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Meta-Measurement…Selected Sources

Compiled by Information for Sustainable Development Project - IISD

February 1997

Most sources listed are available for viewing at the IISD Information Centre. For information please call 204-958-7724 or email: mroy@iisdpost.iisd.ca

Adger, N. Sustainability : concept and measurement. Washington, D. C. : World Resources Institute, 1992. 14 p.

Notes: A paper presented at World Resources Institute Workshop on Global Sustainability Indicators, Washington D. C., December 1992.

Alberti, Marina and Jonathan D. Parker. "Indices of environmental quality : the search for credible measures". Environmental Impact Assessment Review 11 no.2 (1991): 95-101.

Allenby, Braden R. and Deanna J. Rickards (eds). The greening of industrial ecosystems. Washington, D. C.: National Academy Press, 1994. 272 p.

Contents: Industrial metabolism: theory and policy (Ayres); Energy and industrial ecology (Linden); Input-output analysis and industrial ecology (Duchin); Wastes as raw materials (Allen and Behmanesh); Economics and sustainable development (Crosson and Toman); From voluntary to regulatory pollution prevention (Anderson); International environmental law and industrial ecology (Housman); Industrial ecology: the role of government (Weinberg et al); Integrating environment and technology: design for environment (Allenby); Preventing pollution and seeking environmentally preferable alternatives in the U.S. Air Force (Morehouse); Designing the modern automobile for recycling (Klimisch); Greening the telephone: a case study (Sekutowski); The utilization-focused service economy: resource efficiency and product-life extension (Stahel); Zero-loss environmental accounting systems (Todd); Implications of industrial ecology for firms (Dillon); Design for environment: an R&D manager's perspective (Pfahl); The two faces of technology: changing perspectives in design for environment (Friedlander); Industrial ecology and design for environment: the role of universities (Ehrenfeld).

Abstract: This volume explores the new industrial ecology, an emerging framework for making environmental factors an integral part of economic and business decision making. Experts on this new frontier explore concepts and applications, including bringing international law up to par with many national laws to encourage better environmental practices; integrating environmental costs into accounting systems for better management decision making; and understanding how concepts such as design for environment, "industrial metabolism" and sustainable development will affect both manufacturing and service companies.

Andraca, Roberto de and Ken F. McCready. Internalizing environmental costs to promote eco-efficiency. Geneva: Business Council for Sustainable Development, 1994. 107 p.

Notes: Includes references. NOTE: BCSD now part of World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) - incorporating WICE - Jan. 1995.

Contents: (Selected): Eco-efficiency; Accounting for environmental costs; The enabling framework (Role of government, Direct regulations, Economic instruments); Competitiveness and trade. Appendix 5 has Case studies on economic instruments and building partnerships.

Abstract: Series of recommendations to government policy makers and business decision makers to make eco-efficiency (through internalizing environmental costs into businesses and then businesses moving those costs into the marketplace)) the business norm for the 21st century.

Barnard, Pieter and J. N. K. van der Merwe. "Measuring the quality of life in rural community development." Social Indicators Research 24 (1991): 57-70.

Abstract: The authors developed a systemic measure instrument, consisting of 45 tenets of community life, which was tested on rural communities consisting mostly of illiterate farm labourers. The measurement was done by community members themselves, with very little guidance, but with great success, especially due to the fact that they were involved and could see changes as well as problems that needed further attention.

Bell, Pamela. Alternative/sustainable development paradigm : definition and measurable variables. Mankato, MN: Human Economy Papers, 1991. 12 p.

Bradley, Richard H. Downtown benchmarks: establishing measures for success based on outcomes and performance : a manual. Downtown Horizon Series. Washington, D. C.: International Downtown Association, 1994. 22 p.

Bromley, Daniel W.(ed) The handbook of environmental economics. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1995. 705 p.

Contents: Choices without prices without apologies (Vatn and Bromley); Benefits, costs and the safe minimum standard of conservation (Randall and Farmer); The environment and property rights issues (Schmid); Zoning and the urban environment (Fischel); Public policies for land conservation (Hodge); Intergenerational choices under global environmental change (Howarth and Norgaard); Neoclassical economic growth theory and sustainability (Toman et al); Measuring sustainable development (Pearce and Atkinson); Nonrenewable resource supply: theory and practice (Toman and Walls); Empirical consequences of the Hotelling Principle (Berck); Recycling programs (McClain); Nonconvexities and the theory of external costs (Burrows); Liability and penalty structures in policy design (Segerson); A bargaining framework for the global commons (Bromley and Cochrane); Transferable discharge permits and global warming (Tietenberg); Trade, pollution, and environmental protection (Runge); Optimal timber management policies (Montgomery and Adams); Bioeconomic models of the fishery (Conrad); Management regimes in ocean fisheries (Rettig); Privatization open access fisheries: individual transferable quotas (Anderson); Regulation, imperfect markets and transaction costs: the elusive quest for efficiency in water allocation (Colby); Issues in the conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater (Provencher); Minerals policy (Gordon); Valuation of environmental quality under certainty (Bishop and Woodward); Environmental valuation under uncertainty (Ready); Quasi-option value (Graham-Tomasi); Evaluating changes in risk and risk perceptions by revealed preference (Freeman); Contingent valuation (Bishop et al); Travel cost models (Bockstael); Hedonic pricing methods (Freeman).

Abstract: Provides a comprehensive set of materials on environmental and natural resource economics based on 30 specially commissioned pieces by leading authorities in the field.

Brown, Lester R., Christopher Flavin and Sandra Postel. Saving the planet : how to shape an environmentally sustainable global economy. Worldwatch environmental alert series. New York: W.W. Norton, 1991. 224 p.

Contents: The shape of a sustainable economy (The efficiency revolution, Building a solar economy, Reusing and recycling materials, Protecting the biological base, Grain for eight billion, A stable world population); Instruments of change (From growth to sustainable progress, Better indicators of human welfare, Reshaping government incentives, Green taxes; Banking on the environment).

Abstract: Main thrust is how to create a vibrant world economy which does not destroy the ecosystem on which it is based. Spells out the major restructuring of energy systems, tax systems, industrial and developing economies, and international aid that would promote the shift to a sustainable society.

Bryant, Christopher R. Working together through community participation, cooperation and partnerships. Sustainable community analysis workbook no.1. St. Eugene, ON: Econotrends Limited, 1994. 45 p.

Abstract: First in a series of workbooks or toolkits for people involved in the health of their communities. Deals with the processes of participation, cooperation and building partnerships.

Cairncross, Frances (ed.). Costing the Earth : the challenge for governments : the opportunity for business. Boston : Harvard Business School Press, 1992. 341p.

Contents: 1: Growth and Sustainable Development; 2: Costs and Benefits; 3: Where Governments Fail; 4: Making Polluters Pay; 5: Energy Efficiency; 6: Conservation; 7: International Environmental Management; 8: The Challenge to Companies; 9: The Green Consumer; 10: Waste Disposal; 11: Recycling; 12: Cleaner Processes, Cleaner Products; 13: Environmental Management; 14: Industry and the Global Environment. Also includes a checklist for companies.

Cairns, Stephanie, Barbara Campbell and Rob Macintosh. Fine tuning taxes for energy eco-efficiency : a study commissioned for the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy : greening the budget workshop October 17, 1995. (Draft). Drayton Valley, AB: The Pembina Institute for Appropriate Development, 1995. 48 p.

Contents: 1 - Introduction; 2 - Study rationale : Eco-efficiency - towards the " Factor 10 " economy, Why focus on taxes ?, Task force on economic instruments and disincentives to sound environmental practices, National action programme on climate change; 3 - Scope : Parameters of the study, "Fine-tuning" terms of reference; 4 - Methodology and application : Define "sound environmental practice", Assess each sectoral policy package, Identify the results of any proposed adjustment; 5 - Findings : CCA class 43.1 for energy conservation property, Deductibility of business travel expenses, Scientific research and experimental tax credit, Canadian exploration expense, Flow through shares, CCA class 41a - new mines and major expansions, CCA on power operated movable equipment, Atlantic investment tax credit; 6 - Summary.

Abstract: This study examines, with a view to increasing eco-efficiency, how federal capital tax measures influence investment or operating decisions in the energy sector, and energy purchasing and use decisions by consumers. Potential directions for adjusting existing tax measures to increase incentives for energy eco-efficiency are offered.

Canada. Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, Canada. Ministère des Affaires étranères et du commerce international, United Nations. Commission on Sustainable Development. Report of Canada to the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development : Third Session of the Commission = Rapport du Canada à la Commission du développement durable des Nations unies : troisième session de la Commission : April 11-28 1995. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1995. v.; annual.

Contents: Third Session of the Commission April 11-28, 1995: General trends in the implementation of Agenda 21; Cross-sectoral issues: information for decision making, Indicators for sustainable development, Science for sustainable development; Environmentally sound management of biotechnology; Sectoral issues: Conservation of biological diversity, Integrated approach to the planning and management of land resources, Managing fragile ecosystems: sustainable mountain development, Promoting agriculture and rural development, Measures to manage, conserve and sustainably develop Canada's forests; Follow-up to 1994 CSD sectoral issues; Fourth Session of the Commission April 18 to May 3, 1996: Summary; Introduction; General trends in the implementation of Agenda 21; Cross-sectoral issues: Strengthening the role of major groups, Financial resources and mechanisms, Environmentally sound technology, Combating poverty, Changing consumption patterns, Demographic dynamics and sustainability, Promoting education, public awareness and training, Integrating environment and development in decision making, Integrating environment and development in international legal instruments and mechanisms; Sectoral issues: Protection of the atmosphere, Protection of the oceans and other seas, Sustainable development of small island states; Follow-up to 1995 CSD sectoral issues.

Abstract: Second in a series that will be produced over the next three years leading up to the 1997 Commission of Sustainable Development review of all issues addressed at UNCED.

Carpenter, Richard A. "Can sustainability be measured?"Ecology International Bulletin 21 (1994): 27-36.

Center for Economic Conversion. A growing US trend : measuring local quality of life as a step toward creative change. Mountain View, CA: CEC, 1994. 6 p.

Chesapeake Bay Program. Environmental indicators : measuring our progress. Annapolis, MD : Chesapeake Bay Program, 1994. 2 v

Notes: Presentation package. Paper reproduction of slides and speakers' notes.

Cobb, Clifford, Ted Halstead and Jonathan Rowe. Redefining progress : the genuine progress indicator : summary of data and methodology. San Francisco, CA : Redefining Progress, 1995. 50 p.

Contents: Forward; Introduction : What is "the economy?", Why growth of GDP does not equal progress, The need for new measures of progress; Overview of the genuine progress indicator : Summary of the GPI methodology, The centrality of consumption; The GPI - Explanation by column; The GPI - data by column; Discussion of results.

Abstract: This document introduces a new measure of the economic well-being of the nation from 1950 to present. It broadens the conventional accounting framework to include the economic contributions of the family and community, and of the natural habitat, along with conventionally measured economic production. The deficiencies of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) are outlined and the argument is made for a new measure called the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI). The methodology for calculating the GPI is presented. In contrast to the GDP's doubling from the 1950s to present, the GPI increased during the 1950s and 1960s but declined by roughly 45 since 1970. This rate of decline accelerated between the 1970s and the 1990s.

Dahl, Arthur Lyon. "Measuring the unmeasurable."Our Planet 8 (January 1996): 29-34.

Dale, Ann and John B. Robinson (eds). Achieving sustainable development : sustainability and the environment. Vancouver, B. C. : UBC Press, 1996. 303 p.

Contents: Foreward (Strong); 1 - Life in 2030: the sustainable society project (Robinson, Van Bers, McLeod); 2 - Sustainability strategies and green planning - recent Canadian and International experience (Sadler); 3 - Growing wisely - reconciling competitiveness and sustainability in a shrinking world (Schrecker); 4 - Biodiversity conservation: a decision-making context (Dale, Hill); 5 - Industrial ecology: efficient and excellent production (Cote, Plunkett); 6 - Making sustainable development happen: institutional transformation (Francis, Lerner); 7 - Putting women and the environment first: poverty alleviation and sustainable development (Kettel); 8 - Promises, promises: Canadian campaign rhetoric, Agenda 21, and the status of Women (MacDonald); 9 - Aboriginal peoples: the basis for policy-making toward sustainable development (Berkes, Fast); 10 - A systemic approach to assessing progress toward sustainability (Hodge).

Abstract: This publication contains a collection of papers that provide a comprehensive, independent analysis with recommendations on how we can meet the challenges of sustainable development. The first section of the book, Visions, articulates future scenarios for a sustainable society in Canada. In the second section, Connections, a writer from outside the field makes connections between his work and sustainable development. The next section, Action, is the heart of the work, where authors focus on concrete proposals to realize sustainable development. Finally, Assessing Progress shows how we are doing in reaching our sustainable development goals.

Davies, John K. and Michael P. Kelly (eds). Healthy cities : research and practice. New York : Routeledge, 1993. 188 p.

Abstract: This book examines the application of the World Health Organization's Healthy Cities project in a number of countries. The contributors explore problems in the relationship between policy-makers, communities and academic researchers, and discuss how the Healthy Cities program affects housing and health policies, community development, scientific interchange and health education. In addition, the editors provide a conceptual framework by tracing the history of the WHO projects and discussing them in the broader context of scientific and philosophical debates about modernism and post-modernism.

Deelstra, Tjeerd. Measuring local sustainability. Delft, Netherlands : International Institute for the Urban Environment, 1995. 12 p.

Dixon, John A. and Kirk Hamilton. "Expanding the measure of wealth." Finance & Development 33 (December, 1996) : 15-18.

Ecumenical Committee for Corporate Responsibility, Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility and the Taskforce on the Churches and Corporate Responsibility. "Principles for global corporate responsibility : Bench marks for measuring business performance." The Corporate Examiner 24 (2-4: Sept.1, 1995) : 1-28.

Contents: Includes: The business charter for sustainable development, The CERES principles, GM Board guidelines on corporate governance issues, The code of best practice, International labor organization (ILO) standards from "Field guide to labor rights", The convention on the rights of the child, The Wood-Sheppard for race equality in employment, Convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women, Equal opportunity of employment for Women, The United Nations draft declaration gender equity, A code of practice for the employment of disabled people, ILO conventions from 1930 to 1973, " Advertising code " from the British codes of advertising and sales promotion.

Gee, David. Clean production : from industrial dinosaur to eco-efficiency. Great Britain : Manufacturing Science and Finance Union, 1994. 88 p.

Contents: Introduction; The problem of waste; The four principles of clean production; How big is the market for clean production?; Action for clean production; Clean production at work; Are there jobs in clean production?; What can trade unions do about clean production?

Abstract: Examines: how economic development, particularly in rich countries, is jeopardizing the quality of life and survival of current and future generations; how we could move towards sustainable economic development through the wiser stewardship of the Earth's resources; how we can reduce waste at work through clean production; and, how to change the focus of technology from saving human energy to saving resources so as to achieve the wiser use of nature and the wider use of labour.

Global Environmental Management Initiative. Environmental reporting in a total quality management framework : a primer. Washington, D. C.: GEMI, 1994. 40 p.

Contents: Preface; Introduction; TQEM : a road map to effective measurement and reporting; External reporting; Conclusion; Appendix One : The ICC business charter for sustainable development - principles for environmental management; Appendix two : the effect of design choices on production costs.

Abstract: This primer outlines the basic total quality environmental management (TQEM) framework many companies rely on for effective and efficient internal environmental reporting. In addition, it examines the external environmental reporting process as a logical extension of the internal reporting program. A directory of additional resources is included.

Goodman, Robert, Herman Daly, Herman and Salah el Serafy (eds.). Population, technology and lifestyle : the transition to sustainability. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1993. xvi, 154 p.

Contents: (Selected): GNP and market prices: wrong signals for sustainable economic success that mask environmental destruction, by Jan Tinbergen and Roefie Hueting. Sustainability, income measurement, and growth, by Salah El Serafy. Project evaluation and sustainable development, by Raymond Mikesell. Ecological economics of sustainability: investing in natural capital, by Robert Costanza. Ten reasons why northern income growth is not the solution to southern poverty, by Robert Goodland and Herman E. Daly.

Gouzee, Nadine, Bernard Mazijn and Suzan Billharz (eds.). [Report of the workshop] Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP, 1995. 128 p.

Conference: Workshop on Indicators of Sustainable Development for Decision-making (1995 : Ghent)

Contents: 1 -Main findings of the workshop: Conclusions; 2 - Record of the meeting: Introductory statements, Presentations, Plenary discussions, Interventions, Small group discussions; 3 - Compilation of full texts: UNEP statement, UNDP statement, First discussion paper - The role of indicators in decision-making (UNEP and DPCSD), Second discussion paper - Environmental indicators - a systematic approach to measuring and reporting on the environment in the context of sustainable development (SCOPE); 4 - Debate with NGOs: indicators of sustainable development - challenge or constraint for change?: Summary of the debate, Introduction to the debate; 5 - Annexes.

Abstract: This workshop reviewed indicators of sustainable development on the three principal aspects of sustainability and it discussed the links between them. Among the conclusions that were reached by the workshop was a confirmation of the usefulness of indicators of sustainable development. Participants noted that an equal emphasis should be placed on the economic, social, environmental and institutional aspects of sustainable development in the creation of a framework of indicators.

Hanna, Susan, and Mohan Munasinghe (eds.). Property rights and the environment : social and ecological issues. Washington, D. C.: World Bank, 1995. 164 p.

Abstract: This book investigates the institutional dimensions of environmental sustainability. Property rights regimes are particularly important types of institutions, the knowledge of how they function in relation to humans and their use of the environment is critical to the design and implementation of effective environmental protection. The papers in this book consider the theoretical and conceptual background related to the design of governance systems for sustainability; the relationships among equity, stewardship, and environmental resilience; the use of traditional knowledge in resource management; the mechanisms that link humans to their environment; and the role played by poverty and population.

Hardi, Peter and Stephan Barg. Linking sustainable development and military operations in peacetime : performance indicators : phase one : draft of a system. Winnipeg: International Institute for Sustainable Development, 1995. 82 p.

Notes: Study for the Department of National Defence (Canada). Includes Developing a matrix structure of performance indicators and Sample information base (in table form) of sustainable development indicators for business, international organizations and governments.

Hardi, Peter and Laszlo Pinter. Measuring sustainable development performance : Canadian initiatives : first survey. Winnipeg : International Institute for Sustainable Development, 1994. 35 p.

Abstract: Survey identifying recent Canadian work on defining sustainable development related indicators (federal, provincial/territorial, municipal and multilateral initiatives, and initiatives of academic institutions, business and professional organizations, non-governmental organizations, and international organizations in Canada).

Hardi, Peter and Laszlo Pinter. Models and methods of measuring sustainable development performance : revised draft discussion report prepared for the Sustainable Development Coordination Unit, Executive Council, Government of Manitoba. Winnipeg : International Institute for Sustainable Development, 1995. 35 p.

Contents: (Selected): Model initiatives on the provincial/state level; Alberta's sustainable development indicators; Oregon benchmarks; Choices for Colorado's future; The sustainable Seattle; Life in Jacksonville: quality indicators for progress; Common weaknesses of the presented models; Suggestions for indicator selection methodology and application.

Abstract: Identifies operative models presenting measurable dimensions of social, economic and biophysical conditions at the state/provincial/municipal levels.

Hinterberger, Friedrich (et al). Increasing resource productivity through eco-efficient services. Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute, 1994. 25 p.

Conference: Eco-efficient Services Seminar (1994 : Wuppertal Institute)

Abstract: Dematerialization strategy using the reduction of "material input per service unit (MIPS) is described along with progress measurement and ways of designing eco-efficient service concepts.

International Institute for Sustainable Development. Global green standards : ISO 14000 and sustainable development. Winnipeg: IISD , 1996. 100 p.

Contents: (Selected) Chapter 1 - Introduction; Chapter 2 - Voluntary standards in context; Chapter 3 - ISO 14000 and global trends; Chapter 4 - TC 207 and ISO 14000; Chapter 5 - Environmental management systems and environmental auditing; Chapter 6 - Environmental labeling; Chapter 7 - Life cycle assessment; Chapter 8 - Environmental performance evaluation; Chapter 9 - The challenge ahead: voluntary standards and sustainability.

Abstract: Global Green Standards is an informative guide for business on ISO 14000 standards. This report highlights what stakeholders interested in sustainable development should understand about the ISO 14000 standards. It also explains to industry what ISO standards can and cannot do for their organizations. Global Green Standards relates the relevance of ISO 14000 standards to the World Trade Organization and the implications for new international trade rules. In addition, it explores the opportunity for developing countries to embrace the ISO 14000 series.

International Institute for Sustainable Development. Paper[s] submitted for the ... Meeting June 23-25, 1994, Winnipeg, to advise the Minister and Department of Human Resources Development, vol.1. Winnipeg : IISD, 1994. 1 v. (loose leaf).

Conference: Employment and Sustainable Development Meeting (1994 : Winnipeg)

Contents: Applying sustainable development criteria to employment opportunities for community shared agriculture (Allerdings). Jobs Ontario training promotes jobs and futures (Andrew). Prairie aquaculture at AGPRO (Bielka). Building our community : an experiential case for project based CED (Born). Sustainable cultural development : sustainable development in the past and future of aboriginal employment in Canada (Brascoup‚). Uses of conflict resolution in dealing with resource based disputes (Doyle). Newfoundland inshore fishery : industry renewal : draft (Dwyer). Sustainable prairie communities : developing a new agenda (Everitt, Annis, Bessant, McGuinness). Brighter future : energy efficiency and jobs in Manitoba (Frayne, Martin). Edmonton Recycling Society : an experiment in employment and sustainable development (Guenter). Employment opportunities of sustainable rural tourism (Jamieson). Green development corporations : a proposed framework for an economically attractive and environmentally sustainable form of urban development (Larsson, Riley). Leaping into sustainable social and environmental development? Australia's landcare and environmental action program (Law, Williamson). Community economic development : lessons from the trenches : directions for the future (Lewis). Eco-efficient buildings (Lowans). West End Community Ventures : an urban community organization on the path to sustainability (Mark). Green enterprises : energy retrofitting (McKnight). Linking the solitudes of wildlife habitat, landscapes and economic development to create sustainable employment opportunities (Neave). New opportunities for growth (Newfoundland and Labrador Economic Recovery Commission). Youth enterprise and sustainable development (Newing). Employment and sustainable development in forestry : the ecosystem-based determinant increased complexity in forecasting employment trends (Patterson, Nixon). Sustainability, growth, and employment : toward an ecologically stable, economically secure, and socially satisfying future (Rees). Win-win-win : good jobs, strong communities, healthy environment (Roberts). Aquaculture : a model for sustainable economic development in Canada (Stechey, Connors, Cook). Human resource development in the Canadian environment industry (Trump, Miller, Redhead). Moving towards sustainability, three demonstrations of ideas and methods that create jobs (Wanlin, Hyerj). Transporting ourselves to sustainable economic growth (Zielinski).

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. 1994. v. in box.

Conference: 19th Session of the General Assembly of IUCN-The World Conservation Union (19 : 1994 : Buenos Aires)

Contents: IUCN 19th General Assembly Proceedings (IUCN); The new international scene and IUCN's place within it - report of a workshop at the...19th General Assembly (IUCN); Towards environmentally sustainable development: measuring progress (O'Connor); Linking sustainability indicators to performance goals at national and sub national levels (Corson).

Abstract: Miscellaneous material from the 19th General Assembly of the IUCN - World Conservation Union held in Buenos Aires, Argentina from the 17 - 26 of January, 1994.

Japan. Environment Agency. Planning and Coordination Bureau. Office of Policy Research and Planning. Quality of the environment in Japan 1995 : Abridged and illustrated for easy understanding. Tokyo : Japan Environment Association, 1995. 36 p.

Contents: Chapter I - Development of civilizations and global environmental issues : position of human beings in the global ecosystem, ancient civilization and the environment, modern civilizations and global environmental issues; Chapter II - Sustainable development of the Asia-Pacific region : state of the environment in the Asia-Pacific region in the 21st Century, sustainable development in the Asia-Pacific region and Japan's role; Chapter III - Japan's environmental resource capital for the next generation : Japan's environment through the state of the soil quality, Japan's natural environment in countryside areas and areas with high human impacts, environmental effects of global warming; Chapter IV - Implementation of effective environmental measures for a sustainable future : points to be considered in order to increase effectiveness of environmental measures, environment and trade, environmental and market, environment and information, new efforts of local governments and consumer and the business sectors, the basic environment plan for a sustainable future; V - State of the environment; Final remark.

Abstract: This report is based on the Japanese government "White Paper on the Environment" which was drawn up for the fiscal year 1995. The environment agency has re-edited the paper to make it more accessible to the general public. The white paper discusses the relationship that exists between the environment and civilization. It considers desirable societies, it probes the historic significance of modern civilizations and their problems, and it reviews human evolution and considers ancient civilizations from the environment perspective. This paper discusses issues in the Asia-Pacific region. There is a discussion of ideas designed to make future environmental measures more effective. Finally, the state of the environment in Japan is described by various environmental standards and measures.

Jesinghaus, Jochen. The pressure indices project: theory and structure. (s.l.): The author, 1995?. Various paging.

Notes: Unpublished monograph. Includes references.

Contents: (Selected) 1 - The roles of green accounting & pressure indices; 2 - Pressure indices and valuation of environmental damages: Current approaches to valuation and aggregation, Social cost-benefit analysis - are we in the optimum?, The cake-share model - an explanation for the differences in the monetary valuation of environmental damages, The hierarchical structure of environmental policy, Functions of (Pressure) indices - the interface information - politics; 3 - Implementation - the European Commission's Pressure Indices Project: Goals of the project, Project organization, Time schedule, Some remarks on the project structure; 4 - Pressure indices and "Sustainability indicators"; 5 - The role of monetary evaluation: towards a "Green GDP"?: Increasing the efficiency of EIAs - "Avoidance costs per pressure index point", Defensive expenditures to correct GNP, WTP, budget and tax allocations to judge the "volume" of environmental policy.

Keniry, Julian. Ecodemia : campus environmental stewardship at the turn of the 21st century. Washington, D. C.: 1995. 222 p.

Contents: (Selected) 1 - University purchasing and campus stores : Proactive procurement at Rutgers, Lab purchasing at Minnesota, University bookstores; 2 - Landscaping and grounds: Going native, Integrated pest management, Community landscaping; 3 - Transportation, parking, and fleet maintenance: Managing campus transportation demand; 4 - Energy and utilities: Building an energy-efficient base, Looking forward - renewable energy; 5 - Dining services : Local and organic produce, Dining waste reduction and recycling; 6 - Communication services - office equipment and printing: Smart offices, Printing; 7 - Solid waste management: Recycling, Composting, Source reduction - the next threshold; 8 - Hazardous waste minimization: Microscale - starting small, Coordination at large institutions, Bridging town and gown; 9 - Evaluating campus stewardship programs : Looking forward; Greening our own home - The National Wildlife Federation Environmental Quality Task Force.

Abstract: This book describes the actions being taken within higher education by both students and staff to consider the environmental consequences of their operations. Through the presentation of case studies the author describes solutions to environmental problems for various sectors of University and College activities ranging from purchasing to dining services and transportation. Each chapter also contains both a bibliography and a collection of contacts that can be used to network with other organizations or departments that have experience dealing with these environmental problems.

McInerney, Francis and Sean White. The total quality corporation : how 10 major companies turned quality and environmental challenges to competitive advantage in the 1990's. New York : Dutton, 1995. 325 p

Contents: Introduction: riding the green wave; Nissan drives down plant emissions: going for zero emissions; Exxon refines its strategy: making money on a cleaner environment; Wal-mart distributes wealth: turning information into profits; Lufthansa Airlines works smarter: passenger satisfaction first and foremost; Hitachi preaches the green gospel: managing efficiency from toasters to turbines; Alcatel Telecom sends a message: go where the money is; Howe Sound Pulp and Paper: smelling like a rose; Black Photo: developing a pollution-free environment; Inter-continental Hotels: guests and shareholders get a good night's sleep; Buena Vista Winery takes the next step: grapes grown organically; Fighting euro-sclerosis: Europe searches for a big green fix; Riding the big green tsunami: Japan targets its next export campaign; Singapore and Hong Kong: creating jobs alongside tough environmental policies; The real information revolution around us; High stakes for America: 2000 and beyond; Riding the information-cost curve: advantage America.

Abstract: This book uses a series of case studies of corporations to explain how the elimination of waste and pollution can lead to greater productivity and higher profits. Through these examples the authors argues that the choice between profits and protection of the environment is false.

Munasinghe, Mohan and Walter Shearer (eds.). Defining and measuring sustainability : the biogeophysical foundations. Washington, D. C.: World Bank, 1995. 440 p.

Abstract: This publication contains a collection of papers resulting from an International Conference on the Definition and Measurement of Sustainability: the Biological and Physical Foundations, held at the World Bank in June 1992. The papers discuss concepts and methods of measuring sustainability from a variety of perspectives. These include biodiversity, different spatial scales, and different biogeophysical systems. A variety of case studies apply sustainability indicators to different regions where managed and unmanaged resource use is occurring.

Nath, Bhaskar, Luc Hens and Dimitri DeVuyst (eds.). Textbook on sustainable development. Brussels: VUB University Press, 1996. 365 p.

Contents: Part I - Genesis, landmarks and conceptual background of sustainable development: 1 - Man, science, technology and sustainable development (Nath, Talay), 2 - Pre-Bruntland commission era (Hatcher), 3 - Rio Conference and thereafter (Hens), 4 - Human demography and environmental resources (Pimental), 5 - What has sustainability to do with ethics? (Schutz); Part II - Methodological Developments in Sustainable Development: 6 - Measuring sustainable development at the national and international level (Goeteyn), 7 - Local indicators of sustainability: measuring the human ecosystem (Hatcher); Part III - Target groups in sustainable development: 8 - Business and sustainability (Hatcher), 9 - Genetic engineering and agriculture: limits and options for maintaining biodiversity and sustainability (Paoletti, Pimental), 10 - Consumers in a sustainable environment (Varcoe), 11 - Role of local authorities in achieving sustainable development (De Weerdt, Van Assche, Devuyst), 12 - Role of technology and science in sustainable development (Barbiroli).

New Economics Foundation. New indicators resource pack. London, UK : New Economics Foundation, 1996.

Contents: Growing pains? : An index of sustainable economic welfare for the United Kingdom, 1950-1990; Accounting for change : News from the new economics foundation programme; What happened when we measured 'real' wealth (Mayo); New ways of taking Britain's pulse rate (MacGillivray); New Economics Foundation Social Statement 1994-95: a brief history of NEF's indicators work; Indicators programme press coverage 1994; Quality of life : a national survey (Lord); Indicators for the state of the UK environment; How big is our ecological footprint? : using the concept of appropriated carrying capacity for measuring sustainability (Wackernagel); Call to action 4 : sustainable development indicators : have we moved forward or backwards from Rio; If the GDP is up, why is America down? (Cobb, Halstead, Rowe); The green revenue path: for healthy growth Washington should tax resources, not labour (Halstead, Rowe);

Indicators of local sustainability (Morris); Indicators of action (Allen); Working in partnership (Carr); Ownership the key (Jackson); Indicators, institutions and public perceptions (Pinfield); Using indicators in policy; Taking gender into account; Sustainability indicators for Fife; Life in Jacksonville: quality indicators for progress; Strathclyde sustainability indicators;

Indicators for a sustainable future : agenda 21 in Merton...;Sustainable Seattle : indicators of sustainable community 1995;Key indicators references; The GDP effect (WWF); Briefings from the GEC programme : accounting for change the role of sustainable development indicators (MacGillivray, Zadek); Traidcraft plc Social Audit 1993 - 1994.

Northern River Basins Study Board (Canada). Northern River Basins Study : report to the Ministers 1996. Edmonton, AB: Alberta Environmental Protection, 1996. 287 p.

Contents: (Selected) Key Findings and recommendations; Preamble; 1 - Background: Introduction to the Northern River Basins, The Peace River, The Athabasca River, The Peace-Athabasca Delta, The Slave River and Delta, The people of the basins and the genesis of the study; 2 - Study organization: Overview, The science program, Human health, Community participation; 3 - Major findings: Introduction, Environmental overview, Use of aquatic resources, Traditional knowledge, Flow regulation, Fish distribution..., Nutrients, Dissolved oxygen, Contaminants, Drinking water, Ecosystem health, Modeling, Human health, Cumulative effects; 4 - Study board recommendations: Introduction, Basin management, Reach specific issues, Monitoring, Research, Public participation, Successor organization; 5 - First Nations/ Metis recommendations; 6 - Workshop comments: Introduction, Post NRBS/Interjurisdictional bodies, Discharge/River health, Regulations and monitoring, Future studies, Traditional knowledge, Citizen involvement, First nations, Education/ Communication, Human health, Advice/comments to board, Other recommendations; 7 - Appendices; NRBS Documents.

Abstract: This report provides a benchmark that defines the present state of the Peace, Athabasca and Slave rivers. Areas of study that are mentioned in this report include: quality of fish and water, ecosystem health, nutrients and dissolved oxygen in surface waters, flow regulation, critical environmental issues and management challenges in the region, pollution prevention, basin management and study process. Recommendations are made for the management of the basin and further research.

Ontario. Ministry of Environment and Energy. Pollution prevention planning guidance document and workbook. Toronto : Queen's Printer, 1993. 89 p.

Contents: Introduction; Developing the pollution prevention plan; Developing & implementing prevention projects; Measuring progress; Maintaining the pollution prevention program; Economic analysis of pollution prevention projects; Designing environmentally compatible products; Energy & water efficiency and pollution prevention.

Abstract: This guidance document was developed for three reasons: to provide an introduction to the concepts and principles of pollution prevention planning and its implementation; to offer a model or approach to initiating (or re-orienting) a pollution prevention team planning exercise within an organization; and, to provide a series of easy to follow worksheets and checklists that would help guide the planning process from assessments through prioritization and on to implementation.

Pakistan. Environment and Urban Affairs Division. Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (PNCS) sector papers. Karachi, PK : International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1992. v.

Contents: v.1 Community participation: the first principle (Husain). v.3. Water for the 21st century (Mohtadullah). v.4 Pakistan's soil resources (Mian). v.10 Women, environment and development (Mumtaz). v.11. Managing municipal wastes (Tariq).

Parker, Nicholas. Task Force report on mobilizing the financial markets to promote eco-efficiency : overview document and provisional report structure. (Draft). London, Canada : Delphi Group, 1993. 20 p.

Contents: Changing course - the role of financial markets; Linking environmental and financial performance; Providing information: recording, reporting and rating; The response of the equity investor; The response of lenders - banks and bond markets; The response of insurers; The role of government; The emerging markets; The way forward.

Abstract: The report examines factors influencing the financial markets today which encourage or discourage eco-efficiency in companies as well as identifies what needs to be done to encourage the financial markets to favor eco-efficient companies and projects.

Pearce, David and Giles Atkinson. "Measuring sustainable development." Ecodecision (June 1993): p.64-66.

Pearce, David. Blueprint 3 [three] : measuring sustainable development. Toronto : Earthscan Canada, 1993. 224 p.

Contents: Pt.1 Sustainable development: Defining sustainable development, Conditions for sustainable development, Measures of economic progress; Pt.2 Sustainability and the state of the UK environment: Air quality, Water and water quality, Solid and hazardous waste, Biodiversity, Agriculture and the environment, Forestry, Transport and the environment; Pt.3 The political dimension: The UK and the global environment (Convention on Climate Change, Convention on Biological Diversity), Sustainable development: the political and institutional challenge.

Pinter, Laszlo, Peter Hardi and Lisa McRorie-Harvey. Performance measurement for sustainable development : compendium of experts, initiatives and publications. Winnipeg: International Institute for Sustainable Development, 1995. 301 p.

Contents: Experts and initiatives; Selected annotated bibliography

Abstract: Updates IISD's 1994 work "Measuring sustainable development performance: Canadian initiatives" in addition to broadening its scope to contain international contact list and annotated bibliography on sustainable development performance measurement and indicators.

Pinter, Laszlo. Measuring sustainability : bibliography and indicator matrices. Winnipeg: International Institute for Sustainable Development, 1994. 76 p.

Prescott, Jacques and Jean-Pierre Drapeau. Measuring the environmental impact of natural resource consumption. Ecodecision (Spring 1995): 76-79.

Race, Garry Leonard. Sustainable development indicators : the formulation and application of a minimalist set to four South Pacific island states. Otago, New Zealand: 1996. 158 p.

Notes: Master of Arts in Geography Thesis, University of Otago, New Zealand.

Contents: (Selected) 1 - Introduction; 2 - Industrialization and national development measurement; 3 - Sustainable development: identification of founding principles; 4 - Towards a minimalist set of sustainable development indicators; 5 - Characteristics of South Pacific island development; 6 - South Pacific islands case example: exploring the utility of a minimalist sustainable development indicator set; 7 - Minimalist indicator set limitations and the iterative process of refinement.

Abstract: This thesis sets out to develop and apply a minimalist set of sustainable development indicators to four South Pacific island states (Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji, and Western Samoa). The author argues that using a minimalist set of indicators is appropriate considering the uncertainties surrounding the meaning of sustainable development, limitations of incomplete statistical series and unreliable development data. The author notes that this method may be of particular importance for developing countries which most need to achieve sustainable development progress and yet have the least resources with which to achieve this goal.

Ralston, Kathleen and Chris Church. Working greener : sustainable work strategies for organisations, industry and business. London : Merlin Press, 1991. 152 p.

Contents: (Selected): Moving people to action (Forming a Sustainable Work Action Group); Working in sustainable ways (Applying the 3 rs: reduce, reuse and recycle; Using paper as if trees mattered, Energy for working, Energy-efficient buildings, Transporting people and products, Recovering, converting and disposing of waste, Developing green products, processes and services); Moving forward (Audits, review and assessments, Writing a strategy document, Actions for every workplace). Appendices contain Ten ways to save on packaging, Ten steps to a greener office.

Abstract: Aims to give shape, direction and suggestions for actions to achieve sustainable work practices in workplaces.

Renew America. Environmental success index. Washington, D. C.: Renew America, 1995.

Contents: 1 - Natural Resource Conservation: atmosphere, water, biodiversity, food and agriculture, public lands and open space protection, wildlife, oceans and coasts, forests and rangelands; 2 - Economic progress: renewable energy, growth management and regional planning, green buildings and green real estate development, hazardous waste reduction and recycling, pollution prevention, transportation efficiency, job creation, creating information and communication tools, energy efficiency, redefining progress and ecological economics, solid waste reduction and recycling; 3 - Human development : Family planning and population stabilization, community participation, community education, improved public health, institutional education, improved role of women and men, fairness and social justice.

Abstract: This index is a compilation of 1,600 of the most successful environmental programs that can be used as models for other communities to protect, restore and enhance the environment. The environmental programs in the index are divided into 26 categories under three major divisions that contribute to environmental sustainability, natural resource conservation, economic progress, and human development. Within categories programs are grouped according to the type of organization that administers the program: business, government or nonprofit. Within each division, programs are sorted alphabetically by state and within each state by city or town.

Robins, Nick. Getting eco-efficient. Geneva, CH : Business Council for Sustainable Development, 1993. 51 p.

Conference: Antwerp Eco-Efficiency Workshop (1st : 1993).

Contents: Workshop participants; Workshop agenda; A common thread: eco-efficiency (Faulkner); Competitive advantage through eco-efficiency (Fussler); Executive summary; Setting the scene; Eco-efficiency: what's at stake?; Developing a business vision of eco-efficiency; Status 1993: current best practice; Bottlenecks to eco-efficiency; Accelerating eco-efficiency; The way forward.

Abstract: Presents the proceedings of a workshop held in 1993 in Antwerp which brought together over 30 government, corporate and research experts to sketch out a vision of how business could serve its stakeholders more effectively and prosper in the more environmentally constrained world.

Samuels, R. and D. Prasad (eds.). Global warming and the built environment. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1994. 261 p.

Contents: Forward (Ehrlich); Introduction : global warming and the built environment - the challenge (Lane, Malkin); 1 - Environmental accountability: users, buildings and energy (Samuels); 2 - Environmental auditing and the built environment (Vinten); 3 - Human use of renewable energy to improve the global environment in the post-Bruntland era; 4 - The greenhouse effect and future urban development (Lowe); 5 - Urban design, transportation and greenhouse (Newman); 6 - Sustainable development, energy policy issues and greenhouse (Rodger); 7 - Energy and architectural form (O'Sullivan); 8 - Environmentally benign architecture: beyond passive (Cook); 9 - Energy efficiency and the non-residential building sector (Prasad); 10 - Principles of energy efficient residential design (Cassell); 11 - Technological options and sustainable energy welfare (Norgard, Christensen); 12 - Materials selection and energy efficiency (Baird).

Abstract: This book discusses the interaction between the built and natural environments, and charts the developments in social responsibility and environmental accountability, environmental and energy auditing, ecologically sustainable design, materials, and energy standards and labeling. Technological options and limitations and sustainable energy welfare are discussed, including attitudes for sustainability. The authors provide practical insights and techniques regarding design and management of buildings and urban settlements based on their own experiences and expertise. As well as discussing the issues and problems, they offer solutions which can be used by all those concerned with the effect of the built environment on global warming.

Schmidheiny, Stephan and Fedorico Zorraquin. Financing change : the financial community, eco-efficiency, and sustainable development. MIT Press, 1996. 211 p.

Contents: (Selected) Executive summary; I - The game: Eco-efficiency and the financial markets, Financial markets and the development process; II - The players: The company leaders, The investors and analysts, The bankers, The insurers, The accountants, The raters; III - The scorecard; Appendix: Statement by banks on the environment and sustainable development.

Abstract: This book poses the question, attempts to answer, and in the process makes tentative proposals on how financial markets could begin to support the goals of eco-efficiency and sustainable development. A number of conclusions are reached by the authors. Company leaders are urged to build a sustainable development reflex into corporate activities so that when the markets come to reward eco-efficiency company leaders will have their strategies in place. Methods must be found to help markets better understand the environment, probably by putting a price on it using market mechanisms and supplying the "owners" of capital with the necessary information so that they can influence those who make decisions on their behalf. Although leading banks have largely mitigated their own environmental risk exposure they should consider pursuing opportunities in reducing the risk of others. The insurance industry should use its experience with hazardous waste as a model for how to deal with the threat of climate change. Accountants should strive to help eco-efficient companies communicate their progress (and their business benefits) to the markets, and then help the markets understand the benefits so that they can bestow the necessary rewards. Finally, their is opportunity for eco-efficient companies to communicate their progress to the markets through the use of ratings. This may involve the traditional ratings companies.

Serageldin, Ismail. Sustainability and the wealth of nations : first steps in an ongoing journey. Environmentally Sustainable Development Studies and Monographs Series no.5. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1996. 21 p.

Contents: Introduction; On defining sustainability; A triangular framework; Sustainability as opportunity; Four kinds of capital; Defining levels of sustainability; Levels of sustainability; Application of the concept: measurement and valuation issues; Application of the concept: interaction issues; Adjusting national accounts; First results: sustainability and the wealth of nations; Next steps in an ongoing journey; Appendix: background data.

Serageldin, Ismail and Andrew Steers (eds). Making development sustainable : from concepts to action. Environmentally Sustainable Development Occasional Paper series no.2. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1994. 40 p.

Contents: Making development sustainable (Serageldin); Poverty and the environment (Mink); Gender and ecosystem management (Martin-Brown); The sociologist's approach to sustainable development (Cernea); The ecologist's approach to sustainable development (Rees); The economist's approach to sustainable development (Munasinghe); Measuring environmentally sustainable development (Steer and Lutz); Integrating the environment into development policymaking (Dixon and Margulis); The World Bank and the environment: a fourfold agenda (Dixon and Steer); Epilogue: expanding the captial stock (Serageldin and Steer).

Abstract: The essays in this volume attempt to capture the World Bank's current thinking on a number of key conceptual, methodological and practical issues, and to suggest the way forward.

Serageldin, Ismail, Richard Barrett and Joan Martin-Brown (eds). The business of sustainable cities. Environmentally Sustainable Development Proceedings series no.7. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1995. 39 p.

Contents: (selected): Sector framework and sectoral linkages; Energy: efficiencies, effectiveness, equity; Transport: getting there ... at what cost?; Waste or valuable resource?; Global partnerships: incentives and impediments; The World Bank's perspectives: pitfalls and prospects.

Abstract: In this report, international, national, non-governmental, and public and private business and industry leaders and officials present their approaches to urban energy, transportation, and solid waste services that advance environmentally sustainable development.

Sheehan, Beth. Performance measures/benchmarks. (s.l.): Maine Development Foundation, 1994?. Various.

Abstract: The paper provides a sample of performance measures/benchmarks developed by Minnesota, Oregon, and Connecticut used to measure their progress and to indicate when and if they arrived at their goals.

Singh, Naresh, Perpetua Kalala,Perpetua and Fanuel Nangati (eds). Adaptive strategies and sustainable livelihoods: policy issues : Zimbabwe. Winnipeg, MB: International Institute of Sustainable Development, 1995. 43 p.

Abstract: This report is a product of a research project that examined what informal knowledge systems in Africa could contribute to formal knowledge systems in the promotion of sustainable livelihoods. It focuses on the policy-level aspects of the project, discussing the main policies and institutional arrangements which have impacted the evolution and implementation of these adaptive strategies in Zimbabwe. It also presents summaries of the key community level findings; the environmental and socio-political stresses on these livelihood systems of Makaha and Mlambaphele in the Mudzi and Gwanda districts, respectively, of Zimbabwe; the environmental and socio-political stresses on these livelihood systems, their relationship with sustainable livelihoods and finally, the local indicators of sustainable livelihoods in the two communities.

Smith, Peggy, Grant Scott and Garry Merkel. Aboriginal forest land management guidelines : a community approach. Golden Lake, ON: National Aboriginal Forestry Association, 1995. 1v. in various pagings.

Contents: I - Introduction; II - Community participation; III - Administration and training; IV - Forest land management plan; V - Inventories and mapping; VI - Forest protection; VII - Access (roads, trails, waterways and air); VIII - Water and soil; IX - Protected or special management areas; X - Fire protection; XI - Biodiversity; XII - Insect and disease protection; XIII - Forest values; XIV - Fish and wildlife; XV - Non-timber vegetation; XVI - Range; XVII - Recreation and landscape; XVIII - Timber harvest and renewal.

Abstract: These guidelines are a tool developed by NAFA to help plan and carry out activities on forest lands used by Aboriginal peoples. The Guidelines describe those things that should be considered when planning and carrying out forest uses, including harvesting and renewing stands of timber, fish and wildlife management, range management, gathering, recreation and other forest-related activities such as spiritual ceremonies. These Guidelines aim to outline a high standard of care for Aboriginal forest lands by describing ways for a community to: minimize the negative impact of human disturbances such as logging, cattle grazing, hunting and trapping, recreation and other uses, and renew and protect vegetation, wildlife, soil, water, spiritual, cultural, wilderness and other forest values. These guidelines are not a rigid set of standards. They are intended to provide a framework for Aboriginal communities to develop their own forest land management plans.

Socolow, R. (et al). Industrial ecology and global change. New York : Cambridge University Press, 1994. 500 p.

Contents: Industrial ecology: definition and implementation (Graedel); Industrialization as a historical phenomenon (Grubler); Changing perceptions of vulnerability (Cantor and Rayner); The human dimension of vulnerability (Chen); Global industrialization: a developing country perspective (Huq); Human impacts on the carbon and nitrogen cycles (Ayres et al); Charting development paths: a multi country comparison of carbon dioxide emissions (Moomaw and Tullis); Reducing urban sources of methane: an experiment in industrial ecology (Hariss); Reducing carbon dioxide emissions in Russia (Kononov); Energy efficiency in China: past experience and future prospects (Zhenping); Roles for biomass energy in sustainable development (Williams); Soil as a vulnerable environmental system (Schnoor and Thomas); The vulnerability of biotic diversity (Schlesinger); Global ecotoxicology: management and science (Anderson); Industrial activity and metals emissions (Nriagu); Metals loading of the environment: cadmium in the Rhine Basin (Stigliani et al); Emissions and exposure to metals: cadmium and lead (Thomas and Spiro); Nuclear power: an industrial ecology that failed? (Berkhout); Product life-cycle management to replace waste management (Braungart); Industrial ecology in the manufacturing of consumer products (France and Thomas); Design for environment: a management perspective (Paton); Prioritizing impacts in industrial ecology (Graedel et al); Finding and implementing projects that reduce waste (Nelson); Free-lunch economics for industrial ecologists (Panayotou and Zinnes); Policies to encourage clean technology (Andrews); Initiatives in Lower Saxony to link ecology to economy (Griefahn); Military-civilian conversion and the environment in Russia (Golitsyn); The political economy of raw materials extraction and trade (Bunker); Development, environment and energy efficiency (Gadgil); The industrial ecology agenda (Andrews et al).

Abstract: The goal of industrial ecology is the evolution of the world's industrial activity into a sustainable and environmentally benign system. This book is a wide-ranging exploration of this new approach to environmental problems. With contributions from a broad range of disciplines - environmental science, technology assessment, economics, policy studies - the book lays out the range of concerns encompassed by industrial ecology.

Steer, Andrew and Erns Lutz. "Measuring environmentally sustainable development."Finance & Development(December : 1993): 20-23.

Abstract: A broader understanding of development requires broader measures of development that encapsulate social, equity, and environmental concerns. Care must be taken that aggregate measures of progress do not conceal more than they reveal. But promising work is underway to "green" national accounts.

Trzyna, Thaddeus C. and Julia K. Osborn (eds). A sustainable world : defining and measuring sustainable development. London : Earthscan, 1995. 272 p.

Contents: Sustainability: rhetoric or reality? (Munro); Knowledge for sustainable development: what do we need to know? (Viederman); Authentic development: is it sustainable? (Goulet); Sustainabilism and twelve other "isms" that threaten the environment in Latin America and the Caribbean (Gligo); Monitoring for sustainability (Rodenburg); Toward environmentally sustainable development: measuring progress (O'Connor); The European sustainability index project (Deelstra); Assessing progress toward sustainability: a new approach (MacPherson); Limitations in measuring ecosystem sustainability (Carpenter); Environmental indicators for Latin America and the Caribbean: tools for sustainability (Winograd); National economic indicators and sustainable development (Sheng); Poverty alleviation and sustainability: the case of Zimbabwe (Nhira); Learning our way out: indicators of social environmental learning (Finger and Kilcoyne); Linking sustainability indicators to performance goals at national and subnational levels (Corson).

Abstract: Sustainability and sustainable development have become the guiding principles of environmental policy and international development, but what do they really mean? How do we know if we are moving toward a sustainable world? The contributors to this volume address these questions from diverse backgrounds and a variety of perspectives - with the aim of translating ideas into practice.

United Kingdom. Department of the Environment. Indicators of sustainable development for the United Kingdom. London, GB: HMSO - Government Statistical Service, 1996. 196 p.

Contents: (Selected) 1 - Background and introduction: The UK Sustainable Development Strategy, What do we mean by sustainable development?, What are indicators?, Why do we need indicators?, Uses and limitations of indicators, International and other initiatives, Environmental accounting, Further work, Consultation; 2 - Theory underlying development of UK indicators: The indicators framework, The indicator model, What makes a good indicator?, Micro or local application of indicators, Interpretation of the indicators; 3 - Summary of the indicators package: a - The economy, b - Transport use, c - Leisure and tourism, d - Overseas trade, e - Energy, f - Land use, g - Water resources, h - Forestry, j - Fish resources, k - Climate change, l - Ozone layer depletion, m - Acid deposition, n - Air, p - Freshwater quality, q - Marine, r - Wildlife and habitats, s - Land cover and landscape, t - Soil, u - Minerals extraction, v - Waste, w - Radioactivity; 4 - The indicators - a preliminary set; Annex A: analysis of indicators by cross cutting issues; Annex B: Sources, references and details of measurement of individual indicators; Annex C: Bibliography of related indicator work.

Abstract: This publication contains a set of sustainable development indicators for the United Kingdom produced for discussion and consultation by an interdepartmental Working Group.

United Nations Environment Programme and SustainAbility Limited. Company environmental reporting : a measure of the progress of business and industry towards sustainable development. UNEPIE technical report no.24. Paris: UNEP, 1994. 118 p.

Contents: Appendices contain table of 100 pioneers, PERI and CEFIC reporting guidelines, Fifty reporting ingredients compared with some industry recipes, Directory of contacts, Examples of innovative reporting practice.

von Weizacker, Ernst, Amroy B. Lovins, Amory B. and L. Hunter Lovins. Factor four : doubling wealth - halving resource use. London: EarthScan, 1997. 224 p.

Wann, David. Deep design : pathways to a livable future. Washington: Island Press, 1996. 216 p

Contents: (Selected) Foreword (Hawken); 1 - Deep design: from the visionary to the pragmatic; 2 - The social-environmental connection: what do we want, and how can design deliver it?; 3 - Design at the molecular level: pathways to chemicals that fit; 4 - In search of the soft path: efficiency and renewable energy; 5 - Re-envisioning agriculture: pathways to regenerative systems; 6 - A near-perfect world, if you're a wheel: designing communities that work; 7 - Design criteria that work: how should we think about design?; 8 - Design for environment: making it better; 9 - The evolution of design species: toward a best-case scenario of diversity, conservation, and caretaking.

Abstract: This book introduces and discusses a new design philosophy that considers ecological as well as the sociological limits within the design process. The author considers different approaches to deep design that range from Aikido Engineering, a form of engineering that seeks to utilize natural forces and succeed through a path of least resistance, to industrial ecology where a systems approach is applied to materials and resource flows reaching beyond the actual production facility. Each approach is introduced and examples of their application are provided and discussed. Examples include the design of buildings, urban sewage treatment facilities, computers, communities, industrial facilities, wind generation systems and agriculture without pesticides.

Weisbord, Marvin R. Discovering common ground : how future search conferences bring people together to achieve breakthrough innovation, empowerment, shared vision, and collaborative action. San Francisco : Berrett-Koehler, 1992. 442 p

Contents: (Selected): Contextural searching: cases from waste management, nature tourism and personal support (Franklin and Morley); Northern entrepreneurs decide their future: applying the Quetico Model in Ontario (McIntosh and Wanlin); Rural international development: using the ICA model in Indian and Malaysia (Tuecke)

Weisbord, Marvin R. and Sandra Janoff. Future search : an action guide to finding common ground in organizations and communities. London : New Economics Foundation, 1995. 219 p.

Contents: Introduction; Section 1 - Learning: 1 - The future search meeting design: an overview of tasks and dynamics; 2 - Future search in action: learning from experience; 3 - Conditions for success; 4 - Road maps: theory into practice; 5 - Developing a future search design; Section 2 - Doing: 6 - Sponsoring a future search - how to know when the time is right; 7 - Planning I - getting started; 8 - Planning II - finishing the job; 9 - Facilitating - how to manage the roller coaster; 10 - After the conference; Section 3 - Resources: Appendix A - Logistics - conference sites, room set-up, and materials, Appendix B - Sample workbook, Appendix C - A future search design guide, Appendix D - Sample invitation letter.

Abstract: This book introduces the concept of the "future search". A future search is a large group planning meeting that brings a whole system into the room to explore participants' past, present, and desired future as a back-drop to planning. The authors describe principles and tools that can be used to create a context for rapid, innovative planning for an organization, business or community. A number of examples are given that show the use of these principles and tools in different settings. The authors also outline the problems that may occur when applying the future search approach.

Welfens, Maria J. and Nadja Schiemann. Environmental economics and sustainable development : an annotated bibliography = Umweltokonomie und zukunftsfahige Wirtschaft : eine annotierte bibliographie. Umwelt und Okonomie no.10. Heidelberg, Germany: Physica-Verlag , 1994. 209 p.

Contents: Introduction; Sustainable economy : general, global environmental policy, north-south-conflict, new welfare models; Environmental pollution, environmental protection : general, air pollution and air protection, water pollution and water management, land use and land protection, forest damage, nature protection, waste management; Economic growth, trade, and statistics : general, economic growth and welfare, economic and environmental accounting system, environment and trade, debt-for-nature-swap; Resource economics : general, material flows, recycling, material intensity per service unit; Environmental economics; general, public goods, externalities and internalization, economic cost-benefit-analysis, willingness to pay for environmental quality, environmental risk; New economic approaches : general, ecological economics and bioeconomics, ethical aspects and socio-economics, evolutionary economics and institutional economics; Enterprise and the environment : general, life cycle analysis and product life cycle analysis, environmental management, environmental auditing, green design; Instruments of environmental policy : general, environmental information systems, environmental charges and eco-taxes, marketable pollution permits, compensation schemes, subsidies, mediation, liability rules, environmental impact assessment, others; Environmental policy : general, cost-benefit analysis of environmental policy, national environmental policy, environmental policy in the EU, environmental policy in developing countries; Climate protection policy : general, global warming, reduction of CO2 emissions, climate protection, national and international; Energy policy : general, petroleum policy and coal policy, nuclear power, renewable energy resources, energy efficiency, national energy policy, energy policy in the EU, energy policy in developing countries; Transport policy : general, freight transport, public transport, transport policy - national and international; Structural change : general, regional structure, sectoral structure, industrial policy and technology policy, sustainable labour markets.

Wilson, Art, and Allen Tyrchniewicz. Agriculture and sustainable development : policy analysis on the Great Plains. Winnipeg : International Institute for Sustainable Development, 1995. 108 p.

Contents: (Selected): Development of agriculture on the Prairies; Issues in sustainable agriculture: Measurement of sustainability, Land use, Degradation of prairie soil resources, Preservation of biodiversity, Water use and quality on the prairies, Use of common property, Economic situation, Social problems on the Plains, Impacts of trade on sustainability, Trade and the environment, Federal and provincial policies, Global change; Analytical methodology (Contributions to measurement of sustainability, Principles for sustainable agriculture on the Prairies); Selected agriculture policies and sustainability (Selection of policy instruments, Assessment of the Western Grain Transportation Act, Economic instruments incorporated into the policy, Assessment of the Farm Products Marketing Agencies Act, Assessment of the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Act, Assessment of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan.

World Bank. Environment Department's Indicators and Environmental Valuation Unit. world Bank IEV. "Measure for measure : the expanding indicators toolkit." Environment Matters (Summer, 1996): 20-23.

Young, Michael D. Sustainable investment and resource use : equity, environmental integrity and economic efficiency. Man and the biosphere series no.9. Paris: UNESCO & International Coordinating Council of the Programme on Man and the Biosphere, 1992. 176 p.

Contents: (Selected) Linkages between economic and ecological theory; Necessary conditions and policy principles for sustainable resource use and investment; Building a sustainable economy: macro-economic policy opportunities: GDP, NDP and eco-GDP, Revenue collection, International trading arrangements, Exchange rate controls, Wealth transfer; Putting the environment into the market: micro-economic policy opportunities: The policy tool kit, Setting resource and environmental prices, Policy instrument choice; Regulations; Economic instruments that promote sustainable changes, Rewarding biodiversity maintenance.

Internet Sources

International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT). "CIAT-UNEP Environmental and Sustainability Indicators : Workshop Report." Land Management at CIAT. Internet. http://www.ciat.cgiar.org/land/indicators/ciaune.html

International Institute for Sustainable Development. "Measurements and Indicators for Sustainable Development." IISDnet. Internet. http://iisd1.iisd.ca/measure/default.htm

MacGillivray, Alex and Simon Zadek. "Briefing: Accounting for change : The role of sustainable development indicators." Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Global Environmental Change Programme. Internet.

http://www.susx.ac.uk:80/Units/gec/pubs/brf-nef.htm

Mitchell, Gordon. "Problems and fundamentals of sustainable development indicators." University of Leeds. Environment Centre. Quantifiable Cities Project. Internet. http://www.lec.leeds.ac.uk:80/research/keysdi.html

Netherlands Design Institute. "INFO - ECO : Doors of Perception 3 (1995)."Doors of Perception. Internet. http://www.design-inst.nl/doors/doors3.html

Sustainable Seattle. "Indicators 95." Sustainable Seattle. Internet.http://www.scn.org/sustainable/Indicators/indicators95/indicators95.html

Tschirley, Jeff. "Use of Indicators in Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development."Sustainable Development Dimensions : Information Service of the FAO Sustainable Development Department. Internet. http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/SUSTDEV/EPdirect/EPan0001.htm

UNCHS (Habitat) Indicators Programme. "Indicators : Overview - contents." Habitat II : Second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements. Internet. http://www.cedar.univie.ac.at/habitat/incountry/indicators/overview.html

World Bank. The Environment Department. "Monitoring Environmental Progress." The Environment Department Publications. Internet. http://www-esd.worldbank.org/html/esd/env/publicat/mep/meptoc.htm

World Business Council for Sustainable Development. "Eco-Efficiency and Cleaner Production: Charting the Course to Sustainability. "World Business Council for Sustainable Development. Internet. http://www.wbcsd.ch:80/prodoc/clean.html

World Resources Institute (et al.). "Seven basic economic indicators. "World Resources 1996-97 : A guide to the global environment Internet. http://www.wri.org/wri/wr-96-97/ei_txt1.html

Contact Organizations

Friends of the Earth International (FOE) P. O. Box 19199, 1000 GD Amsterdam, Netherlands phone: (31)20 622 1369; fax: (31)20 639 2180; email: foeint@hacktlc.nl

New Economics Foundation (NEF) 1st floor, Vine Court, 112 Whitechapel Road, London, UK E1 1JE phone: (44)171 377 5696; fax: (44)171 277 5720 http://sosig.ac.uk/NewEconomics/newecon.html

Redefining Progress One Kearny Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA U.S.A. 94108-5501 phone: (415)781-1191; fax: (415)781-1198

United Nations Environment Programme/Industry and Environment Office (UNEPIE) Tour Miabeau 39-43, quai Andre Citroen Paris CEDEX 15 75739, France phone: (33)1 44 37 14 50; fax: (33)1 44 37 14 74; email: unepie@unep.fr http://www.unepie.org/home.html

World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) 160 Route de Florissant, CH-123, Chanches-Geneva, Switzerland phone: (41-22)839 3100; fax: (41-22)839 3131 http://www.wbcsd.ch

Worldwatch Institute 1776 Massachusetts Ave. N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036 U.S.A. phone: (202)452-1999; fax: (202)296-7365; Email: worldwatch@igc.apc.org http://www.worldwatch.org:80/index.html

Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy P. O. Box 100480 D-42004 Wuppertal, Germany phone: (49-0)202 2492-0; fax: (49-0)202 2492-108

Date Last updated: February 20, 1996