South America

The South American experience, with regional integration, is a clear illustration of the increasing appeal of regionalism and a constant reminder of its main challenges.

Over time, the continent became divided between two distinct economic blocs: countries belonging to Mercosul (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and recently Venezuela) and the Andean Group, led by Chile and Peru. The first bloc is defined by relative protectionist economic policies, while the latter is increasingly pushing forward with trade liberalisation—having already signed several Free-Trade Agreements (FTAs) with the EU, U.S. and some Asian countries.

The challenges faced in the region have also highlighted the necessity of discovering new paths that will allow South American countries to explore their comparative advantages, while fulfilling their environmental and social responsibilities toward sustainable development.

Historically in trade negotiations, South American countries have exposed a rather defensive attitude towards issues associated with sustainable development, specifically the relationship between trade and environment. However, there has been a significant shift in recent years towards a greater understanding and incorporation of these issues into economic and political thinking. The TKN will be working closely with our partners in the region to strengthen research and influence policy making, to address the impact of trade and investment policies on sustainable development.

Research

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