To develop a framework for evaluation it is necessary to have a basic understanding of the project process to which the evaluation framework will apply. The most basic model for the generic project consists of a linear flow represented by three boxes. The main components in this flow are the OUTPUTS, the USERS and the RESULTS. The arrows between the boxes represent processes; the first is the process of transmission and the second is the process of use.

A model of the project structure to which the evaluation framework applies.

OUTPUTS are the tangible products of the first stage of Project activities. Outputs are targeted towards specific user groups or communities. For example, one output may be a set of policy recommendations for the local government; more specifically the forest department

USERS represent the community or individual for which the outputs are intended. The output must be transmitted to the USER (e.g., the decision maker within the forest department, women within a rural community, etc.).

Finally, the user may use this output and this use may manifest itself in change. For example, the local decision maker within the forest department may change the way in which he or she makes decisions regarding the resource base surrounding the village. This change in decision-making, attributable to output use, is a RESULT.

Therefore, the evaluation consists of determining whether or not the user received the outputs and whether or not the user used the outputs to achieve results. Once these project mechanics (transmission, reception, use, and change) are established, the resultant change can be examined to determine whether or not this change is in accordance with the broadly defined goals of sustainable livelihoods.

However, project mechanics are more complex when a number of the links between component parts are recognized. It is important to be cognizant of these links in order to structure an effective evaluation. First, the users, rather than being the passive recipients of the outputs, may have largely informed the process of output creation. Therefore, although the users and outputs are separate entities, they do not exist in isolation of one another. Secondly, the initial project process may lead to change within the communities, rather than solely output use. This change, although not by definition "results", should be captured within the evaluation process.