[ Back to Hot Topics ]

Common Security…Selected Sources

Compiled by the Information for Sustainable Development Project Team - IISD

---

Books and Articles

Abdel Rahim, Nafissa. Greenwar environment and conflict. London: Panos Institute, 1991. 156 p.

Abu Zayd Ahmed and Abdul Rahman. War wounds : development costs of conflict in southern Sudan : Sudanese people report on their war. London : Panos Institute, 1988. 163 p.

AIESEC International. The challenge of cooperation [proceedings of the Conference] 22-26 August 1990. AIESEC global seminar series. Tokyo : AIESEC-Japan, 1990. 1 v. (loose-leaf).

Notes: Title varies: AIESEC World Theme Conference: sustainable development: the challenge of cooperation Conference: World Theme Conference (1990 : Tokyo).

Contents: Population and human needs: Population, Food security, Urbanization, Development and social structure; Industry and the International economic system: Industry and environment, New technology and technology transfers, International trade; Environmental disruption and natural resources: Energy, Global warming, Waste disposal, Reforestation; International cooperation and policy making: the role of the public sector: Management and environment, Cooperation, Politics for sustainable development

Annis, Sheldon (et al). Poverty, natural resources, and public policy in Central America. U.S.-Third world policy perspectives no.17. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1992. 199p.

Contents: Overview; A call for Central American peace parks; Citizen participation and the reform of development assistance in Central America; Inventing institutions for conservation: lessons from Costa Rica; Equity and the environment in the promotion of nontraditional agriculture exports; Land taxation, the poor and sustainable development.

Abstract: The book addresses several future-oriented questions: What kinds of regional arrangements can address cross-border environmental problems? How can the new social energy and political activism of the poor be better incorporated into the political process? What types of public-sector institutions need to be created to link the sometimes contrary objectives of poverty alleviation and resource conservation? What agricultural strategies will the region need to embrace? What can be done about the inherent maldistribution of land in market-oriented economies?

Bapna, Ashok . International interdependence and global underdevelopment. New York: Praeger, 1988. 86 p.

Contents: (Selected): Science and peace (Salam); Egalitarian international economic order (Mathur); Global interdependence and multilateralism: an IFAD perspective (Jazairy); Poverty focused approach to development policy (Adelman); Towards more durable Indo-US relationship in the next decade Galbraith); Third World militarization: challenge to Third World diplomacy (Mehta); Full employment as a global objective (Jha); Adjustment with a human face (Jolly)

Abstract: Result of International Conference organized in Jaipur, India, December 1986 as follow-up to eighth World Congress of the International Economic Association, New Delhi, 1986

Bergesen, Helge Ole. Environment, security and politicians : do they really mean (and know) what they are saying? Proposal for a litmus test of commitment to global environmental regimes.. EED report no.1990/12. Lysaker, NO: Center for Economic Analysis, 1990.

Bertell, Rosalie. "Exposing the agenda of the military establishment". Ecodecision (September 1993): 81-82.

Bertrand, Maurice. Global security and risk management : ideological and institutional transformations at the end of the 20th [twentieth] century. Geneva : World Federation of United Nations Associations, 1991. 11 p.

Beversluis, Joel D. (ed) A sourcebook for Earth's community of religions. Grand Rapids, Michigan: CoNexus Press, 1995. 366 p.

Contents: Making the connections; African traditional religions; The Baha'i faith; Buddhism; Christianity; Confucianism; First Peoples and native traditions; Hinduism; Humanism; Islam; Jainism; Judaism; Shinto; Sikhism; Spiritual, esoteric and evolutionary philosophies; Taoism; The Unification Church; Wicca and nature spirituality; Zoroastrianism; Joining the sacred community; Legacies of the parliaments; The 1993 parliament of the world's religions; A global ethic; Religions united?; Toward spiritual concord; Interfaith dialogue; Facing intolerance, violence and other evils; Religions and good governance; The United Nations at 50; Earth Day, every day; Human rights and religions freedom; Hunger; Population; Values and social development; Weapons and disarmament; A culture of peace; The next generations; Women are speaking out; Science and religion; Voices of dispossessed and indigenous peoples; What do we do now?; Service organizations and resource centers; Print, audio and video resources; A global brain.

Abstract: The book presents religions, spiritual and humanistic philosophies, and indigenous views and how they can help modern societies resolve global issues such as environmental destruction, population pressures, hunger and interreligious conflict. It contains more than 300 articles, essays and quotations and nearly 400 resource listings.

Binswanger, Hans P. and Pierre Landell-Mills. The World Bank's strategy for reducing poverty and hunger : a report to the development community. Environmentally sustainable development studies and monographs no.4. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1995. 56 p.

Note: Conference on Overcoming Global Hunger (1993 : Washington, D.C.)

Contents: Growth, poverty and hunger; Causes of hunger and elements of food security; World Bank's strategy to reduce poverty and hunger; Poverty and hunger during structural adjustment; Participation and decentralization; Specific actions and programs; Urgent low-cost actions to reduce hunger; Food supplementation; Improving effectiveness of food aid and dealing with famines; Interventions to improve the incomes of the poor and hungry; Agricultural research and extension; World Bank Actions.

Abstract: This report is the result of discussions within the Bank as well as dialogues with NGOs and other international agencies concerned with poverty and hunger. It summarizes Bank policy on these issues and details a coordinated program of actions that the Bank, in collaboration with other organizations, will promote in the next few years.

Blackburn, J. Walton and Willa Marie Bruce (eds). Mediating environmental conflicts : theory and practice. Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 1995. 309 p.

Contents: Introduction; Mediation and the new environmental agenda (Reed); Environmental mediation: what do we know and how do we know it? (O'Leary); Mediating environmental disputes: borrowing ideas from a law and economics perspective (Maida); Training environmental mediators: a community-based approach (Allen); Midwest energy utilities (Dworkin and Jordan); The problems of designing environmental mediation for small communities (Klase); Beyond the limits: dispute resolutions of intractable environmental conflicts (Burgess and Burgess); Evaluating ADR as an approach to citizen participation in siting a low-level nuclear waste facility (Clary and Hornney); Negotiating community consensus in preparing environmental impact statements (Richardson); Consensus building to write environmentally responsive rules for Maine's new transportation policy (Bogdonoff); The ethics of environmental mediation (Stephens et al); Assuring justice in cross-cultural environmental mediation (Blackford and Matunga); Regulatory negotiation: learning from experiences at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Ryan); Environmental mediation: keys to success at the local government level (Wood and Guy); Mediating the Idaho wilderness controversy (Baird et al); The inland northwest field burning summit: a case study (Mangerich and Luton); Environmental mediation theory and practice: challenges, issues and needed research and theory development (Blackburn)

Abstract: Provides an examination of environmental mediation by 28 experts from diverse perspectives as well as stresses the need for mediated dispute resolution as an alternative to litigation. Case studies analyze nuclear waste siting, highway design, wilderness designation, field burning, and Environmental Impact Statement development.

Boulden, Jane and David Cox. The guide to Canadian policies on arms control, disarmament, defence and conflict resolution Ottawa : Canadian Institute for Peace and Security, 1992. 333 p.

Contents: Reviews major developments in the field of international peace and security from Aug. 1991- Aug.1992, and surveys Canadian political statements and parliamentary debates on these issues.

Boulding, Kenneth E. Towards a new economics : critical essays on ecology, distribution and other themes. Economists of the twentieth century. Brookfield: Edward Elgar Publishing, 1993. 344 p.

Notes: A selection of the author's most important recent papers and essays. Includes bibliographical autobiography.

Contents: (Selected): The grants economy; International economic relations (The role of conflict in the dynamics of society, An economic assessment of unilateral national defense, Unilateral national defense organizations: an economic analysis of non-economic structures, The role of organized non violence in achieving stable peace); Ecological economics (The unimportance of energy, Development as evolution towards human betterment, Population factors in development economics)

Boutros-Ghali, Boutros. An agenda for peace : preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and peace-keeping. New York: United Nations, 1992. 53 p.

Notes: Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to the statement adopted by the Summit Meeting of the Security Council on 31 Jan 1992.

Brimer, L., Lars Krogh and Marlene Meyer (eds). Natural resources and social conflicts in the Sahel : proceedings of the fifth Sahel workshop, 4-6 January 1993. Aahus, Denmark: Aarhus University Press, 1994. 232 p.

Contents: (Selected): The project "Right to education" in Burkino Faso (Fries); Gender relations and economic transformations among the Hausa in Niger (Lefebvre); Impact of demographic changes on the interrelations between health, water and the environment-the schistosomiasis experience (Ndamba); Trees as tools for the reconstruction of sustainable rural production systems (Poulsen);Ignoring turbulence in planning: some lessons, experiences and principles of chaos, hazard and conflict from the Horn of Africa (Spooner); Population and social conflicts-household strategies for dealing with risk and ensuring survival in the Sahel (Tbulmin); Note on pest management in the Sahel (Zethner).

Abstract: Papers and abstracts read at the 5th Sahel Workshop, Sandbjerg Manor, Denmark, 4-6 January 1993. Topics covered social conflicts, management of natural resources and food-and-cash crop production.

British Columbia. Commission on Resources and Environment. The provincial land use strategy. Victoria: The Commission, 1994. 4 v. in 1.

Contents: v.1 A Sustainability Act for British Columbia: consolidating the progress, securing the future. v.2 Planning for sustainability: improving the planning delivery system for British Columbia. v.3 Public participation: rights and responsibilities, Community Resource Boards. v.4 Dispute resolution: developing a comprehensivesystem, ensuring fairness and effectiveness

Brown, Valerie A. (et al) . Risks and opportunities: managing environmental conflict and change.

London: Earthscan, 1995. 208 p.

Contents: Managing environmental conflicts; Managing environment change; Managing conflict and change: a learning programme.

Abstract: Managing today's rapidly changing environment inevitably involves manging conflicts - between the demands of development and conservation; the needs of the present and of the future; and between different community interests, professional positions and political priorities. The authors explore the full range of potential conflicts and look at various methods for their resolution.

Bush, Kenneth. Climate change, global security, and international governance : a summary of proceedings of a conference...Ottawa, 11-12 April, 1990. Canadian Institute for International Peace and Security working paper no.23. Ottawa: The Institute, 1990. 59 p.

Conference: Conference on Climate Change and Global Security (1990 :Ottawa)

Abstract: Conference focused on the political, social and economic consequences of climate change and the linkage between the world's economy and ecology, in terms of how policy decisions are taken and their implications for ecological sustainability

Canada 21 Council. Canada 21 : Canada and common security in the twenty-first century Toronto: The University of Toronto. Centre for International Studies, 1994. 85, 93 p.

Notes: Text in English and French

Canada. Status of Women Canada. Canada's national report to the United Nations for the fourth World Conference on Women. Ottawa, Canada: 1995. 85 p.

Contents: Review and appraisal at the national level; Changes since the early 1980s; Mechanisms at all levels to promote the advancement of women; Awareness of, and commitment to, internationally and nationally recognized women's human rights; Poverty; Women's access to, and participation in, the definition of economic structures and policies and the productive process itself; Access to education, health, employment and other means to maximize awareness of women's human rights and the use of the capacities; Violence against women; Effects on women of continuing national and international armed or other kinds of conflict; Use of mass media to promote women's positive contributions to society; Adequate recognition and support for women's contribution to managing natural resources and safeguarding the environment; Review and appraisal of international support; Future strategic goals and objectives.

Abstract: This report provides information on Canada's national and international activities and accomplishments that address the needs of Canadian women and that will bring them closer to equality with men.

Cetron, Marvin and Owen Davies. Fifty trends shaping the world. Bethesda, MD: World Future Society, 1991. 11 p.

Abstract: The nuclear threat that kept antagonists at bay for the last four decades has largely been removed. While much turmoil has resulted, trends toward new alliances and cooperation to solve global problems bode well for sustaining peace.

Chu, Cordia M. and Rod Simpson. Ecological public health : from vision to practice. Toronto: ParticipACTION, 1994. 276 p.

Contents: (Selected): Ecologically sustainable development and health: vision and rationale (Econology: health and sustainable development (Labonte), Sustainability, equity, peace and the (green) politics of health (Hancock), Urbanization: a major environmental challenge to health (Simpson)); Integrating environment and health: conceptual framework, methods and tools (Assessing community needs and integrated environmental impact assessment (Chu), Tools for sustainability: iteration and implementation (UBC Task Force on Health and Sustainable Communities); Building an ecological public health: practice and case examples; Healthy workplaces; Health services sector (Green hospital award scheme); Healthy cities and communities. Case examples from Australia, and Asian and Pacific countries

Abstract: Proceedings of a conference and workshop held April 1990 in Canberra, Australia on Integrating health and environment, and on the use of environmental impact assessment in public health management and planning.

Chung, Hwangun and Kevin O'Rourke. A new world : principles for human life and peace. Seoul: Shin Cheon Ji, 1989. 63 p.

Contents: Human life; Man and the Earth; Freedom and coexistence; Highway to harmony; A world federation.

Abstract: A collection of verse on the subject of peace.

Clarke, Robin. Water : the international crisis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993. 185 p.

Contents: Water scarcity; Water needs; Water and climate; The degradation of land and water; Living with water scarcity; Water and development; Water and interanational conflict; High tech solutions; Traditional solutions; New twists to old solutions; Towards world water security

Abstract: The author describes the economics and the politics that have led to today's freshwater shortage and observes that inappropriate water resources development is a major factor in the degradation of land and water.

Cleveland, Harlan. Birth of a new world: an open moment for international leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1993. 260p.

Contents: "Cleveland analyzes what works and why in the politics of international security, trade, money, and the environment. Exploring topics from the Gulf War to the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro to Boris Yeltsin's efforts to cut nuclear arms, he outlines a detailed strategy for what must be done to 'make the world safe for diversity.'" He was assistant secretary of state in the Kennedy administration and U.S. ambassador to NATO under President Lyndon Johnson. Forward by Robert McNamara.

Cleveland, Harlan, Hazel Henderson and Inge Kaul, (eds). "Special issue : the United Nations at fifty : policy and financing alternatives". Futures : the journal of forecasting, planning and policy 27 (2 : March 1995): 107-269. 162 p.

Contents: The United Nations : its future is its funding (Cleveland); New markets and new commons : opportunities in the global casino (Henderson); Where is globalization taking us ? : why we need a new 'Bretton Woods' (Miller); Financing the United Nations' operations : a frustrating nightmare (Cardenas, Sersale di Cerisano, Avalle); Financing the United Nations : some possible solutions (Childers); A new system to finance the United Nations (Orville, Najman); Beyond financing : giving the United Nations power of the purse (Kaul); Restructuring economic and financial power : The potential role of a foreign exchange-transaction levy (Langmore); The Tobin tax proposal : background, issues and prospects (Felix); The United Nations Security Insurance Agency (UNSIA) proposal : a preliminary assessment (Smith); Financing civil society for a global responsibility (Cassani); Alternative funding : looking beyond the nation-state (Bezanson, Mendez); Innovative resource management for social development; reforming the UN : the view of the American people (Kay); From Rio to Copenhagan (Strong); Rethinking Bretton Woods (Griesgraber); Evolution of the market economy : the responsibility and contribution of business (Giscard d'Estaing); Other reform initiatives for global peace and development; The Commission on global governance; Working group on the future of the United Nations system; Charter of the Global Commission to fund the United Nations; State of the United Nations: decline or regeneration in the next 50 years.

Abstract: A collection of papers that discuss the present state of the United Nations and possible reforms that should be made in terms of both policy and finance.

Commission on Global Governance. Our global neighborhood . Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press, 1995. 410 p.

Contents: (Selected): Military transformations (The arms trade, Rise in civil conflict, Widespread violence); Economic trends (Persistent poverty, Eastern Europe's experience, Private sector); Social and environmental change (Population, Global media, Agents of change in civil society, Empowerment of people); Values for the global neighborhood (Global civic ethic, Combating corruption); Promoting security (Ending the threat of mass destruction: Eliminating nuclear weapons, The non-proliferation treaty, Chemical and biological weapons, Military spending, Arms transfers, Inculcating a culture of non-violence); Managing economic interdependence (Global decision making, Regionalism and informal multilateralism, An apex body: an Economic Security Council, Rules for trade and international competition : Trade and the WTO, Towards a strengthened multilateral trade regime; The IMF and global economic stability; Development assistance and the fight against poverty, Migration, Protecting the environment: Sustainable development and Agenda 21, Market instruments and the environment, The global commons, Principles of global environmental governance); Reforming the United Nations (Security Council, General Assembly, Trusteeship, Global civil society (Non governmental organizations, A people's assembly), Reforming UN economic and social operations, UNCTAD and UNIDO, Putting women at the centre; Strengthening the rule of law world-wide (The Security Council and the world court, Promoting international law); Call to action: Summary of commission proposals.

Abstract: Deals with how the world has been transformed since 1945, making changes necessary in our governance arrangement. Recommends promoting security (including the security of people and the planet), for managing economic interdependence, for reforming the United Nations in ways that also offer a larger role to people through the organizations of international civil society and for extending on the global stage the rule of law.

Conca, Ken, Michael Alberty and Geoffrey D Dabelko (eds). Green planet blues : environmental politics from Stockholm to Rio. Boulder, Co: Westview Press, 1995. 328 p.

Contents: Two decades of global environmental politics (Conca et al); The limits to growth (Meadows et al); Environment and development: the case of the developing countries (Augusto and Castro); The tragedy of the commons (Hardin); No tragedy of the commons (Buck); The tragedy of the commons: twenty-two years later (Geeny et al); The scarcity society (Ophuls); Laws, states and super-states: international law and the environment (Johnston); The shadow ecologies of western economics (MacNeill); Global technopolitics (Pirages); The green revolution: the American environmental movement 1962-1992 (Sale); The emergence of the environmental movement in Eastern Europe and its role in the revolutions of 1989 (Fisher); Fight for the forest (Gross); Ozone diplomacy (Benedick); Ozone layer depletion and global warming (Rowlands); Skinning scientific cats (Jasanoff); Global warming in an unequal world: a case of environmental colonialism (Agarwal and Narain); Appraising the Earth Summit: how should we judge UNCED's success? (Haas et al); The case for free trade (Bhagwati); The perils of free trade (Daly); The emperor's new clothes: the World Bank and environmental reform (Rich); The role of the World Bank (Piddington); Towards sustainable development; Whose common future? (Lohman); Sustainable development: a critical review (Lele); Environmental scarcities and violent conflict (Homer-Dixon); Environmental security: how it works (Myers); The case against linking environmental degradation and national security (Deudney); For whose benefit? redefining security (Saad); The need for eco-justice (Kelly); Statement to UNCED (Mohamad); Women, poverty and population: issues for the concerned environmentalist (Sen); Two agendas on Amazon development (COICA).

Abstract: The book begins with a discussion of some of the dominant paradigms and controversies that shaped debate at the time of the Stockholm Conference, and during the conference itself. The material in Part I focuses in particular on the two most provocative and influential ideas of the Stockholm era: first the notion that there are inherent "limits to growth" on a planet of finite natural resources and limited ecological resilience; and second, the claim that self-interested individual behavior often adds up to a global tragedy of the commons. The second part examines how the structure of the international system shapes the types of problems we face and the types of solutions we can imagine. Parts III and IV then turn to examine the challenges of international cooperation and institutional reform. The volume concludes with three powerful and controversial new paradigms that crystallized in the two decades between Stockholm and Rio: sustainable development, environmental security and ecological justice.

Cranna, Michael (ed) . The true cost of conflict. London: Earthscan, 1994. 208 p.

Contents: The East Timor conflict; The Iraq conflict; The Kashmir conflict; The Mozambique conflict; The Peru conflict; The Sudan conflict; The former Yugoslavia conflict; What is to be done?

Abstract: This books discusses the full costs of conflict, using seven detailed case studies from around the world. It examines the human costs of war, the deaths, the casualties and immediate victims as well as assesses the social, developmental and environmental consequences. It also goes further to calculate the economic costs to both the countries involved and their trading and investing partners, and asks who ultimately benefits, strategically or economically from conflict.

Dalhousie University Centre for Foreign Policy Studies. Canadian marine policy and strategy project: phase one report on national requirements. Halifax: Dalhousie University Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, 1992. 198 p

Contents: 1. Long-term factors and trends in marine policy; 2. Environmental risks and management challenges; 3. Marine transportation challenges; 4. Potential threats to Canadian maritime security; 5. Technological advances for sustainable development; 6. Technological advances for marine transportation; 7. Technological advances for maritime security; 8. Foreseen tasks for sustainable development; 9. Foreseen tasks for marine transportation; 10. Foreseen tasks for maritime security.

Daly, Herman and John Cobb. For the common good : redirecting the economy toward community, the environment and a sustainable future. (2nd ed.) Boston: Beacon Press, 1994. 534 p.

Contents: Includes new afterword on money and finance, revised post Cold War chapter on international security, and updated index of sustainable economic welfare.

Davidson, Joan, Dorothy Myers and Manab Chakraborty. No time to waste : poverty and the global environment. London: Oxfam, 1992. 217 p.

Contents: Introduction; Wasting people, wasting the earth; What kind of development; Water for life; The struggle for the land; Food security and sustainable agriculture; The vanishing forests; Living in cities; Conflict and the environment; The population question; Rich world, poor world: trade, debt and aid; No time to waste : an agenda for action.

Abstract: Environmental degradation is considered to be a major impediment to the economic development in many parts of the world. This book outlines Oxfam's perspective on environmental degradation and the linkages to development. The effects of environmental degradation to water, land, agriculture, and forests on the poor of the world are discussed. The responses of people to safeguard and improve the natural resources on which they depend are described. The work of NGOs at the local, national, and international level are discussed. Oxfam considers sustainable development to be the only solution to both poverty and environmental degradation. The authors introduce the concept of Primary Environmental Care as a practical approach to sustainable development. The three primary components (people's empowerment, securing basic needs, and caring for the environment) are presented with examples. The problems of urban poverty and the need for community organizations to improve the situation of the poor are discussed. The authors look beyond local action to the need for changes at the national and international level to end armed conflict and increase democracy, popular participation and good governance. The book examines the factors involved in rapid population growth and emphasizes the importance of tackling poverty, improving the education and status of women, and widening access to birth planning services. The structural differences between the north and south are considered. The authors argue that reducing these differences, especially economic differences, is a requirement for sustainable development.

Doerksen, Al and Al Kehler. Food security in the horn of Africa : a policy perspective. Winnipeg: Canadian Foodgrains Bank, 1994. 16 p.

Eaton, Chris. Rural environmental degradation and urban conflict in South Africa. University of Toronto Peace and Conflict Studies Program occasional papers. Toronto: University College, University of Toronto, 1992. 28 p.

Environmental and Energy Study Institute. Partnership for sustainable development : a new U.S. agenda for international development and environmental security. Washington, DC: The Institute, 1991. 31 p.

Contents: Summary; Sustaining the Earth and its people; Recommendations Abstract: Report of an Environmental and Energy Study Institute Task Force on International Development and Environmental Security. Contains twelve major new US initiatives to enhance US cooperation with developing countries on the issues of environment, development and population.

Evteev, S. E. "Ecological security of sustainable development." Development (1989): 112-115.

Freudenberger, Mark Schoonmaker and Karen Schoonmaker Freudenberger. Pastoralism in peril : pressures on grazing land in Senegal. Pastoral land tenure series no.4. London: International Institute for Environment and Development, 1993. 33 p.

Contents: Introduction; The agro-pastoralist populations of Senegal; Mobility and the Agro-pastoral livelihood system; Conflict between sedentary and agro-pastoral systems: regional case studies; Conclusions: pastoralist vulnerability, local responses, and the need for sustainable land use planning.

Abstract: This paper looks at the causes and consequences of increasing pressures on the grazing lands needed to maintain viable agro-pastoral systems in Senegal's Sahelian belt. It first looks at the agro-pastoral populations of Senegal and, in particular at the role of mobility in reducing risk and ensuring the sustainability of their livelihoods. It then discusses, region by region, the pressures on grazing lands, looking specifically at issues that have arisen (1) along the Senegal River and the Lac de Guiers, (2) in the Ferlo, (3) in the Peanut basin, (4) in the Niayes coastal region and (5) in Eastern Senegal and the Casamance. The conclusions focus on political and legal issues related to the maintenance of common areas necessary for agro-pastoralist livelihoods and looks at how the local populations themselves have responded to this threat to their grazing strategies.

Ghai, Dharam . "Global markets, global insecurity". Our planet 7 (3 : 1995): 6-8.

Glantz, Michael H. (ed.) The role of regional organizations in the context of global warming : [proceedings of the workshop] Paris, France 5-8 October 1992. Boulder, CO: National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1993. 190 p.

Conference: NATO Advanced Research Workshop (1992 : Paris)

Contents: (Selected) The regionalization of climate-related environmental problems (Glantz); Climate change and water resources (Veiga da Cunha); Climate change and international water problems Wescoat); The OAS and issues of environment and development (Cordeiro); Regional organizations and environmental change; Some aspects of regional cooperation in the marine sciences (Kullenberg); The roles of IGOs in international environmental management (Underdal); Role of regional organizations in the context of climate change (Singh); The environment as a security issue (Perelet)

Gleick, Peter H. and Mirian E. Lowi. Water and conflict. Project on Environmental Change and Acute Conflict occasional paper series no.1. Toronto: University of Toronto Peace and Conflict Studies Program, 1992. 62 p.

Contents: Bound with West Bank water resources and the resolution of conflict in the Middle East (Lowi)

Goldberg, Edward D. Coastal zone space : prelude to conflict. Paris: UNESCO, 1994. 138 p.

Contents: Introduction; The rising population in the coastal zone; Tourism and recreation; The role of the oceans in waste management; Farming and ranching the sea; Transportation; Energy from the sea; Commercial fishing; Offshore mining; Use conflicts and regulatory mechanisms; Prelude to conflict

Abstract: This volume is addressed to those engaged in managing the coastal marine environment. Its focus is the coastal zone, the narrow band of water and land where the oceans meet the continents. Its concern is to maintain or improve the resource for a growing world population placing more and more stresses upon them. Its strategy is to identify conflicts that will arise among the various users of the coastal zone, whether they seek economic profit, aesthetic enjoyment, the solution of problems that develop elsewhere, or recreation.

Gotlieb, Yosef . Development, environment, and global dysfunction : toward sustainable recovery. Delary Beach, FL: St. Lucie Press, 1996. 250p.

Contents: Chapter 1 - Introduction : Terms of discourse, Progress and growth, The consumption of nature, Reconceptualizing development, The development of global dysfunction, Social ecology against development, The organization of this volume; Chapter 2 - Global dysfunction - multiple problems, one problematic : Decline in Third World development, Environmentally unsustainable development, The endurance of ethnic conflict, Socio-spatial realities of territory, "Development" and global dysfunctional; Chapter 3 - The society-nature relationship : Extremes defining the spectrum of symbiotic human-land relations, The spectrum of symbiotic approaches to society-environment relations, Ethnoscience...indigenous knowledge, and ecodevelopment, Intimacies of society-land unity, The integrity of life-place; Chapter 4 - The endogenous recovery region : The rurality of development, Bottom-up regional development, The recovery of territorial life, Spatial parameters of the endogenous recovery region; Chapter 5 - Articulation of the social ecology thesis : The material manifestations of ethno-nationalism, Lessons of the society-environment relationship, Colonized space and the impediments to development, The social ecology program; Chapter 6 - Contemporary Kurdistan as an endogenous recovery region : Dimension of Kurdish identity, Demography of the Kurds and of Kurdistan, Kurdistan as an ecoregion; Chapter 7 - Endogenous recovery and a choice of future(s) : Social crises, A cosmopolitan world, Environmental degradation, History reconstructed, Recovering reality, Recovery - multiple trajectories, Recovering place, A fuller view of the parts of the whole.

Abstract: This book provides analysis of three interrelated global problems : environmental degradation, entrenched poverty, and increasing socio-political instability. The author integrates economic, political, social, and ecological considerations. Guidelines are proposed for identifying the appropriate socio-spatial framework in which sustainable endogeneity may be applied (The Endogenous Recovery Zone). The author discusses the problems of contemporary Kurdistan and uses the concept of sustainable endogeneity to characterize the region as an Endogenous Recovery Zone.

Gupta, Nandini and Gudrun Beger. Environmental conflict and resolution : annotated bibliography.Geneva: International Academy of the Environment, 1994. 58 p.

Note: Bilingual French and English.

Contents: Introduction; Conflicts due to competition for the ownership and/or use of natural resources; Conflicts due to environmental degradation; Approaches to environmental conflict resolutions; Cooperation and agreements concerning environmental conflicts.

Gurkan, Ali Arslan. "The mathematics of hunger : taking the statistical measure of food security...an insecurity". Ceres 152 (March-April 1995): 31-33.

Hawley, T. M. Against the fire of hell: the environmental disaster of the Gulf War. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1992. 208 p.

Hjort af Ornas, Anders and Sverre Lodgaard. The environment and international security. Uppsala: Uppsala University. Research Programme on Environmental Policy and Society, 1992. 110 p.

Abstract: Environmental conflicts can be grouped into two main categories : (1) conflicts between man and nature, centering on sustainability, and (2) conflicts between man and man, centering on development. In recent years, the grand approach to environmental conflict resolution has been named "sustainable development". For the future, the contradictions between short-term economic growth and a sustainable global economy may become as fundamental as the contradiction between capitalism and communism was during the Cold War. Environmental degradation thus adds yet another dimension to many existing conflicts. This volume is an effort towards conceptualizing not one but many securities.

Hoagland, Sara and Susan Conbere. Environmental stress and national security. College Park, MD: University of Maryland. Center for Global Change, 1991. 73 p.

Homer-Dixon, Thomas F. "Environmental scarcities and violent conflict". International Security, 19(1) : 5-40.

Homer-Dixon, Thomas F. Environmental scarcity and global security. Headline Series no. 300 (Fall 1995). New York: Foreign Policy Association, 1995. 80 p.

Contents: Introduction; Where will the world be in 2025?; The social effects of environmental scarcity; Violent conflict and environmental scarcity; Long-term security implications

Abstract: Discusses the relationship between environmental change and potentially violent conflict, both within and between countries.

Homer-Dixon, Thomas F. "On the threshold : environmental changes as causes of acute conflict". International Security 16(2) : 76-116.

Homer-Dixon, Thomas F., Jeffrey H. Boutwell and George W. Rathjens. "Environmental change and violent conflict: growing scarcities of renewable resources can contribute to social instability and civil strife". Scientific American (1993 February) : 38-45.

Homer-Dixon, Thomas F. Strategies for studying causation in complex ecological political systems. Toronto : University of Toronto Project on Environment, Population and Security., 1995. 12 p.

Abstract: This paper shows that some commonly advocated methodological principles of modern political science are inappropriate for the study of complex ecological-political systems. It also provides conceptual tools for thinking about the causal roles of environmental and demographic factors, and it discusses various strategies for hypothesis and inference testing.

Human Rights Watch. Defending the earth: abuses of human rights and the environment. Washington, D.C.: Natural Resources Defence Council, 1992. 106 p.

Abstract: Examines the relationship, often causal, between human rights and environmental abuses. Includes case studies.

Imber, Mark . Environment, security, and UN reform. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994. 180 p.

Contents: Two Hiroshimas every week; Debt, poverty and environment; The global commons; The UNEP role; Two cheers for Rio, 1992; Beyond UNCED: revenues and reforms; Appendix 1: Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Part II (The Stockholm Principles, 1972); Appendix 2: General Assembly Resolution 43/196 - A United Nations conference on environment and development; Appendix 3: Rio Declaration on Environment and Development.

Abstract: This book studies the interplay of three particular facets of the connection between environment and development: the role of Third World debt in perpetuating both poverty and environmental damage; the extension of the 'common-heritage of mankind' concept to include, not only the seas, but also the atmosphere and climate system, both to protect the commons and raise resources for development; and the reform of the UN in the aftermath of the many promises made at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit (UNCED).

International Commission on Peace and Food. Uncommon opportunities : an agenda for peace and equitable development : report of the International Commission on Peace and Food. London: Zed Books, 1994. 210 p.

Notes: Chaired by M.S. Swaminathan

Abstract: Suggests a number of practical proposals for world democratization and economic reform, including a global cooperative security system, strategies for full employment in both developing and industrial countries, an agricultural revolution to eliminate hunger, reduce inequality and promote jobs and economic growth, and an approach to rapid transition in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union that accelerates growth without damage to people's lives

Johnson, Peter J. and Peter N. Duinker. Beyond dispute: collaborative approaches to resolving natural resources and environmental conflicts. Thunder Bay, Ont: Lakehead University. School of Forestry, 1993. 29 p.

Johnson, Pierre Marc and Andre Beaulieu. The environment and NAFTA : understanding and implementing the new continental law. Washington: Island Press, 1996. 412 p.

Abstract: This book deals with NAFTA's environmental implications. It discusses the context in which such implications were brought to the negotiating table and the legal mechanism put in place to address them, as well as the original trilateral institution set up to maintain the focus on environmental cooperation at the continental level. This book describes the international environmental public policy-making that took place in the context of NAFTA. Special attention is devoted to the role and positions of NGOs. The authors seek to inform the reader about the environmental implications of NAFTA and the context in which the three governments had to integrate environmental concerns in a large, complex, commercial negotiation. The provisions of NAFTA that refer to or may have an impact on the environmental policies and measures taken to implement them are presented an analyzed in the light of precedents. The provisions of NAFTA that address the concern that pollution havens may act as investment magnets as well as the harmonization of environmental standards are discussed. This book also attempts to gauge the impact of globalization (and regionalization) on efforts to protect the human environment. The authors attempt to explain how the functioning of NAFTA, and its interaction with the environmental parallel agreement, might take place and how they will impact on trade policies and practices, domestic and regional environmental protection efforts, and the relationships among Canada, Mexico, and the United States. Canada; Mexico; United States

Jones, Jeff R., Roxanne Martin and E.T. Bartlett. "Ecosystem management : the U.S. Forest Service's response to social conflict". Society and Natural Resources 8 (1995): 161-168.

Kane, Hal. The hour of departure : forces that create refugees and migrants. Worldwatch paper no.125. Washington, D. C.: Worldwatch Institute, 1995. 56 p.

Contents: Introduction; The shared roots of departure; Particular pressures: war and persecution; Failing the official refugee test; Moving up the pay scale; Following the money; Defusing the pressures.

Abstract: The author argues that the underlying pressures that push people from their homes can be dealt with, and unwanted displacement reduced. Pressures of land scarcity, for example, contributed to the eruption of war in Ruwanda, and water scarcity has forced millions of rural Chinese form their homes. The author argues for, and gives examples of, enlightened economic and social policies around the world aimed at stemming the tide of the dispossessed

Kaplan, Robert D. "The coming anarchy". Atlantic Monthly ( February 1994) : 44-76.

Abstract: How scarcity, crime, overpopulation, tribalism, and disease are rapidly destroying the social fabric of our planet.

Kavanagh, Barbara and Stephen Lonergan. Environmental degradation, population displacement and global security : an overview of the issues. CSRD research report no.1. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria. Centre for Sustainable Regional Development, 1992. 65 p.

Kirdar, Uner and Leonard Silk (eds). People : from impoverishment to empowerment : thinkers from many countries address the relationship between prosperity and peace. New York: New York University Press, 1995. 496 p.

Contents: (Selected): Reduction of poverty; Learning from experiences (Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, Taiwan); Measures for the reduction of poverty (Role of the state and market in addressing inequality and growth, Women's empowerment); Expansion of productive employment: Pattern and nature of unemployment and underemployment (Full employment revisited, Employment creation and development), Measures for the expansion of productive employment (Entrepreneurship: a youth perspective for employment); Enhancement of social cohesion: Learning from experiences: South Africa; Building blocks of security for people (Ensuring peace in a changing world, Putting people first (New imperatives of human security, Role of women in a changing world, Hopes and fears of youth); Strengthening international cooperation (Rethinking development: a new challenge for international development organizations (Bezanson), Political mobilization, civic spirit, Role of the United Nations); Towards a summit for people: From Stockholm to Rio to the twenty first century (Strong), Challenge of empowering people (Sadik), Civil society and social development (Somavia)

Abstract: Collection of articles by over fifty people addressing the relationship between prosperity and peace, and how to empower people in order to foster an environment of peace, prosperity and social harmony

Kirton, John. Sustainable development as a focus for Canadian foreign policy. Working paper series no.25. Ottawa: National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy, 1994. 28 p.

Contents: (Selected): Beyond trade and competitiveness: Canadian foreign policy in 1990s; The new economic agenda: strengthening trade-environment links; The new environmental agenda: pursuing the promise of Rio; The new development agenda: coordinating resource redeployment; The new political agenda: building social accountability; The new security agenda: fostering environmental security; Global governance: shaping the new internationalism. Appendix A: Core definitions, principles, and dimensions of sustainable development (including discussion on sustainable development and common security); Appendix B: Public opinion on sustainable development as a Canadian foreign policy priority (and tables from Angus Reid, Goldfarb, Decima and Harris)

Kothari, Rajni and United Nations University Programme on Peace and Global Transformation. Towards a liberating peace. New York: New Horizons Press, 1988. 167 p.

Laver, Ross. "Looking for trouble : Tad Homer-Dixon's prophesies for a crowded planet have created a stir in Washington". Maclean' s (September 5, 1994) : 18-21.

Lipschutz, Ronnie D. Peace and sustainable development : Why? When? How? For Whom? (s.l.): The author, 1996. 15 p.

Abstract: Peace is more than just the absence of war. It requires that the basic constitutive conditions of social life be broadly accepted within a society and depends on a social consensus over the terms of peace. Sustainable development is more than just the maintenance of resource flows; it requires that members of a community come to some sort of agreement about the shared interests that override their individual ones and depends on having in place the social organization that is based in a framework that helps to facilitate social consensus and peace. Together, peace and sustainable development can be realized only within the context of specific communities, working towards specific goals. This does not mean that global peace or governments are irrelevant; they are a very necessary part of a comprehensive formula. But, unless both social peace and projects of sustainable development are conceptualized and implemented in these terms, and strive to be inclusive and democratic, they will be hard put to succeed. In this paper, both concepts are discussed and two cases of communities working toward sustainable development are presented.

Lonergan, Stephen. Environmental change and regional security in Southeast Asia. Directorate of Strategic Analysis project report no. PR 659. Ottawa: Canada. Department of National Defence, 1994. 110 p.

Abstract: Explores the linkages between environmental change and security, focusing on resource scarcity problems, population displacement, and income disparities.

Macrae, Joanna and Anthony Zwi , (eds). War and hunger : rethinking international responses to complex emergencies. London: Zed Books, 1994. 242 p.

Contents: Famine, complex emergencies and international policy in Africa: an overview; The course of the four horsemen: costs of war and its aftermath in Sub-Saharan Africa; The political economy of internal war: asset transfer, complex emergencies and international aid; Human rights and wars of starvation; Angola: surviving against rollback and petrodollars; The function of famine in southwestern Sudan: implications for relief; Relief behind the lines: the cross-border operation in Tigray; Dangerous precedents? famine relief in Somalia; The impact of war on food security in Eritrea: prospects for recovery; Gender, war and food; UN reform in a changing world: responding to complex emergencies; Engaging with violence: a reassessment of relief in wartime; Conclusion

Abstract: The authors explore ways in which warfare creates hunger. The cases of Angola, Sudan, Tigray, Eritrea, Mozambique and Somalia illuminate the nature of complex emergencies in situations of war. Other chapters focus on the reforms required of the UN's machinery, reassess the role of relief in time of war, and ask how the international community should respond to the new circumstances of post-Cold War international interventions.

Makhijani, Arjun. From global capitalism to economic justice : an inquiry into the elimination of systematic poverty, violence and environmental destruction in the world economy. New York: Apex Press, 1992. 176 p.

Contents: (Selected): The war system: Colonial dynamic of capitalism (Third World elites and military power), Monetary imperialism, Dynamic of capitalism within countries, Economic activity of women, Capitalism and democracy, Centralized socialism (Collapse of centralized socialism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union), Capitalism and socialism: a comparison; Economic justice and a peace system: Some elements of economic democracy (Governments and markets, Restructuring the large corporation, Mobility of capital and of people, National self determination, Private property, Local self reliance); Restructuring the international system (Security of international trade, International monetary system); Restructuring within countries (Kerala, India, The United States); Money, human needs and the environment (Monetized and non monetized work, Human needs and the environment); Economic culture (Restructuring the international monetary system)

Abstract: Analyzes present-day economic systems, presents a vision of the economic aspect of a system which would engender justice, peace and environmental harmony, and discusses initiatives that people can take individually and collectively to help move toward that vision.

Manitoba Council for International Cooperation. Peace bibliography. Winnipeg: MCIC, 1993.

Mitchell, Bruce (ed). Resource and environmental management in Canada : addressing conflict and uncertainty. (2nd. ed). New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. 445 p.

Contents: Contemporary climatic change: the problem of uncertainty(Hare);Waste management: moving beyond the crisis (Maclaren);First Nations' sovereignty and land claims: implications for resource management (Wolfe-Keddie);gender, resources, and environmental management (Nesmith, Wright); NAFTA and its implications for resource and environmental management(Gale);the east coast fisheries(Harris);agriculture and rural resources (Troughton);towards sustainable development of Canada's forests(Dufour);the sustainability of wildlife (Gauthier); parks and protected areas (Dearden);water resource management: canadian perspectives and the Great Lakes water levels issue(Kreutzwiser);energy and minerals in Canada(Harker);managing the impacts of Hibernia: a mid-term report (Storey);implementing sustainable development in hinterland regions(Reed);assessing environmental impacts in Canada(Meredith);sustainable development, conservation strategies, and heritage (Nelson);'beating' conflict and uncertainty in resource and environmental management(Mitchell).

Abstract: This publication addresses resource and environmental management in Canada by considering the conflict created by differing regional, sectoral, substantive, or ideological perspectives. It also considers the uncertainty that is a basic feature of decision making in the absence of complete information about present or future conditions. Discussions includes issues such as the east coast fishery, NAFTA, gender, or the First Nations in relation to resource and environmental management. Canada

Moffatt, I. "A dynamic model of environmental conflict and structural change". European Journal of Operational Research, 25 (1986): 98-104.

Mungall, Constance and Digby McLaren. Planet under stress: the challenge of global change. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1990. 344 p.

Myers, Norman. Ultimate security : the environmental basis of political stability. New York: W.W. Norton, 1993. xi, 308 p.

Contents: Introduction; Case studies: regional examples; Case studies: global examples; The new security.

Abstract: "Environmental problems can figure as causes of conflict. If we continue on our road to environmental ruin worldwide, they will likely become predominant causes of conflict in the decades ahead. That is the essential message of this book." - Author.

Nazim, Mohannad and Nicholas Polunin (eds). Environmental challenges : from Stockholm to Rio and beyond. Geneva: Foundation for Environmental Conservation, 1993. 284 p.

Contents: Introduction; Environmental challenges: from Stockholm to Rio de Janeiro (Tolba); Women, population and development (Sadik); Transport and the environment (Dahl); Natural resources, conflictand security in a shrinking world (Westing); Biotechnology in agriculture (Khush); Global climate change: expectations and human reactions (Bolin and Nazim); Environmentally sustainable development (Munasinghe); Local knowledge: the forgotten resource (Walker); The role of atmosphere and near-space sciences in the development of non-industrialized countries(Radicella and Serafimov); Environment and development: future prospects in the light of UNCED (Strong and Kate).

Novek, Joel. "Environmental impact assessment and sustainable development : case studies of environmental conflict" Society and Natural Resources 8 (1995): 143-159.

Panos Institute. From information to education: an educational series from the Panos Institute. Washington, DC: The Institute, 1992-4. 5 v.

Contents: v.1 HIV and development; v.2 Environment and development; v.3 Narcotics and development; v.4 Population and development; v.5 Conflict and development.

Pasquero, Jean. "Supraorganizational collaboration : the Canadian environmental experiment". Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 27(1) (March 1991): 38-64.

Payoyo, Peter Bautista (ed). Ocean governance : sustainable development of the seas. Tokyo: United Nations University Press, 1994. 369 p.

Contents: The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: sustainable development and institutional implications (Pinto); Existing institutional framework and mechanisms (Nandan); The significance and cost of ratification of the Law of the Sea Convention (Njenga); The role of indigenous peoples in ocean governance (van Dyke); New structures for decision-making in integrated ocean policy (Vallejo); Environmental accounting and valuation in the marine sector (Lutz and Munasinghe); National case-studies: India and Japan (Saigal; Fuse); The regional seas programme - integrating environment and development: the next phase (Keckes); Fisheries efficiency, resources conservation effectiveness, and institutional innovations (Troadec); Regional cooperation in non-living resources: joint management zones (Vicuna); Regional centres for marine science and technology (Saigal); Regional cooperation in marine sciences (Kullenberg and Ayala-Castanares); Regional case-studies: the Baltic Sea, and Indian Ocean - regional cooperation in science: the Helsinki Convention for the Baltic (Gelpke); The Indian Ocean Marine Affairs Cooperation - IOMAC (Jayewardene); Ocean governance and the global picture (van Ettinger, King and Payoyo); The competent international organizations: internal and external changes (Mensah); Information and communication on the oceans (Richardson); Collective security and the changing role of navies (Morgan); Ocean governance and development: the question of financing (Mendez); An ocean assembly (Yankov and Ruivo).

Abstract: This book examines the institutional implications of sustainable development of the oceans by exploring the national, regional and global dimensions of ocean governance and drawing attention to the basic issues and approaches concerned with achieving the difficult task of institutional integration for the long-term sustainability of the seas. The contributors make a strong case for the critical importance of the oceans in any strategy aimed at a new sustainable world order.

Percival, Valerie and Thomas Homer-Dixon. Environmental scarcity and violent conflict: the case of Rwanda. University of Toronto, 1995. 18 p.

Abstract: Until the recent violence, Rwanda had a population of 7.5 million, a population growth rate estimated at about 3 percent, and a population density among the highest in Africa. Ninety-five percent of the population resided in the countryside, and 90 percent relied on agriculture to sustain themselves. Land scarcity and degradation threatened the ability of food production to keep pace with population growth. Rwanda could be described as a country with severe demographic stress relying for subsistence on a limited resource base. Yet although environmental factors were significant development issues, environmental scarcity had at most a limited, aggravating role in the recent conflict.

Pietila, Hikka and Jeanne Vickers. Making women matter : the role of the United Nations. (Updated ed.) London: Zed Books, 1994. 198 p.

Notes: Foreword by Gertrude Mongella, Secretary-General of Fourth World Conference on Women [held in] Beijing, 1995

Contents: (Selected): Towards new millennia: forward from Nairobi (NGO Forum, 1985); Development from women's point of view; Forward Looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women [FLS]: equality, development, peace; United Nations Decade for Women 1976-1985; Importance of other world conferences; Institutional breakthrough in the United Nations system; UN System's concrete commitment to women; Emerging rights of women (In the United Nations Charter, Commission on the Status of Women, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women - full text and discussion);Issues for the nineties: violence against women and the environment (Women and environment: Agenda 21; General Assembly speaks out; Promises and doubts: women's future with the United Nations. Annexes: Selected guidelines and checklists for women in development (INSTRAW); How to organize a national or local campaign; Relevant international instruments.

Abstract: Comprehensively sets out principles and promises made regarding the advancement of women and the integration of their interests into development, while encouraging them to ensure that governments keep their promises

Pinstrup-Andersen, Per. World food trends and future food security. Washington, DC: The International Food Policy Research Institute, 1994. 25 p.

Contents: Feeding the world: availability and access to food; Can yield gains keep pace with population growth?; The future of food trade and aid; Four key factors will influence future food production and consumption; No time for complacency.

Abstract: The report attempts to answer the questions: What can be learned from current world food trends?; Are production trends of the last 30 years likely to continue?; Will the future bring global food surpluses or increasing food scarcity and widespread hunger?; among others.

Polunin, Nicholas, Mohammad Nazim (eds). Population and global security (environmental challenges II). Geneva: Foundation for Environmental Conservation, 1994. 285 p.

Notes: Limited Geneva edition for United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).

Contents: Population expansion and global stability (Sadik); Global population and emergent pressures (Myers); Where is the time-bomb ticking? (Ramphal); Population, economics, development and environmental security (Tisdell); Imperatives for environmental sustainability: decrease overconsumption and stabilize population (Goodland et al); Health of people, health of planet (Schaefer and Kreisel); World population and nutritional well-being (Menza and Lupien); Global migration: a thousand years' perspective (Galtung); Women and the family planning imperative (Senanayake); The attitudes and involvement of religions in population planning (Trompf); Energy for a sustainable world population (Goldemberg); Hopes for the future (Holdgate).

Porter, Gareth and Janet Welsh Brown. Global environmental politics. Dilemmas in world politics. Boulder: Westview Press, 1991. 208 p.

Contents: (Selected): Actors in the environmental arena (Nation-state actors, International organizations as actors, Non government organizations as actors, Corporations as actors); Issues and formation of environmental regimes (Transboundary air pollution (acid rain), Ozone depletion, Whaling, Trade in ivory from African elephants, International toxic waste trade, Antarctic minerals, Global warming, Destruction of tropical forests); Environment and world politics: security, North-South relations and trade: International security and the environment; The future: alternative approaches to global cooperation (Incremental change approach, Global partnership approach, Global governance approach).

Porter, George. "An ethical basis for achieving global human security". Development (March 1995):56-59.

Abstract: The author presents his vision for a world based on global human security.

Postel, Sandra. Last oasis : facing water scarcity. Worldwatch environmental alert series. Washington, DC: Worldwatch, 1993. 239 p.

Contents: (Selected): Living within water's limits (Thrifty irrigation, Small-scale solutions, Wastewater no more, Industrial recycling, Conserving in cities); Toward water security (Pricing, markets and regulations, A water ethic).

Abstract: Examines the ecological, economic and political limits of water and how new technologies and knowledge already exist to conserve and use water more efficiently.

Project Ploughshares and the Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Armed conflicts report 1995. Waterloo, ON: Project Ploughshares, 1995. 24 p.

Contents: (Selected): Armed conflicts; Peacekeeping; Canada's arms trade; International arms trade; Human development and armed conflict; Weapons of mass destruction; Conflict summaries.

Abstract: Includes maps depicting the location and intensity of major armed conflicts, the presence of international peacekeeping or enforcement missions, the major players in the international arms trade; and Canada's role in that arms trade. Also features maps comparing human development and the incidence of armed conflict, and the world's deadly storehouses of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons.

Raghavan, Chakravarthi. "UNCTAD warns of instability and trade conflict in world economy". Third World Economics 16 (July 1995): 5-7.

Abstract: The distinct but closely linked processes of globalization and liberalization in the world economy offers great opportunities but also entailed risks of instability and marginalization within and among nations according to UNCTAD.

Raghavan, Chakravarthi. "WTO accord threatens south's food security". Third World economics: trends, and analysis (February 16-28) 4 p.

Reinicke, Wolfgang H. Cooperative security and the political economy of nonproliferation in global engagement : cooperation and security in the 21^st century. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1993?. 59 p.

Renner, Michael. Budgeting for disarmament : the costs of war and peace. Washington, D.C.: Worldwatch Institute, 1994. 70 p.

Abstract: Examines spending from all sources on the after-effects of war (landmine clearance, refugee repatriation, demobilization of soldiers and reconstruction), surveys expenditures to implement conventional, chemical and nuclear arms treaties, and explores the funding available for military base closures, defense conversion and peacekeeping

Renner, Michael.. National security: the economic and environmental dimensions. Worldwatch paper no 89. Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute, 1989. 78 p.

Renner, Michael. Swords into plowshares: converting to a peace economy. Worldwatch paper no.96. Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute, 1990. 85 p.

Roche, Douglas. A bargain for humanity : global security by 2000. Edmonton, Alberta: University of Alberta Press, 1993. 189 p.

Contents: 1 - The costs of disorder : a lesson in Bangladesh, two worlds colliding, the effects of militarism; 2 - The Iraq war - the trivialization of life : just war concept obsolete, Middle East arms - expansion or control ?, a U.N. arms register; 3 - The movement away from militarism : the future of nuclear weapons, the Gorbachev-Yeltsin view, the United States in the Clinton era, breaking the inertia, the passage from militarism, preventative diplomacy...peacemaking and peace-keeping; 4 - Canada - a new agenda for peace : a state of ambiguity, U.S. influence on Canadian policy, development assistance and security, a move towards common security, Canadian strength - verification...peacekeeping, removing the causes of war; 5 - The earth summit - a defining moment : the energy - pollution link, the population - consumption link, development redefined, a launching pad...not a quick fix; 6 - Standards for an equitable new world order : initiatives for common security, Washington or the U. N. as the centre ?, common responsibility in the 1990s, the development of international law, United Nations' reform; 7 - Global education for global security : expanding the education base, the education of women, education for sustainable development; 8 - The ethics of leadership : transforming versus transactional leadership, reciprocity - a common value, new coalition of activists; 9 - The bargain : the nuclear weapons - security council connection, north - south mutual interests, joint management of the biosphere.

Abstract: This book examines global security through a discussion of militarism, human development, and environmental degradation. The author outlines the evolution of militarism to the present emphasis on peacemaking and peace-keeping. The evolution of Canada's policy and involvement receives particular attention. The earth summit is discussed in the context of an evolving human world order, with the summit as a first step towards global planetary management. This discussion is followed by consideration of the UN and the evolving nature of UN reform. The author focuses on education and leadership as obstacles to change. Extending education to greater numbers of people, as well as to Women while also broadening the education approach to achieve sustainable development is suggested. Leadership is discussed, with leaders classified as either transforming or transactional, and transforming leadership found primarily in new coalitions of activists. The author concludes by describing that what is required is a "bargain for humanity" in the form of a covenant, where the integrated agenda for global security, comprising massive disarmament, economic development for all, and environmental protection, must be addressed in an integrated manner by all countries.

Sachs, Wolfgang (ed.). Global ecology: a new arena of political conflict. London: Zed Books, 1993. 262 p.

Abstract: Behind the public's hope of effective action by governments on environmental issues lies a complex terrain of conceptual confusion, conflicts of interest and philosophical dispute. This is why some of the world's leading environmental thinkers have come together in this volume to probe critically the new language being developed by the environmental professionals. This book seeks to launch a critical debate in order to clarify the issues involved and what might constitute appropriate action.

Sanchez, Oscar Arias. A peace perspective on population and environment: people before weapons. International Lecture Series on Population Issues. Chicago, IL: John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, 1995. 16 p.

Notes: in English and Spanish

Abstract: Discusses the how the global military-industrial complex poses as a threat to population and the environment.

Sarty, Leigh. "Points of view : environmental security after communism : the debate". Surviving Together (Summer 1995): 3-6.

Abstract: Those who frame East-West relations after communism in terms of environmental security might be accused of engaging in a semantic sleight-of-hand in order to salvage the familiar analytical categories of the Cold War. This essay seeks to anticipate and refute this charge by demonstrating how the concept of environmental security can be usefully applied to the post-Cold War agenda in East-West affairs. Russia

Schiller, Eric J. (ed). "Sustainable water resources management in arid countries : Middle East and Northern Africa". Canadian Journal of Development Studies special issue 1992. 226 p.

Contents: Water resources: an emerging crisis; The struggle for water in the Middle East; Water security: the missing link in our Mideast strategy; Prospective des besoins et des ressources en eau des pays africains riverains de la M‚diterran‚e: contributions du Plan Bleu; Water resources development in West Africa beyond the year 2000: problems, needs and priorities; Ressources en eau des pays africains: utilisations et problŠmes; Water resources of the Middle East; Irrigation management strategies for the 21st century; Wastewater reuse implementation in selected countries of the Middle East and North Africa; Strat‚gies pour le d‚veloppement des ressources humaines dans la r‚gion Afrique du Nord et Moyen Orient; Jordan's water action plan; Water resources assessment for Egypt; Planification des ressources en eau au Maroc; Water resources management in the semi-arid regions of Nigeria.

Abstract: This publication gives background information to decision makers and planners who want to better understand the water resources situation in the Middle East and Northern Africa. The problem of water shortages in these regions is a developmental issue, since water limitations are seriously impeding the economic growth and development of countries in the region. Because of the environmental aspects of this topic, this publication was intended to serve as background material for the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) to held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992. Four major areas are discussed: historical and political background; water resources data of the region; technological and management strategies; and, country studies.

Seager, Joni. Earth follies: coming to feminist terms with the global environmental crisis. New York: Routledge, 1993. 332 p.

Semrau, Frank W. Conflict and cooperation in continental environmental policy making : the case of Canada and the U.S. Augsburg, DE: Institute of Canadian Studies, 1990. 14 p.

Notes: Paper presented at the conference, Nation-State versus continental integration, Canada in North America, Germany in Europe, December 11-14, 1990

Serageldin, Ismail and June Taboroff (eds). Culture and development in Africa : proceedings of an international conference held at The World Bank, Washington, D.C., April 2 and 3, 1992. Environmentally sustainable development proceedings series no.1. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1994. 568 p.

Notes: Sponsored by the Governments of Norway and Sweden, The Rockefeller Foundation, The World Bank, UNESCO.

Contents: (Selected): Challenge of a holistic vision: culture, empowerment and the development paradigm (Serageldin); Democracy, development and the civic community: evidence from an Italian experiment (Putnam); How cultural theory can contribute to understanding and promoting democracy, science and development (Wildavsky); Indigenous management practices: lessons for Africa's management in the nineties (Dia); Culture, memory and development (Soyinka); Architectural and urban heritage: the example of the City of Ouidah, Benin (Sinou); Archaeological research, site protection and employment generation: central African perspectives (De Maret); Cultural dimensions of conflict management and development: some lessons from the Sudan (Deng); World Decade for Cultural Development (Lopes). Appendix: Towards developing tools for integrating the cultural dimension into development plans and projects (UNESCO information document)

Smil, Vaclav. Environmental change as a source of conflict and economic losses in China. Project on Environmental Change and Acute Conflict. Occasional paper series ; no. 2. Cambridge, MA: University of Toronto. Peace and Conflict Studies Program and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. International Security Studies Program, 1992. 60 p.

Notes: Papers presented at a workshop on Environmental change, economic decline, and civil strife, held at the Institute for Strategic and International Studies, Kuala Lumpur, Nov 1991.

Contents: Bound with Imminent political conflicts arising from China's environmental crisis, by Jack A. Goldstone (18 p.)

Smith, J.W.. The world's wasted wealth 2 : save our wealth, save our environment. Cambria, CA: Institute for Economic Democracy, 1994. 558 p.

Contents: Introduction; Insurance; Law; Transportation; Feeding the world; The health care industry; Poverty and rights; From plunder by raids to plunder by trades; World wars, trade wars; The creation of enemies; The cold war; Peddlers of crisis; The economy of the former Soviet Union; The peace dividend; The ongoing crusades and the new world order; The political structure of peace; The subtle monopolization of land; The subtle monopolization of society's tools; Subtly monopolizing money; Subtly monopolizing communications; Conclusion.

Abstract: This book contributes to the growing dialogue about the future of the human race and its survival. The author points out how society can restructure its wasted labour and industry into shared wealth, leisure time, environmental protection, and a higher quality of life while eliminating world poverty. Only through sharing productive jobs can society's production be efficiently distributed. The needs of all people can be better provided for, while reducing the threat of corporate insolvency and doubling the normal "free time" of workers.

Society for International Development. "Declarations from global human security pre-conferences on sustainable livelihoods and gender". Development (March 1995):64-68.

Abstract: Presents statements emerging from discussions as a contribution to the on-going debate on employment and livelihoods.

Society for International Development. Workshops on civil society and sustainable livelihoods held in Asia, Sub-saharan Africa, Latin America and North America : towards sustainable livelihoods. Rome: Society for International Development, 1996. 168 p.

Contents: (Selected) Sustainable livelihoods: a foundation of just and sustainable societies (Korten); Sustainable livelihoods: a conceptual exploration (Loubser); Rethinking employment : sustainable livelihoods alternatives (Singh); A women's development agenda for the 21st Century (Heyzer); The ongoing debates : what are the real issues? : perspectives of a third world feminist (Antrobus); Women's vision of a just world order (Hunt); Embracing Women's economies in Africa: alternative paths to sustainable livelihoods (Swantz); Economic integration and regional trade agreements : consequences for human security (Porter); Sustainable livelihoods in North America (Clugston, Rogers); African economic development and food security: livelihoods and environment (Mva); Pursuing sustainable development in an unstable environment (Ugwuegbulam); Growth, globalization, and poverty in a developing economy: case of Indonesia (Rachbini); Sustainable livelihoods & debt burden: people's experience in Indonesia (Widagdo); Sustainable livelihoods in the Pacific (Khan); Prospects for sustaining livelihoods: initiatives and experiences of civil society in India (Sugirtharaj); Sustainable livelihoods in Africa: a Ghanaian perspective (Annorbah-Sarpei); Sustainable development through civil society initiatives (Casanova); Sustainable livelihoods : a case study in Brazil (Valente); Jamaica case study on sustainable livelihoods (Harris); Siapa: a Mexican model of a sustainable livelihood endeavor (Tello); Clinch Powell sustainable development forum (Austin); What is community supported agriculture? (En); Case study - food production and sustainable livelihoods in a metropolitan state (Hamm, Baron, Winokur, Hlubik); Swimming upstream: a way of life on the river (Russo); Chesapeake community supported agriculture (CCSA) case study (Russo).

Abstract: This report contains 24 papers most of which were prepared for the four regional workshops on the theme of sustainable livelihoods. The papers centre on three major subject areas: 1) defining sustainable livelihoods; 2) identifying the constraints and barriers to sustaining livelihoods and lastly; 3) case studies from civil society organizations as concrete responses to the problem of social and economic exclusion resulting from lack of adequate and meaningful employment. Africa; Indonesia; North America; Mexico; India; Ghana; Brazil; Jamaica

Stanley Foundation. Environmental problems : a global security threat : report of the Conference ... June 18-23, 1989. Muscatine, IA: 1989.

Conference: United Nations of the Next Decade Conference (24th : 1989: Bermuda)

Suhrke, Astri.. Pressure points : environmental degradation, migration and conflict. Project on Environmental Change and Acute Conflict. Occasional paper series; no.3. Cambridge, MA: University of Toronto Peace and Conflict Studies Program and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1993. 67 p.

Notes: Includes bibliography. Papers prepared for a workshop on Environmental change, population displacement and acute conflict, held at the Institute for Research on Public Policy in Ottawa in June 1991.

Contents: Bound with Bangladesh and Assam : land pressures, migration and ethnic conflict, by Sanjoy Hazarika (20 p.)

Suzuki, David. Inventing the future: reflections on science, technology and nature. Toronto: Stoddart, 1989. 247 p.

Contents: (Selected): The knowledge of good and evil: The great code: genetics and society; Technology's double-edged sword; Science and the military: an unholy alliance; The environment: the scope of the problem.

Sweden. Common responsibility in the 1990's : the Stockholm initiative on global security and governance, April 22, 1991. Washington, D.C.: World Federalist Assoc., 1991. 48 p.

Takahashi, Kazuo (ed.), Japanese Committee for a Post-Cold War Global System, Global Commission for a Post-Cold War Global System and the Sasakawa Peace Foundation . Reconstruction of a new global order : beyond crisis management : the report to the Global Commission. Tokyo: Sasakawa Peace Foundation, 1992. 120 p.

Thacher, Peter S. Institutional options for management of the global environment and commons : a preliminary paper for the World Federation of United Nations Associations Project on Global Security and Risk Management. Geneva: World Federation of U. N. Associations, 1989. 1 v. in various paging.

Thacher, Peter S. Global security and risk management : background to institutional options for management of the global environment and commons. Geneva: World Federation of U. N. Associations, 1992. 53 p.

Thomas, Caroline. The environment in international relations. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1992. 291 p.

Contents: (Selected): The environment on the security agenda; Case studies: Global warming, Ozone depletion, Deforestation

Tokar, Brian. The green alternative : creating an ecological future. (2nd. ed.). Gabriola Island, B.C.: New Society Publishers, 1992. 183 p.

Contents: We are all part of nature; Where did the Green movement come from; Ecology: the art of living on the Earth; Social justice and responsibility; Democracy in politics and in the economy; Toward a world of peace and nonviolence; How can we create a Green future?

Abstract: The author attempts to examine the American Green movement in its earliest stages of growth. He also explores what a Green outlook might mean for contemporary life and politics in the United States using various living examples of people working to create a Green alternative.

Trolldalen, Jon Martin. International environmental conflict resolution : the role of the United Nations. Washington, D. C.: World Foundation for Environment and Development, 1992. 199p.

Contents: (Selected): Responses to international environmental conflicts (IECs); International environmental conflicts and how they generate (International river systems, Coastal areas, Forestry and Biodiversity, Land resources-marginal lands, border landscapes, land-based effects of air pollution, Secondary effects of degradation: environmental refugees)

Abstract: This book examines the appropriateness of UN organs in environmental conflict resolution, and stresses the importance of managing natural resources in a sustainable fashion, whether at a local, national or international level.

Troughton, Michael J. "Conflict or sustainability : contrasts and commonalties between global rural systems". Geography research forum 13 (1991): 1-11.

Abstract: Takes the theme of the Conference, "Harmony and conflict in rural and ex-urban space", and contrasts the need for harmony with the conflicts that exist between situations in developed (DC) and less-developed countries (LDC)

United Nations. [Miscellaneous pre-conference materials from the World Social Summit Preparatory Committee meetings and other sources]. New York: UN, 1994. 3 v. in boxes.

Notes: Includes official papers (national reports, policy papers etc.) for the First Prepcom (31 Jan-11 Feb 194, New York) and the Second Prepcom (22 Aug-2nd Sept 1994, New York). Some texts available in French.

Conference: World Summit for Social Development (1995 : Copenhagen).

Contents: Includes: Towards human security (UNDP policy papers); Urban security and sustainable development in the 21st century (ICSC): report of the Expert Group Meeting on Urban Security; Social integration: approaches and issues (UNRISD); Expert Meeting on the Expansion of Productive Employment, Saltsjobaden, Sweden, 1993; National reports from Croatia, India, Zimbabwe, Spain, Australia, India, Philippines, Liechenstein, Nigeria, Pakistan, Yugoslavia, Uganda; Papers from FAO, DAWN, CIDSE, UNRISD, ICSW, UNESCO, UNHCR, ILO, WIDE, World Bank, ODC, UNICEF, European Union, WWF, WEDO, NGOs; Quality benchmark for the Social Summit : an NGO statement for the third session of the Preparatory Committee....; The Crisis of Social Development in the 1990s : preparing for the World Social Summit - report of UNRISD's 30th anniversary conference Geneva 7-8 July 1993 (United Nations Research Institute for Social Development - UNRISD); From Copenhagen to Beijing : WIDE's contribution to the World Summit for Social Development and the Fourth World Conference on Women (WIDE); Citizenship and human development in Africa, towards the WSSD and World Conference on Women (ENDA, African NGO Forum, Tunis 1994); NGO summit newsletter (May 1995)

United Nations Decade for Women, Manitoba Committee for U. N. Decade for Women and Canada. Secretary of State. Women and justice/injustice : conference report, 1992 conference... March 20-21, 1992, Winnipeg. Winnipeg: The Committee, 1992.

Contents: (Selected): Women in development and the economic status of women North and South (O'Neil); Strategies for change (Rebick); Conflict resolution (Haid); Healing: the Aboriginal women's way to justice; Violence against women - the greatest injustice; Strategies to the year 2000 (Smith).

United Nations Development Programme. Towards human security New York: UNDP, 1994. v. in box.

Conference: World Summit for Social Development (1995 : Copenhagen).

Contents: Includes No.1 Poverty and livelihoods : whose reality counts? (Chambers). No.2 The employment challenge : an agenda for global action (UNDP and ILO). No.3 Globalization and social integration : patterns and processes (Ghai, Hewitt de Alcantara). No.4 New imperatives of human security (Haq). No.5 The 20/20 (twenty twenty) initiative : achieving universal access to basic social services for sustainable human development (UNDP, UNFPA, UNICEF). No.6 Resources for social development (Kaul). no.7 The Tobin tax proposal : background, issues and prospects (Felix). No.8 Change : social conflict or harmony : results of a Stockholm roundtable. No.9 An agenda for the Social Summit : excerpt from the Human Development Report 1994. No.10 The launch of the Human Development Report 1994 in Copenhagen;

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. The state of the world's refugees : in search of solutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. 264 p.

Contents: Introduction; 1 - Changing approaches to the refugee problem; 2 - Protecting human rights; 3 - Keeping the peace; 4 - Promoting development; 5 - Managing migration; Conclusion; Annex 1 - The problem with refugee statistics; Annex 2 - Statistical tables; Annex 3 - UNHCR in brief.

Abstract: This book discusses the global refugee problem by examining the origins of the current crisis. It provides a comprehensive account of the way in which approaches to the problem of human displacement have changed since the end of the Cold War. While the right of asylum must be scrupulously maintained, the book argues, grater efforts must also be made to tackle refugee problems at their source, by restoring peace and prosperity to countries where large numbers of people have been forced to abandon their homes. And to achieve this objective, concerted international action will be required to protect human rights, establish effective peacekeeping operations, promote sustainable development and manage migratory movements. This book also provides a set of statistical tables, graphs and maps, describing the state of the world's refugees. The report includes 25 case studies, examining key refugee situations around the world and showing how new approaches to the problem of human displacement are being put into practice.

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Refworld. (Demo.Version) Geneva, Switzerland: UNHCR, 1995. 1 CD-ROM.

Contents: UNHCR documents and publications; Speeches of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees since 1992; The UNHCR Handbook on procedures and criteria for the determination of refugee status in English and French; other UNHCR Guidelines and Technical and Training Manuals; The state of the world's refugees for 1993; The Refugee Survey Quarterly (RSQ), Vol. 13, Nos 1,2, and 3, 1994; Conclusions on the International Protection of Refugees adopted by the Executive Committee (EXCOM) of the High Commissioner's Programme; UNHCR Notes on International Protection submitted to the EXCOM; and papers submitted by UNHCR to the Sub-Committee of the Whole on International protection; UN General Assembly Resolutions since 1990; UN Security Council Resolutions since 1974; Presidential statements to the Security Council; All country and thematic rapporteur reports submitted to the Commission on Human Rights since 1992; International and regional refugee, human rights and humanitarian law instruments in English and French, with up-to-date lists of State Parties and reservations; National laws and regulations on asylum and citizenship and relevant constitutional provisions; Selected abstracts of precedent-setting legal decisions relating to refugees; Worldwide refugee statistics as of 1 January 1995; Short analyses and more comprehensive, in-depth reports on country situations prepared by UNHCR, the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada...; A fully indexed refugee and country literature and periodicals database of bibliographic references.

Abstract: REFWORLD on CD-ROM is a collection of databases developed by the UNHCR Centre for Documentation on Refugees (CDR). REFWORLD contains information on refugees including current country reports, legal and policy-related documents and literature references.

United Nations World Hearings on Development (1994 : New York). [Miscellaneous documents from the hearings]. New York: United Nations, 1994. v. in box.

Contents: Materials on five themes: Theme 1: Development, peace, security; Theme 2: Challenges and imperatives of growth; Theme 3: Globalization: impact and required action; Theme 4: A new partnership for development; Theme 5: Coordination and institutional support. Includes An agenda for development : report of the Secretary-General (Boutros Boutros-Ghali); List of expert witnesses and their testimony; Global dilemma : economic growth, sustainable development and the debt burden (Jagan); Commonwealth Secretariat submission; Analysis and recommendations on gender issues....and bibliography (United Nations Development Fund for Women - UNIFEM); Globalization : impact and required action : President's summary; President's closing remarks.

United Nations. Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis. World economic and social survey 1995: current trends and policies in the world economy. New York: UN, 1995. 345 p.

Contents: United Nations perspective on the world economy; The current situation in the world's economies; The international economy; Limitations of macro-policy in industrialized countries; Customizing economic policies in the developing countries; The new policy focus on enterprises in transition economies; The changing orientation of international cooperation for development; Major trends in population emerging in the 1990s; The socio-economic status of women; Technology, OPEC and the supply of crude oil; International trade in "new" manufactured products; The new-era secondary market for developing and transition economy debt; Assessing the peace dividend resulting from the end of the cold war; Some causes and consequences of changing methods of production; Current issues in social security policy.

Abstract: This edition of the survey shows two economic and social realities existing side by side. At a time when the global economy is comparatively healthy, many regions are enjoying increasing prosperity and show and ability to sustain their growth. Simultaneously, for many of the world's citizens, this is an era of hardship.

Volkan, Vamik D., Demetrios A. Julius and Joseph V. Montville (eds). The psychodynamics of international relationships. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1991. 2 v.

Contents: Official and unofficial diplomacy: an overview (Volkan); Political realities (Burton); Cultural diplomacy: nurturing critical junctures (Arndt); Officials and citizens in international relationships (Saunders); Conflict resolution as a political system (Burton); The analysis and management of protracted conflict (Azar); The pathology and prevention of genocide (Montville); Interactive problem solving: the uses and limits of a therapeutic model for the resolution of international conflicts (Kelman); The arrow and the olive branch: a case for track two diplomacy (Montville); Psychoanalytic enlightenment and the greening of diplomacy (Montville); The practice of track two diplomacy in the Arab-Israeli conferences (Julius); Psychological processes in unoffical diplomacy meetings (Volkan); "Working" conclusions.

Abstract: This volume examines the pressures of economic and social upheaval that generate ethnic and sectarian conflict, and provides insight into the devastating dimensions of such conflicts as evidenced in cases ranging from the Holocaust to the murderous exploits of the Pol Pot regime in Cambodia. In addition, the volume: delineates the process by which unofficial diplomacy's can be used to resolve long-standing, historical grievances between nations and peoples; proposes a unique system of early warning indicators that would alert the international community to regressive processes at work in any give society; describes the most distinctive tool of unofficial diplomacy - the problem-solving workshop - and how it can be used to assist representatives of warring factions in working through the psychological tasks of conflict resolution; provides illustrations of unofficial diplomacy at work in the world today - in the Middle East, Northern Ireland and elsewhere - and shows its potential use for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.

Weiss, John (ed.). The economics of project appraisal and the environment. New horizons in environmental economics. Brookfield, VT: Edward Elgar Publishing, 1994. 205 p.

Contents: (Selected): Economic valuation of environmental impacts (Barbier); Natural environments and the social rate of discount (Markandya, Pearce); Deforestation and economic criteria (Price); Deforesting the Amazon: towards an economic solution (Pearce); The relevance of global climatic effects to project appraisal (Winpenny); Fuzzy multigroup conflict resolution for environmental management (Munda); Sustainable development and project appraisal (Morvaridi).

Abstract: Papers from economists addressing issues relating to project appraisal and environmental effects in developing countries, and arguing that although cost-benefit analyses are an important tool, they require modification in order to take into account environmental effects.

Wirick, Gregory (ed.), United Nations Association in Canada and the International Institute for Sustainable Development. An international agenda for the 21st [twenty-first] century : selected proceedings from the first Winnipeg Symposium...May 1993, on Canada's role in building international instruments for a broader security agenda. Winnipeg: UNAC, 1995. 1 v. in various pagings.

Contents: United Nations after the Cold War (Maynes); Implementing Agenda 21: Canada as a leader in building bridges (Hanson); International instruments of peace and security: case for refugees (MacDonald); Building trust and acting preventively (Sahnoun); Perception and the United Nations (Childers); Canadian perspectives on international instruments for peace and security (Frechette); United Nations' capacity for peace enforcement (Urquhart); What's happened since Rio (Cohen).

Abstract: Objective to consider Canada's role with the broader international security agenda, embracing both traditional concepts of peace and security and fundamental issues of human and sustainable development.

The World Commission on Environment and Development. Our common future: the report of the World Commission on Environment and Development. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. 400 p.

Contents: Known as the "Brundtland Report". The mandate of the World Commission on Environment and Development was to formulate "a global agenda for change" and Norway's Gro Harlem Brundtland was asked to chair the Commission in November 1983. The final report was presented to the UN General Assembly in 1987.

Abstract: The World Commission on Environment and Development, headed by Gro Harlem Brundtland, Prime Minister of Norway, was set up as an independent body in 1983 by the United Nations. Its brief was to re-examine the critical environment and development problems on the planet and to formulate realistic proposals to solve them, and to ensure that human progress will be sustained through development without bankrupting the resources of future generations.

Wykle, Lucinda, Ward Morehouse and David Dembo. Worker empowerment in a changing economy: jobs, military production, and the environment. Croton-on-Hudson, N.Y.: Apex Press, 1991. 84 p.

Young, Oran R. Arctic politics : conflict and cooperation in the Circumpolar North. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1992. 287 p.

Contents: (Selected): Internal colonialism or self sufficiency; Hunter/gatherers in advanced industrial societies: determinants of cultural survival; Arctic resource conflicts; Politics of animal rights; Petrodollar trap: oil revenues and the political economy of Alaska; Arctic shipping: a tale of two passages; Militarization of the Arctic: political consequences and prospects for arms control; Sustainable development in the Arctic: International dimensions.

Internet Sources

Australian Commercial Disputes Centre. Guidelines for Environmental Mediations. http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp.pl/au/other/acdc/Guidelines/Gu8_Guid.html?query=environmental (Sept. 20, 1996)

ConflictNet. "Resources and Related Sites." Institute for Global Communications (IGC). http://www.igc.apc.org/conflictnet/cn_resources.html (Sept. 20, 1996)

Earth Council. The Earth Network for Sustainable Development. http://www.ecouncil.ac.cr/ (Sept. 20,1996)

Florida Center for Environmental Studies. "Second Inter-American Dialogue on Water Management (II Di logo): Integrated water resources management for sustainable development in the Americas." Florida Atlantic University. http://www.fau.edu/divdept/ces/iawd.htm (Sept. 20, 1996)

International Affairs Network (IAN) and The University of Pittsburgh. "Peace and Conflict Resolution." The World-Wide Web Virtual Library: The IAN Web Home Page. http://www.pitt.edu/%7Eian/resource/conflict.htm (Sept. 20, 1996)

International Institute for Sustainable Development. "Common Security." IISDnet. http://iisd1.iisd.ca/security/security.htm (Sept. 20, 1994)

International Institute for Sustainable Development. "Earth Negotiations Bulletin and Linkages Journal." Linkages. http://www.mbnet.mb.ca/linkages/ (Sept. 20, 1996)

Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Environment Working Group. http://www.israel.org/peace/environ.html (Sept. 20, 1996)

National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy (NRTEE). National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy. http://www.nrtee-trnee.ca/ (Sept. 20, 1996)

Nando.net. Nando.net. "World's thirsty megacities poised for 'water shock'." http://www.nando.net/newsroom/ntn/health/060596/health21_27974.html (July 18, 1996)

Pacific Institute. Environment and Security. http://www.pacinst.org/pacinst/progs.html#Environment and Security (Sept. 20, 1996)

Physicians for Global Survival, Canada. Ban Land Mines Project. http://www.web.apc.org/~pgs/pages/ldmn0.html (Sept. 20, 1996)

Tom Slick World Peace Conference. "Sustainable Development: Implications for world Peace." International Symposium: Sustainable Development: Implications for World Peace. http://www.utexas.edu/ftp/courses/sustdevt/conceptual.html (Sept. 18, 1996)

University of Toronto Peace & Conflict Studies. The Project on Environmental Scarcities, State Capacity, and Civil Violence. http://www.library.utoronto.ca/www/pcs/state.htm (Sept. 18, 1996)

United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development. "United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development." United Nations Division for Sustainable Development. http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/index.html (Sept. 20, 1996)

United Nations Development Programme : Susta