Organization and human resource management for environmental management; Chapter 3 - Strategic cooperation and life cycle analysis (Hass, Groenewegen); Chapter 4 - Industry relationships with communities: Business as usual? (Chess, Lynn); Chapter 5 - Environmental performance measurement (James, Wehrmeyer); Chapter 6 - The greening of corporate accounting (Gijtenbeek, Piet, White); Chapter 7 - Clean Technologies (Green, Irwin); Chapter 8 - Transnational companies and industrial pollution in the South: An overview (Hesselberg); Chapter 9 - Greening of small and medium-sized firms: Government, industry and NGO initiatives (Geiser, Crul)

Abstract: This book presents analysis and commentary on critical issues related to the 'greening of industry'. It covers specific economic, social, and technical issues, including compliance, environmental performance assessment, cleaner production, strategic cooperation and product life cycle analysis and management, accounting and reporting practices and systems, organizational learning and personal development, and greening leadership for developing countries.

Guimaraes, Tor and Kevin Liska. "Exploring the business benefits of environmental stewardship". Business Strategy and the Environment 4 (1995): 9-22.

Hai, Teoh Cheng and Martin Abraham (eds.). Towards corporate environmental excellence : the role of business in sustainable development with reflections of the future - a photoessay by Mark Edwards. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Global 500 Forum, 1996. 147 p.

Contents: (Selected) Glimpses of the past, present and future; Sustainable development in practice (Chase); Involving environmental stakeholders (Riisgaard); Environmental accounting, reporting and benchmarking (Elkington); Working with international institutions and instruments (Bell); Environmental management for companies and countries (Winter); Targeting zero waste in oil palm (Basiron, Darus); Networking for sustainability: the hotel industry (Tuxworth-Twist); Environmental responsibility through industrial symbiosis (Oleson); From desert to oasis: rehabilitation in Kenya (Haller); What youth expect from industry (Mosley, Watkins, Carroll); Agenda for action - the way forward (Holdgate); reflections on the future: Introduction, Mining - Alcoa of Australia, Plantations - Golden Hope Plantations Bhd., Food Industries - Nestle (Malaysia) Bhd., Chemical industries - Tioxide (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd., Manufacturing - Baxter Healthcare S.A., Service Industries - Kuala Lumpur Hilton International, SMIs - Power Electrobrite Plating Centre Sdn. Bhd.; Appendices: Appendix I - Agenda 21 - Chapter 30: Strengthening the role of business and industry, Appendix II - The ICC business charter for sustainable development, Appendix III - The ASEAN-CCI business principles on sustainable development.

Abstract: This book looks at a number companies that have been brought together as winners of the Global 500 Award at the 1^st Global 500 Forum International Conference held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, from 17-20 October, 1995. Company strategies and practices that are working towards sustainable development are discussed by the authors.

Harmony Foundation of Canada. Green Works : improving environmental practices in the workplace : building on success . Ottawa: Harmony Foundation of Canada, 1994. ca. 60 p.

Contents: The Sherbrooke story; The Regina story: Saskatchewan Environment and Public Safety; The Winnipeg story : Recycling Council of Manitoba; Green Works for small business case studies; Green check: checklists designed for the small business.

Hawken, Paul. "Capitalism : We can create new jobs, restore our environment, and promote social stability : The solutions are creative, practical and profitable". Mother Jones (March-April, 1997) : 40-62.

Hawken, Paul. The ecology of commerce : a declaration of sustainability. New York: HarperCollins, 1993. 250 p.

Contents: A teasing irony; The death of birth; The creation of waste; Parking lots and potato heads; Pigou's solution; The size thing; Private lives and corporate rights; The Jesse Helms Citizenship Center; The opportunity of insignificance; Restoring the guardian; Pink salmon and green fees; The inestimable gift of a future.

Abstract: Argues that every commercial act in today's industrial society degrades the environment, and what is needed is a business system where the opposite is true, where the everyday acts of work and production accumulate in a better world as a matter of course. Outlines a series of economic strategies and innovations.

Hay, Douglas Ruthven. Sustainable development : a marketing strategy for informing business leaders. Thesis.

Contents: (Selected) 1 - Introduction; 2 - Methodology; 3 - Sustainable development; 4 - Target market; 5 - Business strategy; 6 - Analysis; 7 - Implications of research and recommendations; 8 - Conclusion

Abstract: This study examines the level of understanding that chief executive officers (CEOs) of fossil-fuel related industries have about the concept of sustainable development. The research revealed their understanding of sustainable development concepts was low or nonexistent. It also identified that CEOs had a value system which recognized the natural environment and social responsibilities of business. A high level of mistrust of government environmental policy makers was also established. Recommendations for a strategy to market the concept of sustainable development were developed based on the findings.

Hibler, Michelle and Rowena Beamish (eds). Canadian Development Report 1998. Ottawa, Ontario: North-South Institute, 1998

Contents: 1998: Canadian Corporations and Social Responsibility; 1 - The corporate stake in social responsibility (Culpeper, Whiteman); 2 - Making economies serve people: the financial sector (Walker, Sousa-Shields); 3 - Ethics in the marketplace: the manufacturing sector (Weston); 4 - Beyond best practice: the mining sector ( Hutchinson); 5 - Pursuing sustainable development: infrastructure and engineering (Whiteman, Brandum); 6 - The business of development? Management consulting (Benmergui); 7 - Selling Canadian values: encouraging private sector activity in the South (Paterson).

Higgins, James. The financing of small environmental companies. Toronto: Environmental Technologies Development Corporation, 1993. 22 p.

Conference: Environment Technologies Opportunities Conference (1992 : Toronto)

Contents: Appendix includes Environmental Technologies International (ETI) information

Himmelberger, Jeffrey James and Halina Szejnwald Brown. "Global corporate environmentalism : theoretical expectations and empirical experience". Business Strategy and the Environment 4 (1995) : 192 - 199.

Abstract: Since the mid-1980s the concept of corporate environmentalism has taken hold among global stakeholders, promising improved environmental health and safety (EH&S) performance at multinational (MNC) facilities in less developed countries. In this article we examine corporate environmentalism through two lenses: (1) our own empirical case studies of three Third World subsidiaries of USA-based multinationals; (2) evolving theories on EH&S performance at MNC subsidiaries in less developed countries. We suggest that over the past decade there has been a convergence of three theoretical perspectives - neoclassical, radical, and ecological - toward consistent predictions of improved EH&S performances and relations with host country governments. However, important differences among the three perspectives remain in how each interprets improved EH&S performance in the context of long-term benefits to corporations, host countries, workers, local publics and the global community. While we find that the neoclassical economic perspective is most consistent with the empirical findings of our three case studies, we also note some debatable neoclassical assumptions concerning whether all stakeholders benefit mutually from superior EH&S performance. In order to gain wide acceptance beyond the corporate sector, the concept of corporate environmentalism must be expanded to include greater labor participation and accounting for ecological interests.

Holm, Jesper and Inger Stauning. "Challenges for environmental policy : learning from front-runners". European Environment 5 (1995) : 112 - 118.

Abstract: Through case study analysis of best practice in environmental management, the prerequisites for innovation in the research, development and diffusion of clean technology and in the application of environmental management systems is highlighted. The implications of the case studies are drawn out, not only for the strategies of the companies themselves, but also for the networks of trading partners, competitors, economic development agencies and regulators that surround them. It is suggested that front-runners in environmental management are often involved in co-forming future standards. On the basis of the case study findings, recommendations for policy at a number of levels are put forward.

Hukkinen, Janne. "Green virus : exploring the environmental product concept". Business Strategy and the Environment. 4 (1995):135-144.

Abstract: Using the concept of industrial ecology as a starting point, three key areas of green product innovation are identified: competitors, regulators and customers.

Hutchinson, Colin. "Corporate strategy and the environment ". Long Range Planning, 25(4) : 9-21.

Implementing forest ecosystem management : an industrial perspective : conference proceedings. Prince George, BC : May 29-31, 1995. 77 p.

Conference: Implementing Forest Ecosystem Management : An Industrial Perspective (Prince George, BC : 1995)

Contents: Designing with nature and sustainable management (Methven); Incorporating biodiversity concerns into ecosystem management (Boutin); Landscape management concepts and applications (Hansen); Fire Ecology - It's implications for ecosystem management (Agee); Collective wisdom in land management (Merkel); A decision support system for ecosystem management (Bonar); Implementing ecosystem management at the stand level (Stuart-Smith); Stand level implementation of ecosystem management (Lee); Forest ecosystems: Does economics have anything to contribute? (VanKooten); Building an ecological knowledge base for forest ecosystem management in Quebec's southern boreal forest (Harvey); Managing the spatial and temporal distribution of habitats across landscapes to maintain biodiversity (Klenner) Abstract: The proceedings of this conference discuss the implementation of forest ecosystem management. Some of the topics discussed include the development of decision support systems, fire ecology, biodiversity, building ecological knowledge, and the application of economics to the valuation of forest ecosystems.

Institute of Business Ethics. Benefiting business & the environment : case studies of cost savings and new opportunities from environmental initiatives. London, UK: The Institute of Business Ethics , 1994. 90 p.

Contents: (Selected) Introduction; Executive summary; Why not take environmental initiatives?; Companies featured; Case studies: 1 - Using less energy, 2 - Using less water and reducing pollution, 3 - Waste reduction, 4 - Re-use and recycling, 5 - Packaging, 6 - Reducing the impact of transport, 7 - New business opportunities and improved competitiveness, 8 - Looking at the supplier chain; Appendix 1 - Company summary information Abstract: This publication outlines through a series of case studies how businesses can reduce their impact on the environment while reducing costs. Environmental management issues such as waste management, recycling, reduced use of resources, pollution prevention and energy efficiency are discussed. Benefits to business operations in terms of new business opportunities and increased competitiveness are discussed.

International Business Communications. IBC executive briefing on: sustainable development: tools for a competitive edge. (1996 : New York) various pagings.

Contents: (Selected) The business of sustainable development (Weston); United Nations environmental programs initiative (Fox-Przeworski); The global energy grid: a compelling global strategy (Meisen); Sustainable development and NAFTA: potential for partnerships (Mangan); Westcoast Energy's sustainable development initiative (Falls); Management of materials and energy at General Motors (Williams); An approach to apply sustainable development to an organizations decision-making (Fava); Life cycle design for "Greener" vehicles (Sullivan); The forgotten dimensions of sustainable development (Rejeski); Responsible care: an ethic of environmental stewardship (Belanger); Recent trends in corporate reporting (Barg); Enhancing global competitiveness through strategic environmental management (Warren); Full cost accounting (Link); By-product reuse as a financial advantage (Eklund); Financial impacts of new environmental technologies (Ayen)

Abstract: Collection of materials submitted by speakers that complement their presentations.

International Chamber of Commerce. The business charter for sustainable development: principles for environmental management. Paris: ICC, 1991. 2 p.

Contents: Adopted by the 64^th Session of the ICC Executive Board on 27 Nov 1990.

International Herald Tribune. Eco-efficiency : Business and the environment.

Contents: Business leaders respond to Rio with self-regulation; UN session to review Rio; State of the Art : Reporting on the environment; To be responsible, take initiative; World trade is a Win-Win proposition; Saving nature while earning money; Eco-efficiency : Doing more with less; Sustainable marketing; There's no magic bullet; The balance sheet; Joint implementation promotes cooperation on world climate.

Abstract: This WWW site provides a variety of articles focussing on the topic of eco-efficiency in the activities of business and industry. This site is sponsored by various businesses.

http://www.int.com/IHT/SUP/062397/index.html

International Institute for Environment and Development. A changing future for paper. Geneva, Switzerland: World Business Council for Sustainable Development , 32 p. [1996]

Abstract: The International Institute for Environment and Development prepared a study of the sustainability of the pulp and paper industry for the WBCSD. This is a summary of the main environmental and social concerns in the paper cycle and the key conclusions of the main study on these topics.

International Institute for Sustainable Development. EarthEnterprise tool kit : markets, technology, financing, new business practices. Winnipeg : IISD, 1994. 172p.

Abstract: Toolkit designed to help companies build new kinds of businesses which can be successful because they meet today's growing demand for products and services that enhance sustainability.

International Institute for Sustainable Development. Global green standards : ISO 14000 [fourteen thousand] and sustainable development. Winnipeg: IISD , 1996. 100 p.

Contents: (Selected) Chapter 1 - Introduction; Chapter 2 - Voluntary standards in context; Chapter 3 - ISO 14000 and global trends; Chapter 4 - TC 207 and ISO 14000; Chapter 5 - Environmental management systems and environmental auditing; Chapter 6 - Environmental labeling; Chapter 7 - Life cycle assessment; Chapter 8 - Environmental performance evaluation; Chapter 9 - The challenge ahead: voluntary standards and sustainability Abstract: Global Green Standards is an informative guide for business on ISO 14000 standards. This report highlights what stakeholders interested in sustainable development should understand about the ISO 14000 standards. It also explains to industry what ISO standards can and cannot do for their organizations. Global Green Standards relates the relevance of ISO 14000 standards to the World Trade Organization and the implications for new international trade rules. In addition, it explores the opportunity for developing countries to embrace the ISO 14000 series.

International Institute for Sustainable Development, Deloitte & Touche. Business strategy for sustainable development :leadership and accountability for the '90s : a joint project. Winnipeg: IISD, 1992. 115 p.

International Institute for Sustainable Development, Deloitte & Touche (Sweden). Judges manual : 1995 [nineteen ninety-five] environmental reporting contest for Sweden. Winnipeg: IISD, 1995. 28 p.

Abstract: Provides background and methodology to use in judging environmental reports

prepared by companies in Sweden

Irwin, Alan and Paul D. Hooper. "Clean technology, successful innovation and the greening of industry : a case - study analysis." Business Strategy and the Environment, v1 pt2, (Summer 1992 ): 1-11.

ISO 14000. (s.l.) China Center for Environmental Management System, 1996. 3 v.

Notes: Mandarin Chinese and English text.

Conference: International Conference on ISO 14000 - Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (1 : 1996 : Beijing)

Contents: Deploying I0SO 14000 standards series and promoting the implementation of the sustainable development strategy (Qiu); EMS - An efficient tool or just public relations? (Saegesser); Actively promoting EMS standards to realize the general objective of Shanghai's environmental protection (Ping); The relationship between ISO 14000 and China's current environmental management systems (Xiang); ISO 14000 as an opportunity for cooperation between business and governments (Moons); An assessment of ISO 14000's impact on China's enterprises and response of China's industries (Yanan); Japanese industry's experience on environmental management system (Yoshida); ISO 14000: implications for corporate environmental performance (Barg); Promoting ISO 14000 standard series and enhancing environmental protection in enterprises (Sheng); From environmental management to sustainable development (Ermen); What is the future for eco-auditing: choices, challenges and constraints (Hecq); Implementation of ISO 14000 - Experience in Singapore & Asia (Mason); ISO 14000 (EMS) pilot programmes in Hong Kong (Copperll); ISO 14000 deployment in AT & T China (Ren); ISO 14000 Environmental management system in Japan (Yano); Strategic options for environmental management system (Yang); Northern Telecom (Nortel) ISO 14001 - maximising the benefit (Swain); Plenary speech : ISO 14000 and cleaner production (Ning); Dissemination of ISO 14001 in Japanese industry (Terada); ISO 14000 right for my company (Condon); International standardization, environment and the multilateral trading system (Vaughan); ISO 14000 and its impact on international trade and implications for China (Yonghai); ISO 14000 and green trade barrier (Fengzhong); ISO 14000 Standards and China: the trade and sustainable development (Conway); ISO 14000 Cleaner production and the development of China's international trade (Fu, Xing); The Nestle environmental management system compatible with ISO 14000 (Bois); New environmental management standards to meet economic development - ISO 14000 (Lao); Implementation of China's environmental management policies: objectives, realities and an opportunity for cooperative capability development (Anwar); Impacts of environmental legislation and environmental management system on industries'

environmental protection behaviors (Shuqin)

Abstract: Conference discusses ISO 14000, environmental management, and sustainable development in the context of China's economy.

James, Peter. "Business environmental performance measurement". Business Strategy and the Environment, (Summer 1994): 59-67.

Johnstone, Nick. The structural characteristics of the pulp and paper sector : economic and environmental implications. Towards a sustainable paper cycle sub-study series no.18. London, UK: IIED, 1996. 40 p.

Contents: Introduction; The supply side: technological and institutional characteristics of the sector; The demand side: product and process characteristics; The supply-demand balance and the cyclical trends in the sector; The environmental significance and the structural characteristics of the sector and the structural significance of environmental regulations; Conclusions: policy implications.

Kaufman, Howard J. Responsible industrial procurement : remarks... to the EarthEnterprise Forum... Toronto, ON: Xerox Canada, 1995. 12 p.

Conference: Environment and Energy Conference of Ontario (1995 : Toronto Ontario)

Abstract: The author describes the activities of Xerox Canada in implementing environmentally responsible procurement. This includes a discussion of ISO 9002 certification, the expectations towards suppliers, the

Environmental Choice Program, the Governments Incorporating Procurement Policies to Eliminate Refuse (GIPPER) Guide to Environmental Purchasing, the CSA voluntary guidelines for environmentally responsible procurement (Z766), and ISO 14000.

Ketola, Tarja. "Where is our common future? Directions: 'Second to the right and straight on till morning'". Sustainable Development 4 (1996) : 84-97.

Abstract: Business enterprises have adopted the concept of sustainable development, but exploit it merely to their own short-term financial benefit. Their environmental values, visions and policies have not developed in accordance with the revelations made about the degradation of ecosystems. For any future to exists for humankind, a more advanced approach to sustainable development is needed. The environmental values and visions of two companies are studied in the context of their business environments, general strategic management capabilities and environmental policies. A set of hypothetical vertical paths between these factors is empirically tested at the corporate, divisional and operating unit levels of Shell and Texaco. It is argued that companies need to move two steps further in their environmental values, visions and policies to be able to contribute to the survival of our common future.

Kiernan, Matthew J. "The colour of money : the greening of corporate finance". Environment Risk (March 1993): 34-36.

Abstract: International companies are currently experiencing the early stages of an industrial restructuring that will have far-reaching implications. At its heart is an enormous, world-wide increase in the relevance of environmental performance to overall corporate competitiveness and even survival. Increasingly, competitive advantage will be determined by a company's ability to deliver products, services, and technologies in an environmentally sustainable way.

Kinlaw, Dennis C. Competitive and green : sustainable performance in the environmental age. Amsterdam: Pfeiffer, 1993. 341 p.

Contents: (Appendices): International environmental business codes (CERES, ICC); Resources for sustainable performance (International, United States); Environmental laws (United States, International); Journals and magazines; Environmental audit checklists; The sustainable performance assessment (SPA); Company organization checklist.

Abstract: Guidelines for managing green through sustainable performance.

Krut, Riva. Sustainable Industrial Development : a benchmark evaluation of public environmental policies and reporting in the electronics industry. White Plains, NY: Benchmark Environmental Consulting, 1997. 53 p.

Contents: (Selected) Executive summary; 1 - Introduction : benchmarking sustainable industrial development; 2 - Corporate environmental policies and reporting in the electronics industry; 3 - Environmentally sound products, processes, and services; 4 - Integration of sustainable development and economic growth; 5 - Reducing risks and hazards to human health and to the ecosystem; 6 - Community/stakeholder participation in sustainable development; 7 - Conclusion: dividends for sustainable industrial development Abstract: This report uses a number of approaches to characterize an environmentally sustainable business. Benchmark criteria in four areas are identified: environmentally sound products, processes and services; integration of sustainable development and economic growth; reducing risks and hazards to human health and to the ecosystem; community/stakeholder participation in sustainable development. Several electronics firms that are leading in terms of environmental performance are selected and evaluated.

Krut, Riva. Sustainable industrial development : a benchmark evaluation of public environmental policies and reporting among photographic companies. White Plains, NY: Benchmark Environmental Consulting, 1997. 53 p.

Contents: (Selected) Executive summary; 1 - Introduction: benchmarking sustainable industrial development; 2 - Corporate environmental policies and reporting in the photographic industry; 3 - Environmentally sound products, processes, and services; 4 - Integration of sustainable development and economic growth; 5 - Reducing risks and hazards to human health and to the ecosystem; 6 - Community/stakeholder participation in sustainable development; 7 - Conclusion: dividends for sustainable industrial development Abstract: This report uses a number of approaches to characterize an environmentally sustainable business. Benchmark criteria in four areas are identified: environmentally sound products, processes and services; integration of sustainable development and economic growth; reducing risks and hazards to human health and to the ecosystem; community/stakeholder participation in sustainable development. Several photographic companies that are leading in terms of environmental performance are selected and evaluated.

Lanjouw, Peter. Small-scale industry, poverty and the environment : a case study of Ecuador. Working Paper. No.18. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1997. 40 p.

Ledgerwood, Grant (ed.). Greening the boardroom : corporate environmental governance and business sustainability. Sheffield, UK: Greenleaf, 1997. 251 p.

Contents: Introduction : Corporate environmental governance (Ledgerwood); 1 - Environmental stewardship of the planet : the new premier league (Ledgerwood); 2 - World environmental industries : market drivers, developments and implications for corporate strategies (Ten Brink, Haines); 3 - Early warning of environmentally-driven market changes : a theoretical approach and an empirical investigation (Steger, Winter); 4 - Small firms and environmental technology : an international perspective (Heinonen); 5 - Investing in Europe : government support for environmental technology (Clement); 6 - Real-time management and environmental telematics : implications for distributed corporate systems and urban regeneration (Perham, Ledgerwood); 7 - Beyond the green wall : rethinking the environment for business advantage (Shelton, Shopley); 8 - Rhetoric and reality in the greening of organisational culture (Crane); 9 - Environmental positioning for the future : a review of 36 leading companies in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States of America (Scallon, Sten); 10 - Environment : What do Europe's boardrooms think? (Vaughan, Scott, Mickle); 11 - Consulting the stakeholder : a new approach to environmental reporting for IBM (UK) Ltd. (Ten Brink, Haines, Owen, Smith, Whitaker); 12 - The global 500, big oil and corporate environmental governance : how Shell became transparent in the 1990s (Ledgerwood); 13 - The parent company's role in environmental protection : experiences in developing countries (Sato); Epilogue : stakeholder theory and corporate environmental governance : a research framework and agenda for the new century (Ledgerwood)

Abstract: Examining corporate environmental governance this book traces the impacts of environmental strategy on organisations senior management. Corporate environmental leadership, product development strategies, the development of corporate environmental values, the international and global dimensions of corporate environmental management, and the consideration of the environment in product development and marketing strategies are discussed by various authors.

Lee, Byung Wook and Kenneth Green. " Towards commercial and environmental excellence : a green portfolio matrix". Business Strategy and the Environmen 3 (Autumn : 1994): 1-9.

Leighton, Tony. "Putting it all together : ten trends in corporate environmentalism ." Tomorrow : global environment business 1993. (s.l.): 1993, [7 p.]

Lober, Douglas J. (et al). " The 100 plus corporate environmental report study : A survey of an evolving environmental management tool". Business Strategy and the Environment 6 (1997) : 57-73.

Makower, Joel. Beyond the bottom line : putting social responsibility to work for your business and the world. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994. 335 p.

Contents: (Selected) 1 - Taking care of business; 2 - The birth of a notion; 3 - The new leaders; 4 - Beyond the bottom line; 5 - Forces for change; 6 - The greening of the bottom line; 7 - The workable workplace; 8 - Thinking corporately; acting locally; 9 - Global vision; Epilogue: the road from here; The next generation; Corporate reputation/responsibility assessment tool; Business for social responsibility; Business for social responsibility membership.

Abstract: Looks at the business world's best role models for the future in terms of transforming the relationship between business and society.

Makower, Joel. The E-factor : the bottom-line approach to environmentally responsible business. New York: Times Books, 1993. 291 p.

Makower, Joel. Good, green jobs : how business is putting the environment to work for California. Sacramento, CA: CDC Division of Recycling, 1995. 86 p.

Contents: Good, green jobs; The profiles [of enterprises]; Resources for California businesses seeking to link environmental success with financial success Abstract: Highlights the growth potential of environmentally responsible innovations. It discusses the potential for creating jobs through conservation, recycling and buying recycled, leaner production methods and new environmental technologies. It also profiles California companies that are creating or retaining jobs through their environmental initiatives and partnerships. Finally, it lists government, private-sector, and nonprofit organizations offering technical, financial or other assistance to help companies implement job-creating environmental initiatives.

Management Institute for Environment and Business. Environmental resource management : educating the business leaders of tomorrow : conference proceedings, 11-12 October, Fontainebleau, France. Arlington, VA: MEB, 1990. 61 p.

Abstract: Summarizes the goals, discussions, recommendations and results of a conference organised to help set business school priorities for integrating environmental issues into teaching and research programs.

Manta, Joseph G. and Gordon A West. ISO 140001 : an executive report. Rockville, Maryland: Government Institutes, 1996. 106 p.

Contents: (Selected) Executive summary; Section I - ISO 14000 Provisions; Section II - ISO 14001 Provisions; Section III - Legal implications; Section IV - Benefits of compliance; Section V - Environmental management system assessment; Appendix: Comparison of ISO 14001: Department of Justice Corporate Sentencing Guidelines, Chemical Manufacturing Association Responsible Care Program, and ICC Business Charter for Sustainable Development Abstract: This report provides a summary and analysis of the ISO 14001 standard. The authors provide a comparison of the ISO 9000 and ISO 14001 standards. The provisions of the ISO 14001 standard are included and the authors provide a brief descriptive explanation of the standard. The third section of the report reviews the legal implications of the standard and how legal counsel can assist a company in connection with ISO 14000 compliance. The authors also review the benefits of compliance to a company and describe an environmental management system assessment that can help a company determine the degree to which it's environmental management system meets ISO 14000 requirements. A comparison of ISO 14001 with other programs, principles, and guidelines is included in the appendix.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Technology, Business, and Environment Program. Bibliography on industrial ecology and sustainable development. 14 p.

Contents: Industrial ecology; Industrial parks and environmental architecture; Industrial ecology - design for environment; Industrial ecology - structural economics, I/O models, and ecological/environmental economics; Industrial ecology -ecofeedback for self-regulation; General ecological works; Other sources on business and environmental management; Sustainable development; Learning organizations; Other organizations.

Maya, R.S. and J. Gupta (eds.). Joint implementation : carbon colonies or business opportunities? : weighing the odds in an information vacuum. Southern Centre Climate Change Series no. 3. Harare: SCEE, 1996. 164 p.

Contents: Part 1 - Generic and cross cutting issues: 1 - Perspectives on Africa & the global debate on joint implementation (Kuik, Gupta), 2 - Political and practical aspects of joint implementation (Kuik, Gupta), 3 - Critique of the African approach to negotiating JI - bargaining or posturing? (Maya, Churie), 4 - A digest of regional JI issues: overview of results from national consultation on Africa & JI (Maya, Kuik, Churie); Part 2 - Country perspectives : 1 - Toward a national position on joint implementation - the case of Zimbabwe (Maya, Churie), 2 - Political and practical constraints to the acceptability of joint implementation in Kenya (Nyangena), 3 - An assessment of the national position and prospects for participation in JI: Country Case Study - Botswana (Zhou), 4 - National views and potential areas for JI activities in Zambia (Lungu, Yamba), 5 - The South African perspective on national and African participation in JI (Chipeya, Maya)

Abstract: This book examines whether joint implementation is acceptable in Africa as a particularly vulnerable sub region of the third world bloc. The authors examine national awareness on JI, consider reasons why JI is resisted by particular groups within society. They also look at the extent to which JI is acceptable, specifically noting the areas of the economies of Africa where JI would be the most pertinent to apply. Energy efficiency improvement, new and renewable sources of energy, and industrial development as a means of reducing dependence on wood are prominent potential areas of JI activity. The ability of Africa to bargain for maximum national or bloc benefits in JI is examined.

McDaniel, Lynda. " Crafting a rural economy." In Business (March/April, 1997) : 12-14.

McInerney, Francis and Sean White. The total quality corporation : how 10 major companies turned quality and environmental challenges to competitive advantage in the 1990's. New York: Dutton, 1995. 325 p

Contents: Introduction: riding the green wave; Nissan drives down plant emissions: going for zero emissions; Exxon refines its strategy: making money on a cleaner environment; Wal-Mart distributes wealth: turning information into profits; Lufthansa Airlines works smarter: passenger satisfaction first and foremost; Hitachi preaches the green gospel: managing efficiency from toasters to turbines; Alcatel Telecom sends a message: go where the money is; Howe Sound Pulp and Paper: smelling like a rose; Black Photo: developing a pollution-free environment; Inter-continental Hotels: guests and shareholders get a good night's sleep; Buena Vista Winery takes the next step: grapes grown organically; Fighting euro-sclerosis: Europe searches for a big green fix; Riding the big green tsunami: Japan targets its next export campaign; Singapore and Hong Kong: creating jobs alongside tough environmental policies; The real information revolution around us; High stakes for America: 2000 and beyond; Riding the information-cost curve: advantage America .

Abstract: This book uses a series of case studies of corporations to explain how the elimination of waste and pollution can lead to greater productivity and higher profits. Through these examples the authors argues that the choice between profits and protection of the environment is false.

Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation. Electronics industry environmental roadmap. Austin, TX: Information Services. MCC, 1995. v.

Abstract: This report is the product of a voluntary effort by the computer and electronics industry to develop environmentally conscious processes and products. The report identifies key issues and priorities related to business and strategic planning, followed by issues and priorities related to specific components in electronic systems, or at a discrete stage of the electronics system's life cycle. The report discusses expected developments in regulations and standards over the next ten years and indicates priority issues and needs.

Moffatt Associates Partnership. The 1997 [Nineteen Ninety Seven] U.K. business and the environment : trends survey. London, UK: Moffat, 1997. 8 p.

Murphy, David F. and Jem Bendell. In the company of partners : business, environmental groups and sustainable development post-Rio. Bristol, UK: Policy Press, 1997. 283 p.

Contents: Introduction; 1 - Facing diversity: sustainable development at the crossroads; 2 - Toward partnership: a history of environmental group thinking and action; 3 - Seeing the green light? The business response to sustainable development; 4 - Breaking the log jam : environmental group partnerships with the timber trade; 5 - Keeping good company : an overview of business-environmental group partnerships worldwide; 6 - From protest to partnership and back again: McDonald's and the environmental movement; 7 - Finding solutions together: the future of sustainable development.

Abstract: This book focuses on the emergence of business-environmental group partnerships. It provides analysis of sustainable development and discusses how businesses and environmental groups are working together to find solutions to environmental, social and economic problems. The book begins by providing a historical overview of sustainable development theory and practice. The authors discuss why business-environmental group relations have changed over the past three decades and explore the history of the modern environmental movement and the business response to environmental challenges. Practical information for companies, environmental groups and local authorities who wish to develop or facilitate new partnerships is provided using a range of case study examples. The impact, efficacy and sustainability of business-environmental group partnerships are discussed.

National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy. Discussions on decision making practices for sustainable development. Ottawa: NRTEE, 1991. 134 p.

Contents: What drives change? Successful management strategies; Management tools; Barriers to success; Changing decision making; A business code of practice; A review process; Procter and Gamble: one company's story.

Abstract: Shows how to apply environmental considerations to the decision making process in organizations. Draws on the insight of decision makers in the public and private sectors to formulate and implement environmental projects, programmes and policies for sustainable development National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy.

National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy. Measuring eco-efficiency in business : developing a core set of eco-efficiency indicators backgrounder. Ottawa, ON: NRTEE, 1997. 58 p.

Conference: Eco-efficiency Measurement Workshop (Washington, D.C. : 1997)

Abstract: The National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy's (NRTEE) eco-efficiency task force is exploring the possibility of developing a system of performance indicators that would encourage companies to set measurable eco-efficiency targets, assist in assessing progress and performance against their targets, and facilitate comparisons of eco-efficiency performance between companies of all types and sizes, as well as within industry sectors. This paper supports the process to explore the feasibility of this proposal. The paper proposes the hypothesis that it is desirable and possible to develop a core set of performance indicators that could be used by businesses to evaluate their progress towards achieving eco-efficiency objectives and targets and to measure their overall eco-efficiency. These indicators would be used by both internal users such as boards of directors and management, and external users such as investors. The paper discusses eco-efficiency measurement, including potential users, needs and reasons for requiring these indicators. Environmental performance indicators in use today are examined and eco-efficiency indicator selection criteria are discussed.

National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy. Sustainable development: building partnerships with business. Ottawa, ON: NRTEE, [1993?]. 10 p.

Nelson, Jane. Business as partners in development : creating wealth for countries, companies and communities. London, UK: The Prince of Wales Business Leaders Forum, 1996. 288 p.

Contents: Executive summary; I - The case for public-private partnership: 1 - The development challenge, 2 - The corporate challenge, 3 - The benefits of partnership; II - The contribution of the business sector: 1 - Managing the corporate contribution, 2 - Describing the corporate contribution; III - Multi-stakeholder partnerships : 1 - Partnerships between international NGOs and business, 2 - Partnerships between international agencies and business, 3 - National business partnerships for development, 4 - Learning from good practice; Conclusions and recommendations.

Abstract: This publication makes the case for public-private partnerships. Through discussions of the growing consensus of the need for sustainable patterns of development and the challenges of national governance and competitiveness the author concludes that there is a need for new measures of national wealth. There is a brief assessment of the strategic management challenges facing individual companies and a review of the evolving debate on corporate governance, and its shift from the narrow definition of the relationship between shareholders, management and Boards of Directors, to the broader definition of the relationships between the company and its wider stakeholders. The report closes by summarising some of the key benefits of public-private partnerships from both a societal as well as a corporate perspective.

Noci, Giuliano. " Supporting decision-making for recycling-based investments." Business Strategy and the Environment 4 (1995): 62-72.

Abstract: The paper suggests a conceptual model aimed at supporting managers in the integration of recycling issues into the overall process of strategy formation; in particular, the designed approach is divided into two main phases: the identification of the main recycling-based programmes and the definition of a framework, based on both physical and accounting measures, aimed at assessing the effectiveness according to the main priorities of the decision-maker.

Olivastri, Beatrice. Report of a NGO workshop to discuss the Framework for Corporate Reporting on Sustainable Development. Geneva: The International Facilitating Committee for the Independent Sectors for UNCED '92, [1992?]. 7 p.

Abstract: Report of a NGO workshop to discuss the Framework for Corporate Reporting on Sustainable Development based on a discussion papers sponsored by the International Institute for Sustainable Development, the Business Council for Sustainable Development, and DRT International.

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The OECD environment industry : situation, prospects and government policies. Paris: OECD, 1992. 33 p.

Contents: Summary and issues; Industry description; Market and demand trends; Production and trade trends; Policy issues.

Abstract: The main issues for discussion identified in this case study are: technology development; strategic sector policies; and, international cooperation.

Orti, Leticia. Environmental alliances : critical factors for success: a research report. New York: The Conference Board, 1995. 23 p.

Contents: From the President; Executive summary; Introduction; Creating Win-Win projects; Win-Win Situations; Case 1 : The European Partners for the Environment; Case 2 : The Lead Action Collaborative; Case 3 : Bank of America's Environmental Commitment; Building trust - discussion precedes action; The National Wildlife Federation's Corporate Conservation Council; The Environmental Defense Fund and McDonald's; The Regional Environment Center: building cooperation; Strategic fit and strategic motives; Finding the right fit; Setting goals and guidelines; Building bridges to stakeholders and sustainable development; Building bridges between business and the community.

Ottman, Jacquelyn A. Green marketing. Lincolnwood, Illinois: NTC Business Books, 1993. 188 p.

Abstract: This book argues that a green focus be applied to the marketing of the services and products of companies. The author discusses the opportunities provided by environmental consumerism and the likelihood that this will be a continuing feature of the marketplace. The differences between conventional and green marketing are discussed with the author examining how stakeholders can support the marketing effort. Developing successful green products and communicating their benefits are discussed. Several case studies provide examples of green marketing strategies.

Panos London. Green or mean? : Environment and industry five years on from the Earth Summit. Panos Media Briefing no.24. London, UK: Panos London, 1997. 22 p.

Contents: 1 - UNCED - The call to action; 2 - Production, consumption and pollution: The puzzle of sustainable development; 3 - Business going green - What's happening; 4 - What motivates industry reform?; 5 - A new vocabulary of 'corporate citizenship'; 6 - Is it just 'Greenwash'?; 7 - Is it enough?; 8 - Can we consume sustainably?

Panyarachun, Anand. "Merging business and the environment : three steps to leadership." TEI Quarterly Environment Journal 3 (Jan.-March 1995): 2-6.

Abstract: Through organizations such as the Business Council for Sustainable Development, the business community participated in the planning, implementation and follow up recommendations for the Earth Summit. After demonstrating interest and commitment, the opportunity exists for business to take an action-orientated leadership role towards achieving sustainable development. This paper briefly outlines three concrete steps that the business community should implement to achieve a leadership role on the environment.

Parker, Nicholas. Task Force report on mobilizing the financial markets to promote eco-efficiency : overview document and provisional report structure. (Draft) London, Canada: Delphi Group, 1993. 20 p.

Contents: Changing course - the role of financial markets; Linking environmental and financial performance; Providing information: recording, reporting and rating; The response of the equity investor; The response of lenders - banks and bond markets; The response of insurers; The role of government; The emerging markets; The way forward.

Abstract: The report examines factors influencing the financial markets today which encourage or discourage eo-efficiency in companies as well as identifies what needs to be done to encourage the financial markets to favour eco-efficient companies and projects.

Pearson, Charles S. (ed.). Multinational corporations, environment and the Third World: business matters. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1987. 295 p.

Contents: Case studies of multinational corporations in natural resource sectors; International trade and investment issues: pollution havens , hazardous exports and the workplace environment; Environmental policy and multinational corporations: country case studies; Analysis and lessons from an industrial accident: Bhopal.

Plant, Christopher and Judith Plant (eds.). Green business : hope or hoax? Toward an authentic strategy for restoring the earth. New Catalyst bioregional series. Gabriola Island, BC.: New Society Publishers, 1991. 136 p.

Contents: (Selected) Beyond green consumerism: surviving the green nineties: becoming a corporation with an environmental conscience, by Sandy Irvine; The greening of international finance, by Brian Tokar; Endorsing green capitalism: should environmental groups get into bed with business, by Wayne Elwood; Marketing that environment, by Brian Tokar; How green is your company? A corporate green rating, by Guy Dauncey; The voluntary green tax, by David Albert; Community-supported agriculture, by Alyssa Lovell; Land trusts: an alternative to land ownership, by Betty Didcoct

Polonsky, Michael Jay and Alma T. Mintu-Wimsatt (ed.). Environmental marketing : strategies, practice, theory, and research. New York: Haworth Press, 1995. 415 p.

Abstract: This book introduces a number of green marketing issues. Green marketing issues related to a number of different countries are explored, including Australia, Germany, United Kingdom, and the United States. The book is organized under several major sections, among these sections a number of topics are examined: the characteristics of the environmentally conscious consumer, green-based product trends, green advertising, reverse channel systems, the green movement's impact on marketing strategy, green strategy and public policy.

Porter, Michael E. and Claas van der Linde. "Toward a new conception of the environment -competitiveness relationship". Journal of Economic Perspectives 9 (4, 1995): 97-118.

Poyry, Jaakko. Assessment of bleaching technology and emission control in the pulp and paper industry. Towards a sustainable paper cycle sub-study series no.8. London, UK: International Institute for Environment & Development, 1996. 150 p.

Contents: (Selected) 1. Introduction; 2. Processes and emissions; 3. External effluent treatment; 4. Cost estimating for emission control; 5. Pulp and paper capacity; 6. Actual emission levels; 7. Costs for emission control.

President's Council on Sustainable Development. Proceedings of the workshop on extended product responsibility : case studies. Washington: PCSD, 1996