Resources

Conflict-sensitive conservation provides an analytical and decision-making framework to help organizations and conservationists integrate conflict-sensitivity into their work, so that they can better understand the conflict risks and peace-building opportunities associated with conserving and sustainably managing biodiversity. These ideas are laid out in the CSC Manual.

There are three main sections to the CSC Manual. Section 1 focuses on understanding the links between conservation and conflict. Section 2 provides guidance to conservation organizations trying to integrate conflict-sensitivity into their culture and work. Section 3 is more practical, taking users through a number of tools designed to help them identify and respond to the ways that their conservation activities interact with the peace and conflict context. Finally, the Annexes provide the user with supporting materials.

The Manual is targeted at non-governmental organizations (NGOs) designing and implementing field-level conservation activities, and protected area management authorities.

• Download the full CSC Manual
  English (PDF - 15 MB) - Français (PDF - 15 MB) - Español (PDF - 7.2 MB).

• Download Section 1: Conservation and Conflict (PDF - 5 MB)

• Download Section 2: Making Your Organization More Conflict-Sensitive (PDF - 1.5 MB)

• Download Section 3: Making Your Conservation Work More Conflict-Sensitive (PDF - 6.5 MB)

• Download Section 4: Annexes (PDF - 1.3 MB)

Research

• MEAs, Conservation and Conflict: A case study of Virunga National Park, DRC (PDF - 2.4 MB)
  Alec Crawford, Johannah Bernstein, 2008

• Gorillas in the Midst: Assessing the peace and conflict impacts of International Gorilla Conservation Programme (IGCP) activities (PDF - 2.7 MB)
  Anne Hammill, Alec Crawford, 2008

• Conserving the Peace: Analyzing the links between conservation and conflict in the Albertine Rift (PDF - 276 KB)
  Anne Hammill, Oli Brown, March 2006

• Protected areas and the security community (PDF - 130 KB)
  Anne Hammill, 2006

• Hope and Change are Far from Reality for Congolese and a Threatened Environment (PDF - 205 KB)
  Alec Crawford

• Promoting Conflict-Sensitivity in Transboundary Protected Areas: A role for peace and conflict impact assessments (PDF - 67 KB)
  Anne Hammill, Charles Besançon, 2003.

• Conservation in Conflict: The impact of the Maoist-Government conflict on conservation and biodiversity in Nepal (PDF - 411 KB)
  Mark Murphy, Krishna Prasad Oli, Steve Gorzula, 2005

• Nepal - Rethinking conservation strategy in times of conflict (PDF - 117 KB)
  Oli Brown, 2004

• Report from World Parks Congress on the Conservation, Peace and Human Security Workshops, September 2003 (PDF - 237 KB)
  International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2003

Books

• Conserving the Peace: IUCN/IISD E&S Task Force
  Richard Matthew, Mark Halle, Jason Switzer, 2002

Field reports

• Conflict-Sensitive Conservation in Nyungwe National Park: Conflict analysis
  Alec Crawford, IISD, 2012.
  In September 2011 the Wildlife Conservation Society and the International Institute for Sustainable Development initiated a two-year collaborative project on conflict-sensitive conservation in Nyungwe National Park, in southwest Rwanda. The collaboration focuses on building the capacity of the Rwanda Development Board and Nyungwe-area district representatives to understand, manage and resolve conflicts. The work is funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development.

• Healing the Rift: Peacebuilding in and around protected areas in the Democratic Republic of Congo's Albertine Rift
  Deo Kujirakwinja, Papy Shamavu, Anne Hammill, Alec Crawford, Arcel Bamba, Andy Plumptre, Unpublished report to USAID, 2010.

• Conflict-Sensitive Conservation: Field report from Queen Elizabeth National Park (PDF - 582 KB)
  Rob Craig, Conservation Development Centre

• Renforcement de la capacité de l'ICCN à la gestion et la résolution des conflits lies aux ressources naturelles dans le Parc National des Virunga (PDF - 921 KB)
  Deo Kujirakwinja, Joseph Matunguru, Wildlife Conservation Society

• Renforcement de la capacité de l'ICCN à la gestion et la résolution des conflits lies aux ressources naturelles dans le Parc National de Kahuzi-Biéga (PDF - 395 KB)
  Robert Kasisi, University of Montreal, and Oli Brown, International Institute for Sustainable Development

Links to other relevant resources

Conflict-sensitivity

• Africa Peace Forum, et al. (2004). Conflict-Sensitive Approaches to Development, Humanitarian Assistance and Peacebuilding: A resource pack. Africa Peace Forum, Center for Conflict Resolution, Consortium of Humanitarian Agencies, Forum on Early Warning and Early Response, International Alert and Saferworld. Available at: www.conflictsensitivity.org

• Anderson, M.B. (1999). Do No Harm: How aid can support peace—or war. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

• Bush, K. (2006). Hands-On PCIA: A Handbook for Peace and Conflict Impact Assessment (PCIA). Ottawa: St. Paul University.

• CARE. (2001). Benefit Harms Handbook. Atlanta: CARE. Available at: www.careinternational.org.uk/download.php?id=141

• Conflict Prevention and Post-Conflict Reconstruction Network. (2005). Peace and Conflict Impact Assessment (PCIA) Handbook, Version 2.2. The CPR Network. Available at: http://cern.ch/cpr/library/Tools/PCIA_HandbookEn_v2.2.pdf

Conservation and conflict

• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2002). Community-Based Forest Resource Conflict Management: Training package. Rome: FAO. Available at: www.fao.org/docrep/005/Y4300E/Y4300E00.HTM

• Hammill, A., and Crawford, A. (2008). Gorillas in the Midst: Assessing the peace and conflict impacts of International Gorilla Conservation Programme (IGCP) activities. Winnipeg: IISD. Available at: www.iisd.org/pdf/2008/gorillas_in_the_midst.pdf

• Hammill, A., and Brown, O. (2006). Conserving the Peace: Analyzing the links between conservation and conflict in the Albertine Rift. Winnipeg: IISD. Available at: www.iisd.org/pdf/2008/conserving_peace_albertine_rift.pdf

• Lewis, C. (1996). Managing Conflicts in Protected Areas. Gland: IUCN.

• Matthew, R., Halle, M., and Switzer, J. (2002). Conserving the Peace: Resources, livelihoods and security. Winnipeg: IISD-IUCN. Available at: www.iisd.org/pdf/2002/envsec_conserving_peace.pdf

• Shambaugh, J., Oglethorpe, J., and Ham, R., with contributions from S. Tognetti. (2001). Trampled Grass: Mitigating the impacts of armed conflict on the environment. Washington, D.C.: The Biodiversity Support Program. Available at: www.worldwildlife.org/bsp/publications/africa/139/titlepage.htm

• Warner, M. (2001). Complex Problems, Negotiated Solutions. London: Overseas Development Institute.

Natural resources and conflict

• Buckles, D. (Ed.) (1999). Cultivating Peace: Conflict and collaboration in Natural Resource Management. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre. Available at: www.idrc.ca/en/ev-9398-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html

• Matthew, R., Brown, O., and Jensen, D. (2009). From Conflict to Peacebuilding: The role of natural resources and the environment. Geneva: United Nations Environment Programme. Available at: www.iisd.org/pdf/2009/conflict_peacebuilding.pdf